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6. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES, EQUIPMENT AND PRACTICES
Question bank

UNIT I - CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

PART-A
1) What are all the types of cement?
2) Write the ASTM classifications of cement?
3) What are all the uses of rapid hardening cement?
4) Write the usage of quick settling cement?
5) Define hydration of the cement?
6) Differentiate dry process and wet process of manufacturing cement?

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7) Define batching, what are all the methods of batching?

8) What are all the raw materials of the cement?

9) Write notes on steam curing.

10) Define non destructive testing.

11) Write the requirement of supervision needed when concreting.

12) What are all the transporting equipment needed to transport the concrete?

13) Which is the efficient type of vibrator used to compact the concrete?

14) What are all the types of concrete test?

PART-B

15) Explain the manufacturing of cement with neat sketches and flow chart

16) Explain briefly about the chemicals used in concrete and their advantages

17) Write the step by step procedure for BIS mix design
18) Explain the procedure of compression test on concrete
19) What are all the different types of curing of concrete explain detailedly
20) What are all the different methods adopting to transport concrete explain detailedly?

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UNIT II - CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
PART-A
21) What are all the steps involved in site clearance?
22) How will you mark a site for setting out a foundation?
23) Define the term masonry.
24) Explain the sequence of operation in construction with an example.
25) What is composite masonry?
26) What are all the types of ashlar masonry?
27) Differentiate English bond and Flemish bond.
28) Write notes on zig-zag bond

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29) Write notes on temporary shed

30) What are all the types of scaffolding?

31) Write notes on centring
32) Define dampness

33) What are all the causes of dampness?

34) What are all the types of damp proofing courses?

35) What are all the different types of bonds in masonry

PART-B

36) Write the fire protective requirement of the building

37) Explain the various types of foundation with neat sketches

38) Explain the various types of stone masonry with neat sketches

39) Make a comparison between stone masonry and brick masonry

40) Explain the various types of flooring with neat sketches
41) Explain the various types of trusses with neat sketches
42) Explain the various types of roof finishes with neat sketches
43) Write notes on acoustic of the building
44) Write the step by step procedure of laying of brick
45) What are all the various types of roof finishes

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UNIT III - SUB STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION
PART-A
46) Define box jacking
47) Differentiate pie jacking and box jacking
48) Write notes on under water construction of diaphragm walls
49) What are all the techniques adopted for tunneling?
50) What are all te different types of coffer dams?
51) Write short note on well foundation.
52) Write notes on sheet piles.
53) Define anchoring.

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54) What is well point explain?
55) Define dewatering?

PART-B

56) Explain under water construction of diaphragm walls with neat sketches.

57) Write the operation procedure for caissons

58) Explain the various types of sheet piles.
59) Explain the methods of piling

60) Write notes on Dewatering and stand by Plant equipment for underground open excavation.

UNIT IV - SUPER STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION

PART-A

61) Define bridge decks

62) What are all the types of off shore platforms?

63) What are all the specials forms for shells?
64) What is the major technique adopted for heavy decks?
65) Define the term pre stress concrete
66) Define sky scrapers
67) Define articulated structures
68) What are all the light weight components of tall structures?
69) Define support structures

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70) What are all the types of domes?
71) What are all the usage of adopting domes?
72) Define space decks
73) What are all the usage of space decks
74) What is all the usage of pre stress concrete?
PART-B
75) Write notes on material handling
76) Explain the types of bridge decks with sketch
77) What is the procedure of erecting heavy decks
78) Write detailed notes on erecting light weight components on tall structures

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79) Explain the method of Erection of articulated structures

80) Write notes on braced domes and space decks

UNIT V - CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

PART-A

81) What are all the major earth moving operations?

82) Define tractors.

83) What are all the operations conducted with the help of tractors?
84) Write the parts of a motor graders.
85) Define scrapers.

86) What are all the parts of scraper?

87) How can scrapers help to increase the speed of construction?

88) Write short notes on earth movers.
89) What are all the various forms of earth movers?
90) Write short notes on pile driving equipment.
91) Differentiate single acting hammer and double acting hammer
92) What are all the compacting equipments?
93) What is TBM explain shortly.
94) What is the need of equipment management in site?

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PART-B
95) Write notes on trenching equipment.
96) What are all the points should be considered while selecting an earth work equipment
97) Explain the important and working of tractors and scrapers.
98) Explain the equipment used for mixing and compaction of concrete.
99) Explain briefly about the various pile driving equipments.
100) Write notes on equipment used for erection of structures.

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7. SURVEYING-I
Question Bank
_______________________________________________________________________
UNIT-I INTRODUCTION AND CHAIN SURVEYING
1. Define surveying.
2. State two primary divisions of surveying.
3. Enumerate the fundamental parameters of surveying measurement?
4. State the basic principles of surveying.
5. State the basic assumptions of plane surveying.
6. Differentiate between plan and map.
7. Enumerate the essential elements of a map.
8. What are the classifications of survey?
9. What do you understand by measurement in surveying practice?

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10. Define significant figures and rounding off of a measurement. Explain their relevance in
surveying.

11. List the different types of errors in survey measurement and state their significance

12. Describe how you would range a survey line between two stations which are not intervisible?
13. What do you mean by limiting length of off set in chain surveying?

14. What are the equipments used to measure right angle in the chain surveying?
15. Enumerate the instruments used for measurement of lengths of survey lines

16. Distinguish between perpendicular offset and oblique offset, with neat sketches.
17. Which of the following scale is the smallest and largest respectively:

(i) 1 cm = 10 meter. (ii) 1: 10,000. (iii) R.F=1/100, 000 (iii) 1cm=1000 Km

18. The distance between two stations were repeated 10 times and observed to be as follows: 500.335m,

500.360m; 501.345m, 500.395m, 500.420m, 500.355m, 500.315m, 500.360m, 500.415m, and 500.325m.
Justify, if there is any observation having gross error.

19. Illustrate with neat sketches, various types of obstacles encountered in chain surveying.
20. A survey line PQ intersects a pond. To overcome these obstacle two stations A and B were taken on
either side of the pond. A line AC, 90 m long was laid down on the left of AB, and a second line AD,
130 m long was laid down on the right of AB. If points C, B and D are on the same straight line and
CB = 75 m and BD = 78 m, determine the length AB.

UNIT-II COMPASS SURVEYING AND PLANE TABLE SURVEYING

1.

Tabulate the differences between different types of meridians along with differences in their utilities.

2.

What is magnetic declination?

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CHENNAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

3.

What do you understand by plane table survey? What are the advantages and dis-advantages of
Plane Tabling? List the different accessories used in plane tabling along with their uses.

4.

Describe the steps involved in setting up of a Plane Table.

5.

Explain the different operation involved in temporary adjustment of plane table surveying.

6.

Enumerate the different types of plane tabling and highlight the topographical conditions under each
is generally used.

7.

Describe the method of orientation of plane table by Backsight method.

8.

Define "three point problem" in Plane Tabling.

9.

What do you understand by "Trial and Error" method of solving Three point problem?

10. Explain the basic Lehmann's Rule for reducing the number of trials. Further, state the additional
rules for special cases.
11. Define Bearing.
12. Define Dip and Declination
13. Define local attraction

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14. Define W.C.B.

15. What is the use of plane table Survey?

16. Draw and explain the prismatic compass.

17. Write merits and demerits of the plane table.

18. Explain the instruments used in plane table surveying

19. Explain two point problem with diagram

20. Explain Bessels method with diagram.

21. Define bearing of lines and true meridian in compass surveying.

22. What is orienting the table in plane table surveys?

23. What do you understand by quadrantal bearing of a line?

24. What is plane table surveying? When is it preferred?

25. A survey line AB crosses a river obliquely. P and Q are two points selected on the

line one at each end of the river. Another line EPF is run parallel to the centre line

of the river and point E is such that angle QEP is right angle and EP = PF = 100 m.
A third point G is set at a distance of 150 m from P such that angle GFP is also right
angle. Compute the distance PQ.
26. The magnetic bearing of a line was found to be N 60 30' W in 1992, when the
declination was 5 10' E. find its present magnetic bearing, if declination is 3 W.
27. The bearing taken for two lines are as follows:
Line

Fore Bearing

Back Bearing

AB

S 37 30' E

322 30' (WCB)

BC

223 15' (WCB)

N 44 15' E

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Compute the interior angle at B.
28. Following are the observed magnetic bearings of the traverse legs:
Line

PQ

QR

RS

SP

FB

74 20'

107 20'

224 50'

200 15'

BB

256 00'

286 20'

44 50'

126 00'

29. At what stations local attraction is suspected? Determine the correct bearings of the traverse legs and
also calculate the included angles.
30. What are the precautions to be adopted in using the Compass?
31. The bearings of the sides of a traverse ABCDE are as follows :
Side

Fore bearing

Back bearing

AB

107 15'

287 15'

BC

22 0'

202 0'

CD

281 30'

101 30'

DE

189 15'

EA

124 45'

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9 15'

304 45'

Compute the interior angles of the traverse.

UNIT-III LEVELLING AND APPLICATIONS

1. Why levels are usually called as spirit level?

2. Explain the importance of level tube in a leveling instrument.

3. Explain the chief feature of a digital level.

4. State the differences in the temporary adjustment of a dumpy level and an IOP level.
5. State the difference between a dumpy level and a digital level.

6. Enumerate the order in which the permanent adjustment of a tilting level are carried out.

7. Describe the two peg method of permanent adjustment of a dumpy level State and explain the basic
principle of leveling.

8. Enumerate the difference between rise and fall method (of reduction of level) and height of
instrument method.

9. Enlist the classification of levelling.

10. What are the special features of precise system of levelling?
11. What are the uses of contours?
12. How do you compute the reservoir volume?
13. Define sensitivity of a bubble tube. State any two factors affecting the same.
14. Distinguish between differential levelling and reciprocal leveling

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15. What do you understand by reciprocal leveling

16. What are the different types of levelling instruments used in leveling.
17. In the two-peg test of a level, the following observations are taken:
Instrument at
M

Staff reading on A

3.612 m

1.862 m

Staff reading on B

3.248 m

0.946

M is equidistant from A and B, P is 40 m from A and 240 m from B. What is the true difference in
elevation between the two points? With the level in the same position at P, to what staff reading on B
should the line of sight be adjusted? What is the corresponding staff reading on A for a horizontal
line of sight? Check these two staff readings against the true difference in elevation, previously
determined.

18. Data from a differential leveling have been found in the order of B.S., F.S..... etc. starting with the

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initial reading on B.M. (elevation 150.485 m) are as follows : 1.205, 1.860, 0.125, 1.915, 0.395, 2.615,
0.880, 1.760, 1.960, 0.920, 2.595, 0.915, 2.255, 0.515, 2.305, 1.170. The final reading closes on B.M..

Put the data in a complete field note form and carry out reduction of level by Height of instrument
method. All units are in meters.

19. The following reciprocal levels were taken on two stations P and Q:
Instrument

Average near readings,

Average distant,

station

meter

readings, meter

2.165

3.810

2.335

0.910

R.L of P = 101.345 m

Distance, PQ = 1645 Km

Determine the elevation of Q and the error due to refraction when the collimation error is 0.003m
downward per 100m.

20. A surveyor standing on seashore can just see the top of a ship through the telescope of a levelling

instrument. The height of the line of sight at instrument location is 1.65 meter above msl and the top
of ship is 50 meter above sea level. How far is the ship from the surveyor?

21. The following notes refer to the reciprocal levels taken with one level:
Staff Readings on

Remarks

Instrument Station
Near Station

Further station

1.03

1.630

Distance PQ = 800 m

2.74

0.950

R.L. of P = 450 m

Find (i) the true R.L. of Q;

combined correction for curvature and refraction

the error in collimation adjustment of the instrument.

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22. The areas enclosed by contours on the upstream face of dam in a hydro-electric project as
Contour (m)

800

790

780

770

760

750

740

730

Area (hectares)

31.41

26.74

24.89

22.23

19.37

17.74

12.91

5.35

The lowest draw down level is 733 m. compute the full reservoir capacity

23. In levelling between two points A and B on opposite banks of a river, the level was set up near A and
the staff readings on A and B were 1.60 m and 2.44 m respectively. The level was then moved and set
up near B, and the respective readings on A and B were 0.70 and 1.26. Find the true difference of
level between A and B.

24. Explain profile levelling with suitable example.

25. Enlist and explain the types of errors in leveling.
26. The following perpendicular offsets were taken from a chain line to a hedge :
Chainage in m 0

10

20

40

60

Offset in m

6.10

7.63

4.58

5.49

8.54

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Calculate the area between the chain line and the hedge using Simpsons method.

27. Write about the Prismoidal Correction to be applied to volume computation.

UNIT-IV THEODALOITE SURVEYING

1. Enumereate the different parts of a vernier theodolite and explain their function.

2. Differentiate between Clamp screw and Tangent screw.

3. What do you mean by temporary 'adjustment' of a theodolite ?

4. Describe in breif the steps of temporary adjustment in proper order.

5. Enumerate the fundamental lines of a theodolite instrument and state their relationship in a
permanently adjusted instrument

6. Explain the use of Bowditchs rule in traverse computation.

7. Name the different cases of omitted measurements in theodolite surveying.

8. How is a simple curve set out by using one theodolite and one chain?

9. Name the two methods of measuring horizontal angles using a theodolite.

10. What is an anallatic lens?
11. In order to reduce the error in measurement of vertical angle a set of measurements are taken and
find the average angle as 9 02' 05? form a height of instrument as 1.565m to a target height 2.165m.
If the elevation of the instrument station is 189.250m above mean sea level, find the elevation of staff
station. Assume any data, if required.

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12. Calculate the independent coordinates of the stations from the following observation of a traverse
assuming independent coordinates of station A as (10000, 10000):
Line

AB

BC

CD

DE

EA

Length (m)

89.31

219.76

151.18

159.10

232.26

WCB

45 10'

72 05'

161 52'

228 43'

300 42'

Use Bowditch Rule for adjustment of errors.

13. In a traverse ABCDEFG, the line BA is taken as the reference meredian, the coordinates of the sides
AB, BC, CD, DE and EF are
Line

AB

BC

CD

DE

EF

Northing (m)

1190.9

565.3

590.5

606.9

1017.2

Easting

736.4

796.8

-468.0

370.4

If the bearing of FG is 284 13' and its length is 896.0m, find the length and bearing of GA.

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14. In a closed traverse ABCDE running anti-clockwise, calculate the missing data:
Line

Length (m)

W.C.B.

AB

343.56

245 18'

BC

371.08

CD

113 37'

DE

417.66

37 25'

EA

457.25

321 42'

15. State and explain omitted measurements in theodolite surveying.

16. The interior angles of a closed traverse ABCDEF are as follows :
, 60 40'; , 201 38'; , 93 19'; , 69 48'; , 210 13' and , 84 22'.
Compute the deflection angles of the traverse.

UNIT-V ENGINEERING SURVEYS

1.

Briefly explain reverse curves and shift of a transition curve

2.

.State the relationship between the radius of a curve and the degree of the curve.

3.

What are transition curves?

4.

A railway curve is to be tangential to each of the following lines:

5.

Lines

6.

W.C.B.

7.

Length (m)

8.

AB

9.

10. -

11. BC

12. 90

13. 220

14. CD

15. 140

16. -

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Determine the salient parameters of the simple circular curve.
17. Two straights AB and BC meet in an inaccessible point B and are to be connected by a simple curve
of 600 m radius. Two points P and Q were selected on AB and BC respectively and the following data
were obtained.
R APQ = 150, R CQP = 160, PQ = 150.0 m
18. Calculate the salient elements of the simple circular curve. Considering the chainage of point P to be
1000 m.
19. Two tangents intersect at chainage 2380 m, the deflection angle being 50 30'. Compute the necessary
data for setting out a 5.7 curve to connect the two tangents if it is intended to set out the curve by
Rankine's Method of tangential angles. Take the length of the normal chord as 30 m. Also, tabulate
the values of the deflection angles for setting out with a theodolite having least count of 20".
20. Two straights AB and BC meet at an inaccessible point B. They are to be connected by a simple
circular curve of 500 m radius. Two points P and Q are selected on AB and BC respectively, and the
following data are obtained: RAPQ = 157 22' ; RCQP = 164 38' ; PQ = 200 m.

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21. Calculate the necessary data for setting out the curve by the method of deflection angle. The nominal
length of chord is 30 m. Assume any data missing.

22. A transition curve of length 230 m joins a straight to a circular curve of radius 800 m. What is the

angle turned by the transition curve and what is the necessary shift?. Find the length of offset to the
transition at a distance 150 m from the short along the tangent.

23. Two straights AB and BC intersect at chainage 1000 m, the deflection angle being 40. It is proposed
to insert a right-handed circular curve 400 m radius with a cubic parabola of 90 m length at each

end. The circular curve is to be set out with pegs at 20 m intervals and the transition curves at 10 m
intervals. Find the

24. Chainage at the begining and end of the combined curve

25. Chainages at the junction of the transition curve with circular curves
26. tangential angles for the first two points on the first transition curve
27. tangential angles for the first two points on the circular curves

28. Enumerate the classification of curves in Engineering surveys.

29. Two straights intersect at a deflection angle of 80? and are connected by a circular curve of radius 10
chains. Find the length of each end tangent, the curve, and the long chord, the Apex distance;
the Mid ordinate of the curve and the Degree of the curve.

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