3 Safety and danger

Reading

SB pages 3840

War and peace

Gapped text Paper 1 Part 3

A
First World War. Russia entered the war in August
1914. The mood and atmosphere created in the extract
also serve to give a strong impression of the period.

D
the writer
in my elation, subject myself to the rigours of a harsh
routine, divert me from my intellectual work, reached an
impasse, morbid despair, pleased to see a fellow
soldier
Georg
staring intently at the table top, ferocious concentration
of his gaze, put people off, I detest this sun and this city,
I want to be lonely, pollute my mind talking to people,
preserve me from sanity
Georg seems the more pessimistic.

Vocabulary
B
1 C In my elation links with glad to enlist in the next

2 F
3 A

4 B

5 E

paragraph and describes his feelings about joining

the army.
By the time I reached the Caf Museum links with
Inside the place was busy in the next paragraph.
he was already fairly drunk. refers to the soldier in
uniform mentioned in the previous paragraph and
links with his voice sounding slightly slurred in
the next.
He offered me a Trabuco refers to the cigar in the
previous paragraph. When the wine arrived links
with he filled our glasses in the next paragraph.
God preserve me from sanity links with I
asked God to preserve me from sanity as well in
the next paragraph.

The right meaning

E
1 a recovered suggests getting back something which

was lost
salvaged is only used with objects
saved suggests the victims were still alive
2 c declared means to state something with emphasis

3 c

4 a
1 He wasnt making any progress with his work so he
wanted to do something different. divert me from

my intellectual work, I had reached an impasse

2 The uniformed soldier students casually and

5 c

unaffectedly dressed. So I was a little surprised to

catch a glimpse in one corner of a uniform
3 The way he was sitting and his expression were so
stern and unfriendly that no one wanted to join him.

His posture and the ferocious concentration of his

gaze clearly put people off as the three other seats
around his table remained unoccupied.
4 that he wanted to isolate himself I want to be
lonely, All I do is pollute my mind talking to people,
One-man army

6 c

confirmed is normally followed by a that-clause

decreed is used to make official statements which
have the force of law
averse means disliking or being opposed to
something
reluctant expresses a lack of willingness to do
something, and is followed by the infinitive with to
antagonistic describes a negative attitude to other
people
divert means to make someone or something
change direction
deflect means changing direction as a result of
hitting something
detract usually detract from, means to make
something seem worse
aroma suggests a pleasant and distinctive smell
odour is a neutral word used in science to decribe a
smell
reek suggests a nasty or unpleasant smell
smashed suggests the noise of something breaking
into pieces
clinked describes a ringing sound
crashed describes the sound of two things hitting
each other

PROFICIENCY MASTERCLASS ANSWER KEY Oxford University Press

13

1d
8h

2e
9j

3f
10 g

4b

5i

6c

7a

1 an unlikely comparison It might just as well have

been a mill pond Hint: Was it really a mill pond?
2 an obligation that was not fulfilled We ought to
have found this out Hint: What didnt they find out?

Was this a problem for the writer?

Expressions with do

3 an action which proved to be unnecessary We

neednt have worried Hint: Why were they worried?

Why was it unnecessary?

1 Im fed up with doing the donkey work in the
barracks.
2 We had to do it up.
3 I can do it with my eyes closed.
4 I think too much army-type discipline does more
harm than good.
5 Could you do me a favour?
6 Some people say that military service does
wonders for character building.
7 He did time for being a conscientious objector.
8 A life of hardship will do you no good.

Language in use

4 a positive deduction It must have been at least 50

feet high Hint: How sure is he about the height of

the ladder?
5 a negative deduction the prospect couldnt have
been more daunting Hint: Was it possible for it to

be more daunting?

Possibility and speculation

D
1
2
3
4
5

SB pages 4143

might / may have been

could / might / may have been standing
could / might / may have taken
could / might / may have been repairing
could / might / may have been taken

Possible answers
The picture shows a construction worker on a crane
high above the ground.
1 physical strength and fitness, fearlessness, manual
dexterity, calmness
2 risk of falling, exposure to all weather conditions
3 students own answers

Structure
A

E
2 b This was possible, but they didnt write back.
The use of the phrase here also indicates that
the speaker is annoyed.
d Perhaps they wrote back but the speaker doesnt
know for sure.
3 a It was possible for him to catch the train but he
didnt.
e It wasnt possible for him to catch the train.
4 g It was possible for Ted to phone, but he didnt.
h The speaker doesnt know if Ted phoned or not.

a guided tour to the top of Sydney Harbour Bridge

Making deductions
F

Modal verbs
B
1
2
3
4
5
6

necessity
obligation
possibility
ability
permission
deductions

must, need
must, should, ought to
may, might, can, cant, could, couldnt
can, cant, could, couldnt
may, can, cant
may, might, cant, could, must,
should

1 c must have been

2 d cant have been
3 a must have been

PROFICIENCY MASTERCLASS ANSWER KEY Oxford University Press

4 f must have been

5 b cant have been
6 c cant have been

14

Comprehension and summary

Possible answers

SB pages 4445

1 It must have been an expensive restaurant. /

There must have been a mistake with the bill.
2 It cant / couldnt have been Patrick.
3 It must have been raining.
4 You must have forgotten about it. / The TV
programme must have been exciting. / You cant
have been listening to me.
5 We must have drunk it all. / We cant have drunk it
all!
6 You cant / couldnt have worked hard enough on
it. / You must have misunderstood something in
the lesson.

Mind over matter

Comprehension Paper 3 Part 5

A
Both articles describe the negative effects of stress
and anxiety and mention ways of dealing with them.

B
Necessity and obligation
H
1 e

2 e

3 d

4 d

5 a

6 b

7 c

I
2
3
4
5

neednt have booked

should have / ought to have booked
didnt need to have, get, buy
shouldnt have / oughtnt to have taken, borrowed,
driven
6 needed to get
7 neednt have spent
8 shouldnt have been driving

Gapped sentences Paper 3 Part 3

J
1 task 2 break
6 driven

3 summit

4 drained

Text 1
1 powerful, important and emotional are wrong
because they are not used in the article to describe
the results of the research. The correct answer is:
incredible, dramatic, overwhelming
2 The answer is unsuitable because staggering refers
to the results not the management programme. The
correct answer is: to reinforce the idea of how
surprising the results were.
Text 2
3 negative and worst are insufficiently dramatic. The
correct answer is: doom and disaster
4 The answer misinterprets the final paragraph
confident people arent prevented from feeling
frightened. The correct answer is: that they are just
as afraid as you below the surface.

Summary writing Paper 3 Part 5

5 pool

Shortening a summary
C
1 We work better when we think creatively.
2 Not having the determination to succeed shouldnt
stop you trying.
3 After completing the course, their health improved.
4 Ignore demoralising negative sentences.
5 Taking a few risks will help you to become more
responsible.
6 People who are apparently confident often turn out
to be just as nervous as you.

PROFICIENCY MASTERCLASS ANSWER KEY Oxford University Press

15

Text 1
learning to relax (line 7); think positively (line 8);
extent to which they feel in control of their own
emotions (line 25)
Text 2
People need to understand that they really are better
than they believe (line 17); taking risks (line 21);
learn how to deal with it [fearfulness] (line 25)

Multiple choice questions Paper 4 Part 3

A
1 C

2 D

3 B

Speaking

4 A

5 C

SB page 47

Extended speaking Paper 5 Part 3

1 The first sentence is unnecessary as there is no
need to introduce the subject of the summary. Its
obvious that if you are healthy you may avoid
surgery so its unnecessary to state this with the
phrase and perhaps even of avoiding surgery.
There is no need to qualify calm with quite.
2 The following words and phrases can be deleted:
generally, Nevertheless, in staying healthy, own, In
order to improve performance, you should, seem to,
Furthermore, in spite of the fact that you may lack
confidence, you need to, emerging, ensure that you

Student A risks, modern world

Student B fewer dangers than previous generations

Writing

SB pages 4849

A letter Paper 2 Part 1

Understanding the task
A

Sample summary
Staying calm and remaining positive gives you a better
chance of being healthy. How well you succeed depends
on taking control of your emotions. Try to convince
yourself that you can achieve more than you expect,
even though others may have little faith in you. Come to
terms with your deepest fears and meet each challenge
positively. Thus you can learn from your mistakes.
(63 words)

Listening

Understanding the task

A

SB page 46

1 The writer thinks that our personal freedom is

being taken away.
2 the newspapers readers
3 The style is quite formal and appropriate to a
newspaper article. The writer uses a non-finite
clause in the second sentence, Not content to
and a rhetorical question in the final sentence
How far. The writers opinions are expressed
quite strongly.
4 The newspaper would be interested in hearing
strong opinions, both for and against the points
the writer of the article makes.

Stormy weather
1
Possible answers
1
2
3
4

heavy rain / snow, flooding

drought, hot weather
hurricanes, storms, a tidal wave
hurricanes, storms, tornadoes

PROFICIENCY MASTERCLASS ANSWER KEY Oxford University Press

16

Analysing the sample

B
1 Paragraph 1 purpose of letter and brief summary
of main opinion
Paragraph 2 positive aspects of government
control
Paragraph 3 negative effects of government
controls
Paragraph 4 why some attempts at control dont
work
Paragraph 5 conclusion restating overall opinion
and making a suggestion
2 It is likely to suit the readers of the newspaper
because it clearly and strongly presents its
opinions in support of the article, but it also refers
to a different point of view in paragraph 2.
3 The language is quite formal and strongly
expresses the writers opinions. It is very similar to
the language in the original article.
4 I would definitely agree that
it would be infinitely preferable
Having said that, it is also true
However the main problem is
Of course it is vitally important
which is a complete waste of time
it serves no purpose whatsoever
it will never be possible to
To sum up, I think
There is no evidence that
What we do need is

Unit 3 Overview key

SB pages 5051
Lexical cloze Paper 1 Part 1

A
1C
7B

2C
8D

3C
9A

4B
10 C

5D
11 C

6A
12 B

Cloze Paper 3 Part 1

B
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

further
with
Too
By
through/ over
if / though
well / badly
over

9
10
11
12
13
14
15

down
only / just
instead / unfortunately
as
ago
for
earth

Gapped sentences Paper 3 Part 3

C
1 enlisted 2 fell 3 struck
5 raised 6 preserve

Writing skills
C
1 It would be infinitely preferable to ban dangerous
sports.
2 It is vitally important that we resist attempts to
restrict individual freedom.
3 Trying to ban sports would be a complete waste of
time.
4 It serves no purpose whatsoever to introduce yet
more regulations.
5 There is no evidence that watching dangerous
sports encourages young people to take risks.
(illustrated)
6 What we need is the elimination of unnecessary
risks.

PROFICIENCY MASTERCLASS ANSWER KEY Oxford University Press

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