I.

INTRODUCTION
The Italian inventor Secondo Campini showed the first functioning manmade pump-jet engine in Venice in 1931. However, he never applied for a
patent, and since the device suffered from material problems resulting in
a short life-span, it never became a commercial product. The first person
to achieve that was New Zealand inventor Sir William Hamilton in 1954.

II.

OBJECTIVES
To familiarize to the uses of Jet Pump
To know how jet pump works

III.

TYPICAL USES
Pump-jets were once limited to high-speed pleasure craft (such as jet skis
and jet boats) and other small vessels, but since 2000 the desire for highspeed vessels has increased and thus the pump-jet is gaining popularity
on larger craft, military vessels and ferries. On these larger craft, they can
be powered by diesel engines or gas turbines. Speeds of up to 40 knots
can be achieved with this configuration, even with a conventional hull.
Pump-jet powered ships are very maneuverable. Examples of ships using
pumpjets are the fast patrol boat Dvora Mk-III craft, the Hamina-class
missile boats, Valour-class frigates, the Stena High-speed Sea Service
ferries, the United States Virginia-class submarines, and the United States
littoral combat ships.

IV.

WORKINGS
A pump-jet works by having an intake (usually at the bottom of the hull)
that allows water to pass underneath the vessel into the engines. Water
enters the pump through this inlet. The pump can be of a centrifugal
design for high speeds, an inducer for low speeds, or an axial flow pump
for medium speeds. The water pressure inside the inlet is increased by the
pump and forced backwards through a nozzle. With the use of a reversing
bucket, reverse thrust can also be achieved for faring backwards, quickly
and without the need to change gear or adjust engine thrust. The
reversing bucket can also be used to help slow the ship down when
braking. This feature is the main reason pump jets are so maneuverable.
The nozzle also provides the steering of the pump-jets. Plates, similar to
rudders, can be attached to the nozzle in order to redirect the water flow
port and starboard. In a way, this is similar to the principles of air thrust
vectoring, a technique which has long been used in military jet-powered
aircraft. This provides pumpjet-powered ships with superior agility at sea.
Another advantage is that when faring backwards by using the reversing
bucket, steering is not inverted, as opposed to propeller-powered ships.

Pump-jet powered watercraft do suffer from the Coand effect, which must
be taken into account when making changes in heading. The heading
needs to be adjusted two degrees further than what would normally be
required because of this effect.
V.

ADVANTAGES
Pump jets have some advantages over bare propellers for certain
applications, usually related to requirements for high-speed or shallowdraft operations. These include:

VI.

Higher speed before the onset of cavitation, because of the raised

internal dynamic pressure
High power density (with respect to volume) of both the propulsor
and the prime mover (because a smaller, higher-speed unit can be
used)
Protection of the rotating element, making operation safer around
swimmers and aquatic life
Improved shallow-water operations, because only the inlet needs to
be submerged
Increased maneuverability, by adding a steerable nozzle to create
vectored thrust
Noise reduction, resulting in a low sonar signature; this particular
system has little in common with other pump-jet propulsors and is
also known as "shrouded propeller configuration";[2] applications:
Warships designed for low observability, for example the Swedish
Visby-class corvette.
Submarines, for example the Royal Navy Trafalgar class and Astute
class, the US Navy Seawolf class and Virginia class, the French Navy
Triomphant class and Barracuda class, and the Russian Navy Borei
class.
Modern torpedoes, such as the Spearfish, the Mk 48 and Mk 50
weapons.

DISADVANTAGES
Can be less efficient than a propeller at low speed
More expensive
The intake grill can become clogged with debris; e.g., seaweed. The
effects of this can be mitigated by having a reversing gearbox
between the engine and the water jet.

VII.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Nozzle - a cylindrical or round spout at the end of a pipe, hose, or tube,
used to control a jet of gas or liquid.
Diffuser a thing that diffuses something.

VIII.

SUMMARY
A pump-jet, hydrojet, or water jet is a marine system that creates a jet of
water for propulsion. The mechanical arrangement may be a ducted
propeller with nozzle, or a centrifugal pump and nozzle.