A TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT

ON
SOLAR MOBILE CHARGE

This is submitted in practicle fulfillment of the requirements for the award

Of the degree of
BACHELOR TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted By
K.JYOTHI
ROLL NO: 12571A0431
Under the esteemed guidance of
Mrs. B. SHOBHA RANI
Asst. professor
Dept. of. ECE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SREE VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

JAWAHARLAL
NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
(2015-2016

SREE VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

MAHABUBNAGAR, DIST
(Affiliated to JNTU HYD)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the dissertation entitled SOLAR MOBILE CHARGE is
being submitted by K.JYOTHI(12571A0431) in the department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, SREE VISVESVARAYA INSTUTUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES is a record of bonafide work carried out by them
under my guidance and supervision.
The results presented in this dissertation have been verified and are found to be
satisfactory. The results embodied in this dissertation have not been submitted to any
other University or Institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma.

Internal guide
Ms. B. SHOBHA RANI
Associate professor,
Dept of ECE,
Mahabubnagar.
External Examiner

Head of the Department

Mr. B.J. Sunil,
Dept of ECE,
Mahabubnagar.

Principal

ORGANISATION PROFILE
Our college Sree Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology and Science is pioneering
rural Engineering College in Mahabubnagar district of Telangana. The institute was
sponsored & established by Jayanthi Educational Society in the year 1998 with the
approval of AICTE, New Delhi & the Government of Andhra Pradesh. It is affiliated
to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad.

The Institute is fully

self financed and managed by dynamic members of the Jayanthi Educational Socity.
The institute works with a mission to provide with a sense of his history, an
understanding of values and ethics, a commitment to law and morality, an appreciation
of human creativity, an analytical inquiring mind attend the goals enshrined in the
vision of the college. The vision is:To create technologically superior and ethically strong global Manpower
The institute as the artistically desgined building on a land spread over 32 acres
with fully developed infrastructure facilities conductive for the achievement of the main
goals. It is 18Km away from Mahabubnagar town. The instution has qualified and
experienced faculty. The pride of the institution is its fully equipped labs and digital
library with internet facility.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our sincere thanks to Mrs. B. SHOBHA RANI project guide,
for her kind help constant supervisions, personal interests, scholarly suggestions an
inspring guidance through the project.
i am thankful to MR. B.J. SUNIL, professor and Head of the Department, of
Electronics & communication Engineering, Sree Visvesvaraya Institute of
Technology and Science, Mahabubnagar, for his effective suggestions during project
work.
It is pleasure to have the opportunity to express my gratitude towards all the faculty
members in the department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, who
helped right from the collection of study materials to the completion of the project, We
remain indebted to all those who helped in making this study possible.
We like to express deepest gratitude to Mr. G.Thirupathi reddy, Principal, Sree
Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology and Science, Mahabubnagar, for his support in
carrying out this project.
We express our earnest gratitude and heartfull thanks to Our college, for their
technical support and guidance to complete the project in time.
Finally we express our gratitude to all other members who are involved either
directly or indirectly for the completion of the project.
PRESENTED
N Kalavathi
ROLL NO:12571A0454

Solar Mobile charge

Solar power is one of the widely available energy sources. It has been in
focus worldwide and solar installations of capacities in megawatts order are
reality today. The efficiency of the solar panels remains low even today and
the requirement of ensuring highest efficiency outside the panel
remains stringent. Thanks to this, several techniques have been deployed to
harness the maximum energy, Maximum Power point tracking being one of
them.
Solar power is the practical add-on to the existing sources of energy. It
effectively supplements the current sources of energy. With intelligent designs,
the solar cells can be integrated into the final consumer electronic or portable
devices. This reduces the dependence of recharging these with the
electricity, thus making this ideal choice for the locations where electricity may
not be actually available. The solar panels are costly today but their costs are
coming down to affordable levels. Also many a times the government aids are
available especially for the remote areas.
With the solar panels being available in various form factors, a range of
consumer electronic devices making use of the solar panels are making entry
into the market place and it is expected that this trend would continue in the
future. As of now there are speakers, earphones, calculators and
other small power consuming devices already available. The trend is to
integrate the solar power in the small form factor that enhances the battery
lifeand acts as an additional source of energy to supplement the battery power
from other sources. As the efficiency of the solar panels and conversion would
become better, a lesser area would be able to generate more energy and
eventually the solar charging may become the sole energy source in many
consumer devices.
The idea of optimizing available solar power through MPPT is used by ST for
varying power needs. Consumer electronic devices typically need few watts
and many of these devices/gadgets now use USB port for charging. The
standardization to USB voltage presents opportunity to design
more and more chargers that conform to this form factor and voltage
requirements.

Solar charging is slow and this presents another challenge of keeping the
devices in the
sunlight (daytime). This may not be always practical and hence there is a
need to have battery backup solutions.
In this article, we present STs solution to address these requirements. ST
has integrated low power MPPT directly inside the device SPV1040. This
device is designed to address the consumer electronic devices and with very
few additional components, circuits for direct charging of the
devices or the battery pack can be realized.
Solar USB chargers can be used to charge gadgets like mobiles, PMP;
PDAs & even e-book
readers or any other devices that use a USB or mini USB interface
It can be especially useful during.
Camping trip /Picnic
Power outages
Natural disasters
No access to power outlet
At present all the gadgets are charged typically with a 5V to 5.5V
source(current could vary depending upon the capacity of the battery, typically
limited to 500mA). Hence for charging the voltage should not be higher than
the above mentioned voltage range.
The Solar panel can be house inside a foldable casing with a USB output to
charge the gadgets. In fact the electronic designed for th is purpose should be
marlin size with all necessary protection features incorporated fore life.
A SPV1040 based boost converter with integrated MPPT function, has been
specifically designed with necessary protections for charging the handheld
consumer gadgets
Camping trip
Picnic Power outages
Natural disasters
No access to power outlet

At present all the gadgets are charged typically with a 5V to 5.5V

source(current could vary depending upon the capacity of the battery, typically
limited to 500mA). Hence for charging the voltage provided to the gadgets
should no be higher than the above mentioned voltage range.
The Solar panel can be housed aesthetically in
side a foldable casing with a USB output to charge the gadgets. In fact the
electronics designed for this purposes houldbes mall in size with a features
in corporated fore nhanced life.
A SPV1040baseboostconverterwithintegrated MPPT function, has been
specifically designed with necessary protections for charging
the handheld consumer gadgets

Explanation of SPV1040:
SPV1040 is a high efficiency, low power and low voltage
DC-DC converter that provides single output voltage up to 5.2 V. Startu pbeing
guaranteed at 0.3 V,the device operates down to 0.45 V while coming out from
MPPT mode. It is a 100 kHz fixed frequency PWM step-up(or boost) converter
able to maximize the energy generated by few solar cells (polycrystalline or
amorphous). The duty cycle is controlled by anem bedded unit that runsan
MPPTalgorithm with the goal of
maximizing the power generated from the panel by continuously tracking its
output voltage and current.MPP (maximum power point) is the working point
of the PV cell at which the product of the output voltage and current is at a
maximum.In other words, the load resistance is instantaneously equal to the
panel source resistance.
SPV1040 guarantees safety (both converter and overall application) by
stopping the PWM switching in the case of an over current or over

temperature condition.

Block Diagram of SPV1040 SolarUSB Charger

The MPPT algorithm follows the Perturb & Observe (P &O)method. The
simplicity of P&O method makes it the most popular MPPT algorithm. Figure 1
shows the flow chart of this method. After one perturb operation the power
is calculated and compared with the previous value of power (obse

to determine the change of power (P)

. If P>0, then the in the same direction of perturbation. Otherwise the
operation reverses the perturbation direction.
Figure1: Flow chart of P&O algorithm The MPP voltage needs to be set
for
SPV1040 by a simple resistive divider. This can be adjusted for different
differing MPP voltages. Once the MPP is set and
both the output voltage feed back and current feed provided, the MPP t
racking is automatically taken care of by the device

The input stage:

This is typically a USB connector, which means it is rated to accept typically a
5V, 500mA power source. In this case, this voltage comes typically from the
Solar USB charger or it
may as well be a USB adaptor or any adaptor with a USB jack. This means,
that there should be some
amount of protection built into the system such that it can withstand excessive
over voltage or
reverse polarity of some kind, at the input. Without this, the field reliability of
the system becomes
questionable.
It has been implemented by using a couple of passive devices. A shunt
connected clamp diode and a series connected resettable fuse. The
resettable fuse is rated at 650 mA in this case and the shunt clamp is rated at
5.6V. It might seem enough to use any Zener diode for the clamp, but this may
not work. It might not have the surge capacity to withstand the energy till the
resettable
fuse (Fr) trips. The TRANSIL clamp diodes have the capability to
withstandthese shocks and are
designed for that purpose.

As long as the input voltage is less than the clamp diode voltage, the clamp
diode behaves as an open circuit. Negligible leakage current flows through the
device in normal reverse bias (typically
200nA). But, the moment the input voltage exceeds the clamp rating, the
device breaks down. So a huge current tries to pass through the circuit, which
is when the resettable fuse opens, and disconnects the circuit. Thus the circuit
is protected from excessive and persistent over voltages at
the input. In fact, this scheme may be added as input protection in several
other applications including the solar USB charger as described earlier.
As can be seen, the system consists of four major blocks:
1)The input stage
2)The single cell Li Ion battery charger
3)A reservoir Li Ion battery, typically 3.7V, 1800mAH
4)A DC DC boost converter for converting the battery voltage back to 5V for .

The single cell Lion battery charger:

The Li Ion cell is something that must be charged
with care to enhance useful life and safety of the user. To optimally charge Li
Ion batteries, precise
monitoring and charge controlling is a must, while tracking for excessive
temperature rise during the
process. Most Li Ion batteries now come with inbuilt protection features, to
make the battery immune from excessive discharge, extended overload, short
circuits, over heat etc. There are several
charger ICs dedicated solely to cater to the single cell Li Ion battery
charging.The STBC08 is a simplistic approach; it can work in a standalone
fashion, quite suited for this application. Typically,
this device has been programmed to a charge current of C/4, or 400mA for
a1600mAH battery. The scheme is a constant current/constant for single cell
Li-Ion batteries. No external sense resistor or blocking diode is required. It is
designed to work within USB power specifications. An internal block regulates
the current when the junction temperature increases, in order to protect the
device when it operates in high power or high ambient temperature conditions.
The charge voltage is fixed at 4.2V, and the charge current can be
programmed using a single resistor connected between PROG pin and GND.
The charging is automatically terminated when the current flowing to the
battery is 1/10 of the programmed value. If the external adaptor is removed,
the STBC08 turns off and a 2A current can flow from the battery to the

device. The device can be put into Shutdown Mode, reducing the supply
current to 25A. The device also has a charge current monitor, under
voltage lockout, automatic recharge. The charge termination and input voltage
presence are indicated by two separate status pins.

The DC DC boost converter:

To provide power to loads like mobiles or MP3 players etc, it is
required to maintain the voltage at 5V, as a standard. The Li Ion battery
typically would provide 3.7V
nominally. So this calls for a boost converter ahead of the battery and
something with a high efficiency to maximize the reservoir battery life. This
particular solution uses a L6920 device which is
a boost converter with integral power switch and synchronous rectifier. The
L6920 is a high efficiency step-up controller requiring only three external
components to realize the conversion
from the battery voltage to the selected output voltage. Internal synchronous
rectifier is implemented with a 120m P-channel MOSFET and, in order to
improve the efficiency, a variable frequency control is implemented. To
program the device to 5V it is necessary to just tie to FB pin to ground.
An overload protection scheme would also be required at the output for long
term short circuit or overload protection. A resettable fuse will successful ydo
the job. Although the device has inherent current limit, add ingthis passive part
will drastically enhance reliability in the field. The entire system can be easily
designed on a small PCB. Thanks to the high efficiency small form factor of
the key devices, optimal pad and track size stake care of heat-sinking very
well. Judicious use of copper plane, appropriate ground and supply track
widths and thermal pads with vias on the bottom of the devices will enhance
continuous operation at rated load with minimal heat generation. Whenever
there are tracks overlapping on the top and bottom layer, use of multiple vias,
will reduce thermal resistance to a great degree, allowing for a compact
design.
It is possible to pack the entire solution
in a sealed box, to make it waterproof, with minimal .
A generic scheme has been discussed above, and it is possible to use
variants of the parts indicated for other voltage and current ratings, according
to the user end requirement. So far we have explained the simplest possible
implementation of a Solar Charger/Power pack system. It is possible to have
the entire implementation done with discrete devices and a low power MCU.

References

ADVANTAGES:
Solar battery chargrs enable you to make electrical energy even if
you are in the ocean
with the charges you can always be assured of electrical energy
even when there is back out
the solar panels can neither be damaged by altra violet rays nor
water.
they are hardy and cannot be damaged by the impact rain drops.
solar battery charge also saving energy

DIS ADVANTAGES :
Charging a battery from a solar panel I snever easy to because
the voltage from a solar panel can vary hugely depending up on the
incidence rays
the current also varied due to the some above reasons

CONCLUSION:
The energy most thus be conserved and used efficiently
in solar mobile charge ripples are not produced has a direct DC
power supplied
so solar mobile chargers is highly applicable in todays works
this is due to the continual depletion of resources solar energy is
renewable and can be used for the simplest of purpose solar
mobile charger