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Department 999
Course Number: 092
Units: 09

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SLE FACULTY
Edward Frueh
Lecturer in SLE, Ph.D. in Classics. Research interests in Greek and Roman literature,
ancient sexuality, food, feasting, and decadence. 7-4238 (home)

Suzanne Greenberg

Coordinator of SLE, Ph.D. in History of Education. Research interests in modem Jewish

history and history of Victorian England. 725-0102 (office); 326-5548 (home)

Mark Manean
Professor of History, Director of SLE. Interests in Jewish history, Chinese history,
Marxism and socialism. 723-4800(office); 327-1275(home)
Jonathan Reider
Associate Director of UndergraduateAdmissions. Intellectual interests in the French
Revolution, the history of political and social thought, anti-Semitism, the history of
Stanford,and baseball.723-2~1 (office); 326-3465(home)
Mollie Schwartz Rosenhan
Lecturer in SLE, Ph.D. in Modem European History. Research interests in in Judaism and
feminism, utopias, and gender issues in dIe Holocaust. 326-1313 (home)

Greg Watkins
Lecturer in SLE, MFA in Film Production. Currently studyingclinical psychologyat the
Instituteof TranspersonalPsychologywhile alsowriting a screenplay. 328-3933(home)

REQUIRED TEXTS
Apuleius, The GoldenAss (University of IndianaPress)
Camoens,The Lusiads(Penguin)

Livy. The Earlv Historv of Rome(Penguin)

Locke,The SecondTreatiseof Government(Hackett)
Machiavelli,The Prince(Norton)
More,~

(Cambridge)

RousseauBasicPolitical Writing (Hackett)

Shakespeare,
Antony and Cleo~tra (New AmericanLibrary)
Tacitus, Annalsof lmoerial Rome(Penguin)
Tolstoy, War and Peace.(Norton)
Virgil, The Aeneid(MacMillan)

The SLE Players

Becauseof the overwhelming successof Lysistratain the Fall, SLE will undertake
the secondof its threeproductionsplannedfor this year. As in the Fall, the scopeof
this productionwill dependentirely uponstudentinterestand enthusiasm.We have
not chosena play for this quarterand insteadwill rely on thespianstudentsto select
the work which will bestdisplay their talentsaswell asilluminate somefacet of this
quarter'sintellectualproject. If you would like to be a part of this productionin any
way, whetheron stageor behind the sccnes,contactSuzanneGreenbergas soonas
possible. The organizationalmeetingfor this quarter'sproductionwill be held soon
after the beginningof the quarter. We encourageALL studentsto participate. The
performancedateis set for Thursday,February25th, 1m.

WEEK 1
Rome: Founding Principles and Empire
Tuesday, January 5th

Wednesday, January 6th

Thursday, January 7th

3: lSpm Plenary:Introductionto Empire

Mark Mancall,SLE
6:30pm Lecture:The Aeneidand the Foundingof Rome
Ed Frueh,SLE
3: 15pm DiscussionSections
6:30pm Lecture:RomanLaw
PeterHunt, Classics
3: 15pm DiscussionSections
6:00pm Film: Soortacus

Reading:

Virgil, The Aeneid: Bks. 1,2,4,6,7,8, selected lines from 9-11 (to be assigned), 12
Livy, The Earl~ History of Rome: Bk. 1

Gay and Webb,Modem Euro~ to 1815:pp. 1- 17

***********************************************************************
Study Questions

2
3
4.

5.

6.
7.
8.

9.

Pietasis the word for filial duty andpatriotism. It is the "patriarchal"virtue of

Romanculture. ContrastAeneas'pietas with the characterof Homer'sheroes.
Virgil's poetry showsus "lacrimaererum," the tearsof things. Describethis tragic
vision in your own terms.
Is the Aeneidan apologyfor imperialism,an ancientexampleof political pro~ganda
lX>you find any factorsin the poemwhich would seemto go againstthis claim?
From the standpointof themythical,the Aeneidwould seemto be a family struggle
betweenJupiterandJuno.How would you interpretthis statementin modem terms?
Analyzethe entireepisodewith Dido. Whatdoesit tell us aboutthe characterof
Aeneas?Whatdoesit tell us abouthis quest?What ultimatelydoesit tell us aboutthe
RomanEmpire?
Analyzethe conceptof furor in the poem. Why is it important? How doesit shape
characterssuchasDido, Tumus, andMezentius?
What is the price of conquest?How is it exactedfrom Aeneas?From the Romans?
What doesVirgil seeasthe particularlyRomancontributionto the world? Does
Romein somesensehavea destiny?
Readthe "preface"carefully. WhatdoesLivy seeas the purposeof history? How
do his goalsashistoriandivergefrom tOOse
of Virgil asepic poet?

10. Compare Livy's account of the founding of Rome with Virgil's evocation of Rome's
past in Aeneid 8. What does Livy emphasize? What does Virgil?

11. In what senseis the story of RomulusandRemusmyth? In what sensedoesit

12.

approach"fact"?
livy wrote during the reign of Augustus, well after the official establishment of the
empire. What characteristicsof the empire does he seein his account of the very
early kingship? What virtues of the Republic does he emphasize?

13. Analyze the deathof Serviusandthe accountof Tarquin'sreign. How are they
significantto Uvy's overall plan in the first book?

WEEK 2
Rome: Decline and Decadence
Tuesday, January 12th

VVednesday,January 13th
Thursday, January 14th

3: 15pm Plenary:Introductionto "Declineand Decadence"

Prof. ReneGirard, Frenchand Italian
6:30pm Lecture:The Age of Nero
Ed Frueh,SLE
3: 15pm DiscussionSections
6:30pm Apuleius:The GoldenAss
Ed Frueh,SLE
3: 15pm DiscussionSections
6:00pm Film: SatYricon

Reading:
Tacitus. Annals: Part 1: Ch.l;Part2: Cbs. 10.11.12.14.15.16
(concentrateon the narrative of the imperial family)
Apuleius. The Golden Ass

************************************************************************
Study Questions
Read the opening of the Annals. What effect has the Empire had on the writing of
history? Why does Tacitus begin in this way?
2.

3.
4.

6.
7.

8.
9.

19.
11.

What happenedafter the deathof Augustus?How did the reign of Tiberius even
from the beginningchangethe natureof theempire? What is Tacitus'basic
assessment
of Tiberius' character?
Analyze the role of Agrippinain theearly part of thereign of Nero. Why does
Tacitusspendso much time on her? Whatis the significanceof her death? How
doesTacitusportraythat death?
Is Nero the ultimate product of a corrupt imperial system? Or is he the ultimate
corruptor of the imperial system?
Tacitus is careful to make the distinction between the public and the private
throughout his work. Discuss the importance of this distinction.

Suetonius,an historianwriting sometime after Tacitus,quotesNero's last words as

"What an artist I die." Discussthe evidencein Tacitusfor the emperorasartist
Like many heroesbeforehim, Lucius is a wanderer.What is the natureof his
wanderings?How is his journey different from thejourneying of CA:lysseus?
Of
Aeneas?
What sort of characteris Lucius? Is he at all admimble? Does he change in the
course of the work?
Apuleius was a Platonist. Can you find any evidence of the influence of Plato in ~
Golden Ass?

How hasthe world changedsinceVirgil and Livy wrote their works? What is the
vision of the Empire that Apuleiusgivesus?
Analyze the nature of religion as it is presentedin the text What do you think about
Apuleius' conversion?

WEEK 3
Rome: Christianity and Empire
Monday, january 18th
Tuesday, january 19th

5:00pm PAPER#1 DUE

3: 15pm Plenary:Christianity
Prof. Eloise Rosenblatt, University of Santa Clara
6:30pm Lecture: St Augustine and the Ci~ of God

Wednesday, January 20th

Thursday, january

21st

Prof. Lee Yearley,ReligiousStudies

3: 15pm DiscussionSections
6:30pm Lecture:Empireto Church
Prof. Maud Gleason
3: 15pm DiscussionSections
6:00pm Film: The SeventhSeal

Reading:
St. Augustine, City of God, (copied selections)
New Testament The Gospel according to Matthew and John, The Letter of Paul to the Romans
and First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians
Gay and Webb: pp. 17- 47

************************************************************************
Study Questions

I
2.

3.
4.

5.
6

7.
8.
9.

Comparethe two g~pels. Do they describethe sameJesus?The sameeven~?

How do they differ? Doeseachbook havea distinct tone,emphasis,or style?
Are the gospelshistory? eye-witnessaccounts?legend?my1i1?fiction? theology?
Are they RtrueR?
What doesthat mean?Doesit matter?How do they convinceor
compelbelief?
Do you find the theology of Paul consistent with the teachingsof Jesusin the
g~pels?

Doesit makesenseto talk of a "Judeo-Christian"heritage?In what ways is the New

Testamentcontinuouswith the HebrewBible? In what waysis it discontinuous?
In what waysand to what extentareChristianityandPlatonismcom~tible? What
changesdid St Augustinehaveto makein Platonismin order to makethe two
com~tible? Is it JX'SSible
to be botha rationalistanda believer?
How can Christian Rother-worldly" be reconciled with the "real world" needsof
political and social life?
Is Christianity more naturally a religion for an empire, a monarchy, or some other
form of government? Is there any form of government with which it is totally at
odds in principle?

What is the goalof humanlife represented

by thetwo cities?

What does St Augustine mean when he says, "Pagan virtues are splendid vices?"
10. What kind of teleology is expressedby the assignmentof distinct worldly and
religious goals in the two cities?

WEEK 4
Secularization of the State
Monday,
Tuesday,

january
january

25th
26th

Wednesday, January 27th

Thursday, January 28th

5:00pm PAPER#2 DUE

3: 15pm Plenary:MachiavelliandPolitical theory
Prof. Judith Brown, History
6:30pm Lecture:Reformation
Prof. Van Harvey,Religious Studies
3: 15pm DiscussionSections
6:30pm Lecture: Utopias:Ancient,Middle and Modem
Jon Reider,SLE
3: 15pm DiscussionSections
6:00pm Film: Beckett

Reading:
Machiavelli,The Prince
ThomasMoore, ~
Gay and Webb: pp. 49 - 83; 115- 147;153- 161
***********************************************************************
Study Questions

2.

3.
4

5.

6.

7.
8.

Is politics a moral, amoral, or an immoral activity? Is politics about the public good
or about power? Is it ~sible to be an effective politician and a morally good person
at the sametime?
What is the role of violence in politics? Is it always bad? Can evil means be used to
achieve good ends? Do governmentshave a right to use violence when citizens do
not?

DoesMachiavelli'sideaof justice go beyond"might makesright?" What would he

think of Thrasymachus(Plato)? Which speechfrom Thucydidesmost resembleshis
thought(Cleon,Diodotus,or theAtheniangeneralsat Melos)?
What would it meanto studypoliticsscientifically? Is this what Machiavellidoes?
How do his methodscomparewith thoseof otherpolitical writers suchasAristotle?
What is Machiavelli'sview of humannature?How might Machiavelli'spersonal
experiencein an environmentof severepolitical disorderhaveinfluencedhis thought?
What doesMachiavellimeanby "civic virtue?" Is it moreor lessimportantto a nation
thanthe concreteinstitutionsof government?Whatcausesthe corruptionof civic
virtue, andwhat can be doneto reversethis corruption?
In what ways is Thomas More a "Renaissance"thinker? What aspectsof his thought
are more medieval in emphasis?

Why would a cl~e advisorof theKing of Englandwrite a book that was by

implication so critical of the societyof his own day?
9.
What is the pu~
of creatinga Utopiathat, by definition, may neverbe realized?
What doeshe borrow, and not borrow, from Plato?
10. What argumentsdoesMore makefor the eliminationof privateproperty?What
potentialdoesMore seefor the individual without the burdenof privateproperty? Do
you agree?Is More a forerunnerof modemsocialism,asEngelsargued?
11. Why doesMore, a devoutCatholic,createa utopiawithout Christianity?

WEEK 5
Empire and "Other"
Tuesday, February 2th

VVednesday, February 3rd

Thursday, February 4th

3: 15pm Plenary:The Arthasastraand Indian Political Theory

Mark Mancall,SLE
6:30pm Lecture: The Riseof Islam and Its Spreadto India
Mark Mancall,SLE
3: 15pm DiscussionSections
6:30pm The Lusiads
Prof. FranciscoLopes,Spanishand Portuguese
3: 15pm DiscussionSections
6:00pm Film: The Man Who ~ould Be King

Reading:
Camoens,The Lusiads
Embree,Sourcesof Indian Tradition (copiedselections)

***********************************************************************
Study

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.

Questions

How doesthe Hindu ideaof kingshipdiffer from the Greek? From the Hebrew?
Is therea different Muslim ideaof kingship?
What function does "law" play in Hindu political theory as representedin this
readings? In Muslim political theory?

How do the Hindu and Muslim documentscomparewith The Prince?

Do any or all of thesepolitical theories- Hindu, Muslim, Mochiavellian-- have
universaldimensions?How, for example,would a Westernsocietylook if it were
governedaccordingto the Hindu prescriptions?
Canyou makeany connectionsretweenthe political theoryrepresentedin these
Hindu selectionsand the Indianepicsyou readlast quarter?
In what ways is the Lusiads an epic in the classical senseof the term, as you
understand it?
Does it make any difference that we know so much about Camoensand so little about
Homer?

9. Why do you think Camoenschoseto write in this style?

10. What values does Camoens value, and how do they compare
represented

with the values

in the (Xt~ssey?

11. What arethe ideologicalbasesof the Lusiads?In what waysis this an "imperialist"
work? Is therea differenceretween"imperial"and "imperialist"?
12. How are the Indians and other non-Portuguese portrayed in this work? How do they
compare with the Portuguese?

WEEK 6
The Secularization of Popular Culture
Monday, February 8th
Tuesday, February 9th

5:00pm PAPER#3 DUE

3: 15pm Aenary: [k)n Quixote
Prof. LawrenceRyan. English
6:30pm Lecture:Anton~andCleoootra
Prof. Ron Rebholz.English
Wednesday, February 10th 3:15pm DiscussionSections
6:30pm The Riseof Capitalism

Thursday,

February

11th

Mark Mancali. SLE

3: 15pm Discussion Sections

6:00pm Film: JuliusCaesar

Reading:
Cervantes,Don Quixote: Part 1: Prologue,Cbs. 1-8, 18-22,52, pp. 515
Part 2: Prologue,Cbs. 1-4,22,23,26,30-33,41,74
Shakespeare,
Anton~ and Cleomtra
Gay and Webb: pp. 214 - 233
************************************************************************
Study Questions

1
2.
3.

4
5
6.

7.
8
9,

What causesDon Quixoteto leavehis homeandemOOrk

uponhis quest? What is it
abouthis mannerof life that causeshim to leave?
What cluesdoesQuixote'sphysicalap~ce
provideaoouthis character?
Why is it important that Don Quixote receive the knighthoc:xlfrom someb<:xlyelse?
Why does he need social reoognition of his knightly status?

What rolesdo the varioussecondarycharactersplay? In what waysdo they

encoumgeDon Quixote in his quest?In what waysdo they try to stophim?
In chapters11-14,
Cervantespresentsthe pastoralworld. What characterizesit? What
makeshis view of it pessimistic?Is his treatmentof it in ~n Ouixotea rejectionof
the pastomlworld?
What is Cervantes'attitudetowardBooksof Chivalry? What fonDSthe basisfor his
opinion? Is it ~sible to view ~n Quixoteasjust anotherBook of Chivalry?
In what way is Don Quixote'slove for Dulcineaessentialto his questfor the knightly
i<k:al?
Does~n Quixotereally renouncethe ChivalricCodeon his deathbed?
It hasbeensaidthat what seJ::mates
a classicwork of art from ordinary works is its
ability to RliveRandcontinueto grow long after its creation. Is ~n Quixotea classic
work of art? Doesit live for you today?

Week 7
The Idea of Science
Tuesday, February 16th

1:00pm PAPER#4DUE
3: ISpm Aenary:The ScientificRevolution
Prof DennisPhilli~t Philosophyand Education
6:00pm Lecture:Descartes

Prof.JohnPerryt Philosophy
Wednesday, February 17th 3:15pm DiscussionSections
6:30pm NO LEcrURE
Thursday, February 18th
3:15pn DiscussionSections
6:00pm Rim: TBA
Reading:

"

Galileo Galilei (copied selections)

!
Rene Descartes,Meditations Concemin2 First Atiloooohv: I.II,III'm
Gay and Webb: pp. 233 - 246
i,

(ca 1641)

************************************************************************
Study Questions
Is therea necessary
conflict betweenscienceandreligion?
What traditionalviews werethreatened
by thecontroversyover the positionof the
earthin the ~lar system?Why is Galileo~ hostileto Aristotle?
Doesthe lay public haveany role to play in science?What is the relationof scienceto
3.
other institutionsof society?
What is Galileo'sdebt to Platoand Renaissance
Neo-Aatonism?
4.
What
is
the
importance
of
Oalileo's
distinction
between
objectiveand subjective
5.
qualitiesof matter?
What did Oalileo meanby 8inten'Ogating
namre8?
6.
Would
"I
doubt.
therefore
I
am"
be
as
indubitable
as "I think. thereforeI am"? Why
7.
is the latterquestion~ crucialto Descartes?
Descartesfind it difficult to koow that physicalobjectsexist?
8. Why <k:>es
How
does
Descartesknow that the mind andthe bcxiyare two distinct "sumtances"?
9.
~ attractive?
10. Why doesDescartesfind the 8geomebicalmetlKJd8
Sup~
you
are
asleep;
does
the
"I"
no
longer
exist?
11.
12. Is Descartes'doctrineof innateideasthe sameasPlato's"theory of ideas"?
1
2

WEEK 8
Political Theory
Tuesday, February 23rd

3: 15pm Plenary:The Enlightenment

Prof. Carolyn Lougee, History
6:30pm Lecture: John Locke

Wednesday,
Thursday,

February
February

24th
25th

Prof. Brad Wilburn, Philosophy

3:15pm Discussion Sections

6:30pm Lecture:Rousseau
Jon Reider,SLE
3: 15pm DiscussionSections
6:00pm Live Performance:SLE.Players

Reading:

John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government Chs. 1-5,7-9

Jean-JacquesRousseau,The Social Contract

Gay and Webb: pp. 334 - 375

************************************************************************
Study Questions

1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

6.

7
8.
9.

How do you interpret Rousseau's

statement"Man is born free, and everywherehe is
in chains"? Why would he want to renderthosechains"legitimate?"
How importantis the socialcontractin the SocialContract?
What is the relationshipof the individualto the communityin the SocialContract?
What is the "generalwill?" Whatis "thewill of all?" Which correspondswith our
contemporaryviews of pluralism? Whattrenchantcriticismsof our societyis implied
by Rousseau'sanalysis?
What is the role of the legislator?Do you readR~u
asa totalitarian.a democrat.
or somethingelse? What arethe similaritiesanddifferencesbetweenRousseauand
other political thinkerssuchasPlatoandMore?
What is "popularsovereignty?"Describea Rousseauian
democracy.What would
Rousseauthink of representation,
of "checksand balances,"of federalism,of
republicanism?
According

to Rousseau, is private property

legitimate

or illegitimate?

What is your

opinion?

Does Locke define "human nature"? What are the basic psychological principle's of
Locke's view of human nature? How do his political principles grow out of his
psychology?

What is the differencebetween"liberty" and "license"in Locke?

Why does Locke argue we have a private right to property in nature? How does the
invention of money affect the right to property? Do you agree that the poorest wage
laborer in England is better off than the richest Indian Chief in America?

10. What is Locke'scritique of slavery?of suicide?

11. Locke speaksof the ways we are equal. In what respectsdoeshe assumewe are not
equal?What kindsof inequalityarelegitimate?
12. What arethe traditionalelementsof Locke'sthought? What is radically new?
13. What did the American Founding Fathersborrow from Locke? What did they leave
behind?

14. What does the statement. "All Americans are unconcious Lockeians," mean? Do you
think it is true? Is it a good thing?

WEEK 9
The French Revolution
Tueday, March 2nd

Wednesday, March 3rd

Thursday, March 4th

3: 15pm Plenary:The FrenchRevolution

Prof. Mary Lou Roberts,History
6:30pm Lecture:Mary Wollstonecraft
Mollie SchwartzRosenhan,SLE
3:15pm DiscussionSections
6:30pm Lecture:War andp~
3: 15pm

Prof. Stephen Moeller-Sally,

Discussion Sections

Slavic

Studies

6:00pm Film: Marat-Sade

Reading:
Tolstoy, War and Peace
Wollstonecraft(copiedselections)
"Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen" (copied selecti~)
Gay and Webb: pp. 458 - 500

****************************************************~*******************

Study

1.
2.
3.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.

Questions

The French Revolution

What is the bourgei~?

is often characterized as a bourgeios revolution.

Explain.
How is it different from earlier "middle-classes?"

How doesthe conceptof "nation"("patrie") becomede[medby the ideology and

eventsof the FrenchRevolution?
What rights doesthe "Declarationof the Rightsof Man and the Citizen" protect?
National identity is an importantthemein War andPeace.How doesTolstoy
representthe ideaof Russianness?
How doeshe representother nationalities?
The novel might be saidto containfestivitiesof peaceand festivitiesof war. How
would you comJX1re
thesefestivities,for exampleOOllsand oottles?
How doesTolstoy depict moral insightsanddecisionsin War and Peace?
What is Tolstoy's philosophy of history? How does he represent it in the novel?
What role does family play in War and Peace? How would you comJX1re,for
example, the Rostovs and the Bolkonskiis?
Why does Mary Wollstonecmft feel compelled to write a Declaration of the Rights of
Women? What is her agenda?

WEEK 10
Republic andEmpire
Tuesday, March 9th

Wednesday, March 10th

3: 15pm Plenary:NalX>leon
andthe Modem Empire
Prof. StephenMooller-Sally,Slavic
6:30pm Lecture: The IndustrialRevolution
Prof. Phillip Wainwright, History
3: 15pm DiscussionSections

Reading:
Tolstoy, War and Peace(continued)
Gay and Webb: pp. 405 - 417; 501- 536
***********************************************************************
Study Questions

1.
2.

What are the consequencesof the French Revolution for Europe? ~

Napoleon
liberate the countries or stateswhich he conquers?
According to historian Eric Hobsoowm, the end of the 18th century ushers in the
"dual revolution." Explain. What is does the Industrial Revolution revolutionize?
Were these two "revolutions" mutually exclusive or inextricably round to one
another?

FINAL EXAMS DUE MONDAY, MARCH 15th, 12:00 NOON

WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
WINTER QUARTER
1993

PAPER #1
PAPER #2

7 pages
7 pages

Due Tuesday, january 19th, 1:00 pm

Due Monday, january 25th, 5:00 pm

Discuss the role of violence in the formation of the state, or in the maintenance of
the Empire in two of the following: Virgil, Livy, Tacitus.

PAPER #3
PAPER

#4

7 pages
7 pages

Due Monday, February 8th at 5:00 pm

Due Tuesday,February 16th at 1:00 pm

Machiavelli, Kautilya and the rulers of the Mogul Empire were members of
significantly different cultures. All, however, were concerned with kingship.
What kind of societydoeseachenvision? What is the relation$hipof morality or
ethicsto the statefor eachof them? How doeseachview the ro~eof religion in the
state? How does Muslim political theory in India differ from Kautilya's ideas?
Considerthesequestionswhen addressingthe issueof kingship.