Name __________________________________

Date ______________ Per. _______________

Chapter 14 WS
Directions: Use the information from your notes and in your textbook
to answer the following questions.
1. Who are the primary psychologists associated with the
psychoanalytic theories of personality?

2. According to the psychoanalytic theory when does personality

develop?

3. What components of personality did Sigmund Freud propose? How

do you think these components relate to one another?

4. How do the learning theories explain the development of

personality?

5. How do you think different types of reinforcement affect the

development of personality?

6. What do you think is the primary difference between the

psychoanalytic theories and the learning theories of personality?
7. Describe and give an example of each of the 8 Defense Mechanisms
(on the back.)
1. Rationalization:

2. Repression:

3. Regression:

4. Reaction Formation

5. Sublimation:

6. Displacement:

7. Denial:

8. Projection:

Humanistic and Trait Theories

1. According to the humanistic psychologists, what is the goal that all
individuals strive for? How do you think people reach this goal?

2. What do you think may limit people’s ability to become self-

actualized?

3. What types of conflicts do you think many teens encounter as they

are developing their self-image?

4. What do trait theorists assume about personality traits?

5. Trait theorists believe traits exist on a continuum. List two examples
of traits that are opposite each other and therefore exist on opposite
ends of the continuum.

Transparency Activity 14-1

1. The psychologists are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler.
2. Personality develops in childhood.
3. Freud identified the id, ego, and superego. The id operates at the
unconscious level and consists of basic instinctual urges. The superego
is the moral part of the personality that encourages us to act in a
socially responsible manner. The ego balances the needs of the id and
superego.
4. The learning theories propose that behavior is learned through
either reinforcement or observation and imitation.
5. Answers may vary. Most will say that rewards will cause behavior to
be repeated, while punishments will cause behavior not to be
repeated. Some students may note that both forms of reinforcement
result in attention to the person. For some people, negative attention is
better than no attention. As a result, punishments may have the
opposite effect; they may actually encourage unwanted behavior to
continue.
6. Answers will vary. A significant difference is that the psychoanalytic
theories assume a constant struggle between various components of
the personality, while the learning theories assume that personality is
formed as we observe, learn, and practice different behavior. Another
significant difference is that the psychoanalytic theories assume that
personality is fully developed in childhood and changes little after that,
while the learning theories assume that the personality can continue to
develop and change throughout one’s lifetime.
Transparency Activity 14-2
1. According to the humanistic theories, all people strive for self-
actualization. Explanations of how people achieve this may vary, but
may include finding creative methods of expression and seeking
careers that allow people to achieve their full
potential.
2. Answers will vary, but may include an inability to satisfy more basic
needs such as the need for love and belonging or the limits that others
place on the individual that make it difficult for him or her to succeed.
3. Answers will vary. Common conflicts occur with parents, with
friends, and with authority figures.
4. Trait theorists assume that all traits exist in all people to some
degree, that traits can be measured, and that they are consistent
across various situations.
5. Answers will vary. Examples include extrovert and introvert,
aggressive and passive, and responsible and irresponsible.