Similarities between linguistic and contructivism

(1) In general youre right to contrast objectivism with constructivism; those are typically
contrasting terms in philosophy. However, Ayn Rands objectivism is really just the name of her
philosophy (which happens to be objectivist). There are many other objectivist philosophies that
have nothing to do with Randindeed, virtually all of them are so. Rands philosophy has been
accused of being cult-like in its practice, and morally bankrupt in its specifics, accusations I think
have a great deal of merit. But those have nothing to do with its being objectivist.
(2) The linguistic turn in philosophy goes back at least to the middle of the last century, with the
logical positivists of the Vienna Circle. They saw their task as one of the logical analysis of
language, which was intended basically to demonstrate that abstruse metaphysical speculations
(such as those of many famous european philosophers) were not only false, but meaningless. This
tack is now seen as largely pass in analytic schools of philosophy in the US, having been replaced
by a somewhat more open view towards careful metaphysical speculations and a closer alliance to
the sciences, with linguistics and logic being one of many rather than the only ones.
(3) Positivists arent constructivists in any important sense. Constructivism is basically the position
that we make stuff up rather than discovering it in the world. The positivists did not believe that of
the sciences in general. Constructivism is generally held in certain schools of post-modernist
thought, or in areas of more competent philosophy with topics that are believed not to be
objective in nature (e.g., aesthetics, morality, culture, etc.)
(4) Chomsky did write some about philosophy, most particularly papers that were taken to have
demolished strict behaviorism about the mind. But he never was a philosopher. His main aim is
strictly linguistic: to come up with a theory that explains all of human language.
If you are interested in learning more about philosophy, I recommend the Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy on the web. Not all its subjects are completed yet, but the ones
that are generally provide good if detailed intros.

Essentialism and Perennialism are educational concepts applying to a society as a whole. They both believe that
there are certain aspects of the culture that must be learned by all included in it. Each one wants to preserve the
historical basis of the affected culture.

Similarities between essentialism and perennialism is that they deal with the student and teacher. The differences
include the purpose of education, the place of students, the content of the school curriculum, and the role of teachers

Behaviorism is the theory that animal and human behavior is explained without appeal to feeling or thought. The
difference is that existentialism is a theory emphasizing the existence of a person as a free agent developing through
acts of the will.