Coating Application in Textile

Coatings and their applications
in textiles
G. Buyle MIICS 2012
Textiles various applications
G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314
Outline

Introduction Centexbel
Basic textile coating
Advanced coating techniques
Examples of applications
Acknowledgements
Research at Centexbel on topic smart
textiles enabled via several research
projects
Acknowledgement of the funding agencies
on different levels:
Regional: IWT
National: BELSPO
European: FP6 and FP7 programmes
Acknowledgement of the numerous

partners (both from academia and
industry) worked with in these projects
Outline

Centexbel: centre of competence

collective research and technical centre
membership organisation
Belgian textile companies
associated (international) member companies and
organisations
staff
140 skilled and highly educated men and women
Research groups
Three domains:
Functional thermoplastic textiles: compounding, extrusion, (bio)
polymers, nano-additives, textile reinforced composites,
Textile functionalisation and surface modification: coating &
finishing, sol gel, plasma treatment, lamination, hot melt,
Health, safety & security: medical and bio-functional textiles, smart
textiles, thermo-physiological comfort,
textile functionalisation and

surface modification
Coating, finishing and surface modification for new and superior

functional performance
textiles with multifunctional properties
modifying textile surfaces using coating, plasma functionalisation, UV
curing, hot melt, sol gel,
new sustainable technologies
Testing laboratories
Laboratories (ISO 17025 accredited):
Physical:
E.g. breathability, outdoor ageing
Chemical:
E.g. chemical analysis, microscopy
Microbiological:
E.g. antimicrobial effect, biodegradability
Fire:
E.g. burning behaviour, smoke toxicity
Centexbel is recognized by large distribution companies,

consumers associations, OEMs,
(pre-)standardisation
Active participation/leading role in

standardisation committees (CEN & ISO)
Sector operator
Centexbel leads
Mirror committees
WG31 Smart Textiles
(in CEN TC248)
Outline

Vision: textile as flexible carrier for

offering specific functionalisation(s)
Light Reflection
Fire Retardant
Biocompatible
Anti abrasion
Breathable
Self cleaning
Water repellency
Fragrance release
Electrically conductive
Thermal insulation
Antibacterial
Bioresponsive
Three levels of coating fabrics

Fabric
level
Traditional
coating
Yarn
level
Filament/
fibre
level
Advanced
techniques
e.g. plasma
coating
Materials
Textile coating typically
comprises 2 parts:
Example nanoparticles
for textile coating
Binder for durability

(washing, abrasion)
Additives for functionality
Materials for binder:

Polyacrylate
Polyurethane
Polyvinylchloride
NP
Matrix/binder
Example: lamination of membrane

in-between two textile fabrics
Knitted fabric
Coating
Membrane
Coating
Woven fabric
Example:
Fire Retardant coating for carpet
Coating application
Carpet coating analysis

via XRF mapping
Carpet structure
FR additives
Ti
Sb
Br
Example:
PVC coated polyester fabric
Textile architecture
Tarpaulins for trucks
Classical techniques:
Wet techniques:
Formulation: solvent or water based
Application unit: padding/ immersion,
knife coating, transfer coating, foam
coating,
Typical add-on: 20-50g/m2
Multitude of advantages:
Robust
Large scale
Relatively simple equipment
Immersion
Mayer bar
Classical techniques:
typical coating line
Wet technique need for ovens energy issue

Long only profitable for large batches
Search for novel techniques because

of drawbacks/limitations
Drivers:
Economy:
ability to run smaller production batch sizes digital
reduce energy use dry techniques
Performance:
minimal thickness or add-on
accuracy, uniformity
Ecology:
more healthy products (e.g. prevention of phthalates)
use of bio-based and/or bio-degradable
Hot melt: basics

Hot melt:

100% system
(granulates, blocks,)
Melting of the polymer
Application as melt
Solidifying Coating
Materials: PE, PP, PES, PA,
EVA, TPU, silicone
Source: www.robatech.com
Two main groups (curing based):

Thermoplastic hot melts:

Solidifying via cooling
Reactive hot melts:
Solidifying via cooling + drying or UV irradiation
UV curable coatings
IR source
IR
UV
UV source
Textile
substrate
Coating
application
Curing
Polyolefine-coatings (1/2)
POD = polyolefine dispersion in water, suitable
for standard application techniques
Source: Dow
Polyolefine-coatings (2/2)
PODs have unique advantages:
Solvent-free solution
High solid content (typically 40 to 55 wt%)
Functionalisation possible
Functionalisation:
Possible to mix in active components
Examples: FR, antimicrobial, conductive
Goal: replace some of the PVC

applications (prevention of phthalates)
Outline


ALD
Evaporation
Magnetron sputtering
Atmospheric Plasma coating
ALD technique - introduction

Deposition via ALD:
Atomic Layer Deposition
Process at low pressures
(in vacuum chamber)
highly conformal coatings
Standard
technique
ALD
technique
Advantages for textile:

Example: ALD deposition on cotton fibres
Extremely high conformality
Possibility to have anti-corrosion layer
Cross section: cotton fibre with ALD coating

Source: Hyde et al.
ALD deposition into

non woven substrate
Example*: ALD deposition on non woven (NW):
Al-oxide (Al2O3) deposition
PES NW cube dimensions: side = 3.5cm
XPS analysis: penetration of coating ?
Outside
Inside
Deposition is uniform throughout the sample

* TMMETACEL, in collaboration with UGent - www.ald.ugent.be

ALD
Evaporation
Evaporation for textiles

Evaporation is feasible on textile
Use of existing (large scale)
equipment
Offered via toll manufacturing
Applications:
UV and/ or IR reflection layers
Conductive layers
Antimicrobial layers

Source: Alupa

ALD
Evaporation
Magnetron sputtering on textile

Commercially available: silver
coated PA monofilament
Use:
Textile electrodes
Antimicrobial textile
But cost factor !!!
Bron: Tersuisse Multifils
Most Luxurious Necktie Ever ? ...

Retailing at 7,500 Swiss francs (or roughly $8,450) apiece, each tie will comprise
8 grams of 24-karat gold,
Gold coated silk
Source: www.ecouterre.com

ALD
Evaporation
Atmospheric plasma coating

Plasma source
Precursor
Plasma
Textile substrate
Plasma + Precursor (chosen according to the desired properties)
Coating possible permanent change of the surface properties
Crucial: interaction between precursor, substrate and plasma
Atmospheric plasma coating

equipment*
Key properties:
For wide substrates (up to 40 cm)
Corona + possibility to add liquid precursor
* Available through cooperation with Univ. College Ghent
Example: surface analysis

antimicrobial coating
XPS and ToF-SIMS chemical composition
Size = 5x5mm2, color = specific for chemical group, PES fabric
Untreated
Badly treated
Uniformly treated
Outline

Electrical conductivity: integration of

carbon nanotubes in textile coatings
Acrylic based coating with increasing CNT content:
Resistivity (Ohm)
Highly flexible textile coatings

Conductivity starts at 4 wt% CNT, resistivity down to 60 (!)
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0
wt % CNT
10
SEM pictures: coated fibre with well

distributed CNT network
Application: Integration
of solar cells in textile
Solar cells require
(highly) conductive
layers
Potential application:
directly coating on
textile materials
e.g. tents, screens,
backpacks, garments
Coated fabric
Flexible textile
solar cell
Application: conductive yarn via CNT,

used in antistatic fabrics
Patent pending
(EP2011002735)
Antistatic fabric
Self Healing properties

Several principles exist for reaching self-healing
(mixing of substances when crack/scratch appears)
Own development for textile:
Freshly scratched
After self-healing
Abrasion resistance via

sol-gel chemistry for textiles
Characteristics:
Existing technology for coating on
glass surfaces
Sustainable layers of eg. Si-O-Si
(~glass)
Adapted to textiles
(lower curing temperature)
Nano-porous surface,
thickness ca. 100nm
Superior abrasion properties !
Abrasion test
Reference
Sol gel
Bioresponsive coatings
Smart dressings for burn wounds: the wound dressing
releases antimicrobials when needed and signals an
(upcoming) infection via dye release
1.
2.
Stabilised nanocapsules
containing "switched off"
dye and antimicrobial
3.
Pathogenic bacteria
release toxins and
enzymes opening
of nanocapsules shell
Nanocapsules release
signaling molecules
and antimicrobials
Development of PV cells and

batteries at fibre level
Summary
(Coated) Textiles have a broad range of applications.
Both for garments and for technical textiles
Coating enables textile as flexible functionality carrier
The classical techniques dominate.
Relatively simple, reliable, large scale
Continuous search for novel methods, materials and
applications.
Methods: energy consumption , accuracy
Materials: bio-, nano-
Applications: electrical conductive, bioresponsive,
Contact
Contact info:
Guy Buyle
Centexbel
Technologiepark 7
9052 Zwijnaarde
BELGIUM
www.centexbel.be
Tel: +32 9 220 41 51
Fax: +32 9 220 49 55
Guy.Buyle@centexbel.be

Coating Application in Textile

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Coating Application in Textile

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

Coatings and their applications

Textiles various applications

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Acknowledgement of the numerous

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Centexbel: centre of competence

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

textile functionalisation and

Coating, finishing and surface modification for new and superior

Centexbel is recognized by large distribution companies,

Active participation/leading role in

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Vision: textile as flexible carrier for

Three levels of coating fabrics

Binder for durability

Materials for binder:

Example: lamination of membrane

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Carpet coating analysis

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Tarpaulins for trucks

Wet technique need for ovens energy issue

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Search for novel techniques because

Hot melt: basics

Two main groups (curing based):

Thermoplastic hot melts:

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Goal: replace some of the PVC

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Advanced coating techniques

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

ALD technique - introduction

Advantages for textile:

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Cross section: cotton fibre with ALD coating

ALD deposition into

Deposition is uniform throughout the sample

* TMMETACEL, in collaboration with UGent - www.ald.ugent.be

Advanced coating techniques

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Evaporation for textiles

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Advanced coating techniques

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Magnetron sputtering on textile

But cost factor !!!

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Bron: Tersuisse Multifils

Most Luxurious Necktie Ever ? ...

Gold coated silk

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Advanced coating techniques

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

Atmospheric plasma coating

Atmospheric plasma coating

* Available through cooperation with Univ. College Ghent

Example: surface analysis

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314

G. Buyle - MIICS - 20120314