Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
2016
Final Report
(On Design of HVAC System for College Auditorium)
Table Of Contents
1. Objective
2. Introduction.
3. Building Design & Floor Plan.
4. Heat Load Calculations ..........
5. System Selection based on Energy Efficiency and life Cycle
Analysis.
Conclusion.
Objective
As posed by ISHRAE this year, we are tasked with the
design of HVAC system for a College Auditorium with
a design capacity of nearly 1000 people.
Moreover, as the problem suggests to design the building
based on the climate zone as well as the location of local
Student Chapter. So we hereby select Shri Datta Meghe
Auditorium located in our college campus which best
suits the requirements of this project.
Introduction
Building energy can be saved and pollution decreased
while utility expenditures are minimized if energy
conservation measures are incorporated into the design,
maintenance and operation of a facility. Building cooling
load components are; direct solar radiation, transmission
load, ventilation/infiltration load and internal load.
Calculating all these loads individually and adding them
up gives the estimate of total cooling load. The load, thus
calculated, constitutes total sensible load.
Normal practice is that depending on the building type
certain percent of it is added to take care of latent load.
Applying the laws of heat transfer and solar radiation
makes load estimations. Step by step calculation
procedure has been adequately reported in the literature.
Principles of solar energy calculation are applied to
determine the direct and indirect solar heating component
of the building. The requisite data of building material
properties, climate conditions and ventilation standard are
also established as per the ISHRAE standards.
The one dimensional heat conduction equation in
rectangular, spherical and cylindrical coordinates is
solved using finite difference technique. The
variation of auditorium building temperature with time is
obtained in terms of wet bulb temperature of cooling air
and initial building temperature. Factors directly affecting
Monsoon
(2% Accept.)
Winter
(99% Accept.)
Rest of the features can be seen from the floor plan shown
below:
Monsoon
Winter
1
1 1
+ +()
Where
R is the thermal resistance of the wall
hi is the inside film coefficient = 8.347 W/m2-K (still air)
ho is the outside film coefficient = 23.3 W/m2-K(3.7 m/s)
A is the cross-sectional area for the heat flow
CLTD value for different walls facing a particular
direction at different solar times is obtained from
ISHRAE handbook. The maximum of these values is
selected for calculations.
For plywood,
10
No. of Doors
1 Double Door
2 Single Doors
1 Double Door
2 Single Door
2 Double Doors
3. Through Roof
As the auditorium has peaked roof which is attic
ventilated with a false ceiling below it, the CLTD values
from Table 10 of ISHRAE Handbook are reduced by 25%
11
GAIN THROUGH
FENESTRATION :-
12
direction
NE
NE
SW
SW
orientation
horizontal
vertical
Horizontal
Vertical
SC
0.9
0.94
0.9
0.94
SHGFmax
154
154
167
167
CLF
0.45
0.45
0.59
0.59
= (. )
13
= (To-Ti)
= ( )
Where
Vo is the volumetric flow rate of the infiltrated air
Cpm is the average specific heat of moist air
hfg is the latent heat of vaporization of water
To and Ti are the outdoor and indoor dry bulb temperatures
Wo and Wi are the outdoor and indoor humidity ratios.
is the density of moist air at outside
temperature(calculated using perfect gas equation)
=
3600
=0.64925 m3/sec
14
Where
Installed wattage is the total input power to the lights in the
conditioned space
Usage Factor accounts for any lights that are installed but
are not switched on at the time at which load calculations
are performed
15
16
Item
AreaorQuantity
Estimatedfor
Summer
SunGainorTemp.Diff.
Watts
Sensible
Factor
Latent
Total
SOLARGLASSGAIN
Window(NE)
Window(SW)
5.05
4.24
17.4
17.4
14.47
19.52
1271.84
1440.61
CONDITIONS
Outdoor
Indoor
Selected
RoomConditions
1000People
LocalSolar
Time
3P.M.
Peak
Load
44.4deg.C
2.3595cu.m/sec
SOLAR&TRANS.GAINWALLS&ROOF
Wall(NE)
Wall(SW)
Wall(SE)
Roof
174.96
175.77
99.45
1022.45
17.95
20.18
19.07
16.26
5.0709
5.071
5.576
4.799
15925.32
17987.03
10574.95
79783.55
6
17.4
17.4
17.4
2.9
5.994
5.994
5.994
11121.55
1201.485
1201.485
1201.485
Gross
Volume
TRANS.GAINEXCEPTWALLSANDROOF
Floor
Door(NE)
Door(SW)
Door(SE)
Infiltration
OutsideAir
People
Lights
FluorescentLights
Spotlights
Appliance(Fan)
SupplyDuct
HeatGain%
Infiltration
OutsideAir
People
Steam
Appliance(Fan)
639.17
11.52
11.52
11.52
INFILTRATIONANDOUTSIDEAIR
Volume Density
SpecificHeat
0.64925
1.0902
1021.6
2.3597
1.0902
1021.6 .075(BPF)
INTERNALHEAT
1000People
70.337W/person
50Nos.
10Nos.
10Nos.
0.7(UsageFactor)
0.3(UsageFactor)
0.8(UsageFactor)
17.4
17.4
60W/light 1.25(BallastFactor)
575W/light 1(BallastFactor)
100W/fan
0.5(CLF)
35168.5
0.73(CLF)
0.1(CLF)
0.58(CLF)
1916.25
172.5
464
1.1
214986.4
Enthalpy
2403340
2403340
5664.7
1544.129
46891
0.07(LatentHeatFraction)
Sensible
Latent
ReturnDuct
HeatGain%
ReturnDuct
5% LeakageLoss%
70
54169.83
59586.81
274573.2
17.4(Temp.Diff.)
0.00333
Pump
2% H.P.%
43442.68
2403340
0.7829
Selectedadp=9.57deg.C
Dehumidifiedrise
195442.2/(1.0902*1021.6*13.34)=13.15cu.m/sec
195442.2
Safety
5% Factor
100W/fan
Safety
2% Factor%
8%
EFFECTIVEROOMLATENTHEAT
EFFECTIVEROOMTOTALHEAT
OUTSIDEAIRHEAT
2.3597
1.0902
1021.6 0.05(BPF)
2.3597
1.0902
0.05(BPF)
Indicatedadp=4.44deg.C
12581.95
3429.68
RoomLatentHeatSubtotal
SupplyDuct
LeakageLoss%
214986.4/274573.2
(1.075)(249.57)=13.34deg.C
ROOMSENSIBLEHEAT
SupplyDuct
Fan
3% LeakageLoss%
2% H.P.%
EFFECTIVEROOMSENSIBLEHEAT
ROOMLATENTHEAT
Volume Density
HumidityDiff.
0.64925
1.0902
0.00333
2.3597
1.0902
.075(BPF)
0.00333
1000People
46.891W/person
10Nos.
ESHF=
INFILTRATION
AirChanges
4674.64cu.M
persec.
0.00013 .64925cu.m/sec
SENSIBLEHEATFACTOR&
APPARATUSDEWPOINT
19558.97
GrandHeatSubtotal
337574.9
GrandHeatTotal
378083.8
5%
TONNAGEOFREFRIGERATION=107.50TR
Dehumidifiedflowrate
17
18
Systems
19
20
21
22
23
24
are only 3 rows deep theoretical does not meet the adp
needs of the application, but in practice such equipment
has been used with the ensuing, higher relative humidity
never posing any serious problem.
Advantages of unitary refrigerant systems are :
1. Individual room control is simple and inexpensive.
2. Each conditioned space has individual air distribution
with simple adjustment by the occupants.
3. Performance of the system is guaranteed by the
manufacturer.
4. System installation is simple and takes very less time.
5. Operation of the system is simple and there is no need
for a trained operator.
6. Initial cost is normally low compared to central
systems.
7. Retrofitting is easy as the required floor space is small.
Disadvantages of Unitary refrigerant systems are:
1. As the components are selected and matched by the
manufacturer, the system is less flexible in terms of air
flow rate, condenser and evaporator sizes.
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26
27
Conclusion
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