Overview of

Standard 189.1189.1-2009 for

High--Performance,
High
Green Buildings
Tom Lawrence,
Lawrence Ph.D.
Ph D P.E.,
P E LEEDLEED-AP
lawrence@engr.uga.edu

Introduction and greetings from the

University of Georgia

Green Buildings Overview,

Standard 189 - 2

Copyright Materials

Copyright 2009 by the American Society of

Heating,
g Refrigerating
g
g and AirAir-Conditioning
g
Engineers (ASHRAE). All rights reserved.
No part of this presentation may be reproduced
without written permission from ASHRAE, nor
may any part of this presentation be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means
(electronic, photocopying, recording or other)
without written permission from ASHRAE.
3

ASHRAE Standard 189.1

Overview of proposed ASHRAE Standard

189.1 for HighHigh
High-Performance, Green
Buildings
- What is it?
- Why have it?
- Highlights
Hi hli ht

Sponsors and Project Committee

Consensus process
Sponsor and co
co--sponsors:
- ASHRAE (American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air
Air--Conditioning Engineers)
- USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council)
- IESNA (Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America)

Project committee:
35 voting members;
variety of disciplines,
industries & organizations
5

Standard 189.1: Intent

What Standard 189.1 is:

- a standard
d d
- applies to all buildings except lowlow-rise residential
buildings (same as ASHRAE Std 90.1)
p
into model building
g codes
- intended for adoption

What Standard 189.1 is not:

- not a design guide
- not a rating system

Even if not adopted by your local authorities,

this Standard is an indication of future industry trends

Standard 189.1: Relation to

Other ASHRAE Standards
90.1
90.1(current
(currentversion)
version)

62.1 (current version)

Adapt, with
modifications

Adapt,
Adapt
with minor
modifications

55 (current version)

Adapt

Section 2 - Purpose
The purpose of this standard is to provide
minimum requirements
q
for the siting
siting,
g, design,
g
construction, and plans for operation of high
performance, green buildings to:
(a) balance environmental responsibility,
resource efficiency, occupant comfort and well
being,
being and community
comm nit sensitivity,
sensiti it and
(b) support the goal of development that

meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs.
needs
needs...

Organization and What it Covers

Si il to other
Similar
h ASHRAE standards
d d and
d LEED

Standard 189.1 Basic Structure

For Each Section

x.1: Scope
x 2: Compliance
x.2:
x.3: Mandatory
(
(required
i d for
f allll projects)
j t )
x.4: Prescriptive path
(simple option, minimal choices,
very few calculations)
x.5: Performance path
((more sophisticated,
p
, flexibility,
y, but
more effort)
10

Highlights of Standard 189.1

Ch t 5 - Sites:
Chapter
Sit
Discourages unmitigated sprawl
Prohibited development activity
- Flood plains, wetlands, fish & wildlife habitat

Other areas that are addressed:

- Amount of impervious surface area [max % of

totall site to be
b impervious - Prescriptive]
Prescriptive]
- Urban heat island [shaded or higher solar
reflective index materials]
- Light pollution limitations

[max lumens per site,

backlight and glare limits]

11

Chapter 6 Water Use Efficiency

Mandatory Provisions
Site water use:
use: biobio-diverse plantings for
60% of improved landscape, hydrozoning
& smart irrigation controllers

12

Chapter 6 Water Use Efficiency

Mandatory Provisions
Building water use:
use:
(6.3.2.1) plumbing fixtures & fittings per
U S EPA WaterSense or ASME Standards,
U.S.
Standards
with specific limit on flow amount or rate
(6.3.2.2)
6 3 2 2) appliances per U.S.
U S EPA
EnergyStar,, with water use factor for
EnergyStar
dwelling unit or public access

13

Chapter 6 Water Use Efficiency

Mandatory Provisions (cont.)
HVAC Systems (
(6.3.2.3)
6
6.3.2.3):
3 2 3):
3):
- Subsystem metering above thresholds
- Cooling tower cycles of concentration
limit, efficient drift eliminators
- Condensate collection from units >19 kW
(65,000
( ,
Btu/h)
/ )
Annual condensate collection
Georgia: ~12.6 gal/cfm Outdoor air
or about 100 liters water/(l/s)
Iowa:
~6.1 gal/cfm OA
Sacramento: ~1.3 gal/cfm OA

14

Chapter 6 Water Use Efficiency

Mandatory Provisions (cont.)
Roofs (
(6.3.2.4)
6
6.3.2.4):
3 2 4):
4):
- NO potable water spray on roofs for thermal
conditioning or watering vegetation

15

Chapter 6 Water Use Efficiency

Mandatory Provisions (cont.)
Consumption measurement:
measurement:
Measurement devices with remote
communication to data management system
(with storage and retrieval capability)
- Leased spaces totaling 50,000
50 000 ft (5000 m)
- Heavy use (> 1000 gal/day) leased areas
regardless of size (e
(e.g.,
g laundry)

Metering of water source(s) and primary

water use systems above threshold use rate
16

Chapter 6 Water Use Efficiency

Metering

17

Chapter 6 Water Use Efficiency

Prescriptive Option
Site Water Use (
(
6.4.1)
6.4.1):
):
- Limitations on potable water for irrigation
Maximum of 1/3 of total landscaped area
(except golf courses, no potable water use)
Can exclude dedicated athletic fields for
schools, residential common areas, public
recreation facilities
Allow for plant establishment
period
Use municipal reclaimed water
if available within 200 ft
18

Chapter 6 Water Use Efficiency

Prescriptive Option
Building
g Water Use (
(6.4.2)
6.4.2):
):
- Cooling Towers

Based on water quality

Makeup Water
>200 mg/l hardness

YES
3 cycles for water

NO
5 cycles for water

Exception: Maximum blowdown

concentration of 1,500 mg/l total
dissolved solids or 150 mg/l silica

19

Chapter 6 Water Use Efficiency

Performance Option
Site water use reduction:
reduction:
Potable water for irrigation
<35% of landscape
p water demand (based
(
on Eto)
Eto)
Building use:
use:

Proposed use < [mandatory + prescriptive]

20

Energy Chapter 7

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Energy
gy General Highlights:
g g
Basic goal 30% lower than Standard 90.190.12007 INCLUDING PROCESS
Appendix G from Standard 90.1 is
incorporated as a Normative Appendix
Metering for verification
Peak load reduction
Other areas increase stringency
g
y beyond
y
Standard 90.1
22

ASHRAE Energy Goals

ASHRAE goal to have netnet-zero energy and
carbon by 2030
36000

Energy Reduction Proposal

En
nergy (kBtu/y
yr)

Standard 90.1
AEDG
ASHRAE BOD Goal
Standard 189
2010

2015

2020

2025

2030

Year

23

General Compliance Path(s)

24

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Mandatory
y Requirements:
q
- OnOn-site renewable power ((
7.3.2)
Provisions for future installation with
minimum rating of 3.7 W/ft
W/ft (13
(13 Btu/hr
Btu/hr--ft
ft)
)
[40 W/m]
W/m] x roof area in ft[m]
ft[m]
E
Exception
ti ffor areas with
ith low
l
incident
i id t solar
l
(4.0 kWh/m2/day), account for local shading

25

26

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Energy Mandatory (cont.):
Remote or automatic reading meters
(7.3.3) criteria based on size
- Energy
E
sources (T
(Table
bl 7.3.37.3.3
7 3 3-1)
- Key systems (Table 7.3.37.3.3-2)
Meters communicate to central recording
y
system
Data storage for minimum 36 months
Exception: Residential portions of buildings complying with this Standard
27

Energy Metering Thresholds

28

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (General)

From DOE Study
Std. 189.1 30.2% lower than
Standard 90.190.1
90 1-2007
(9% due to renewables)
renewables)
Average EUI = 50 kBtu
kBtu/ft
/ft
Standard 189.1 builds
from 90.1from
90.1-2007

29

Higher in heating
dominated climates
9% from renewable
energy

30

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option
Prescriptive Option: Renewable Energy
- On
On--site renewable energy system with
6 kBtu
kBtu/ft
/ftyr[20kWh/m
yr[20kWh/m
[20 kWh/ yr]
]
Exception (meet both of these):
- Low incident solar regions (4.0 kWh/m/day)
kWh/m/day)
or account for local buildings, topography
- Purchase
P h
off green power iin terms off
7 kWh/ftkWh/ft-yr [75 kWh/m
kWh/m--yr] annually until
cumulative purchase of 70 kWh/ftkWh/ft-yr
[750 kWh/mkWh/m-yr]
31

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive
P
i i Option
O i
(Building
(B ildi
Envelope)
E
l
)
Comply with Standard 90.1, Section 5 with
modifications
difi ti

Replaces Table 5.5

5.5--1 thru 8 on building envelope
in 90.1,
90 1 for example:
(7.4.2)
7 4 2)

32

Climate Zones

33

Corresponding International

34

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

(7.4.2)
7 4 2)

Prescriptive Option (Building Envelope)

Example comparisons:
Example:

Climate zone 3

Std 90
90.1
1 Std 189
189.1
1
Insulation above deck R
R--20 R-25

M
More
stringent
ti
t SHGC

R=3 5 (SI) R=4

R=3.5
R=4.4
4

Example for <40% window area:

Climate zone 5
Std. 90.1:
Std 189
Std.
189.1:
1

0.40
0.35
0 35 all
ll orientations
i t ti
35

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (Building Envelope)
Vertical fenestration
<40% gross wall area
(7.4.2.4))
Overhang: PF >0.5
(7.4.2.5))
Exception for
cases with <250
hours per year
direct sunlight

- Permanent projections: west, east & south

- Climate zones 11-5

36

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (Building Envelope)
SHGC Multipliers
(different than Std 90.1)
(7.4.2.6)
7 4 2 6)

37

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (Building Envelope)
Fenestration area and SHGC complies
p
with
(7.4.2.9)
Exception
Buildings
adjacent to
or shaded by
other
buildings

38

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (Building Envelope)
Continuous air barrier requirement
(7.4.2 10)
Complies with Normative Appendix B to
control air leakage in and out
Detailed
D t il d on construction
t ti documents
d
t
Not required for semisemi-heated spaces that
comply with Std. 90.1 Section 5.4.3.1
(defines areas of envelope to be sealed, caulked,
gasketed
k t d or weatherweather
th -stripped)
ti
d)

39

7.4.3 HVAC
90.1
(current
version)
90.1
((current
version))

Adapt, with
modifications

General Concept:
Based on Standard 90.1, but
modify to gain improved
energy performance over
code minimum standards

7.4.3 HVAC

Brief mention of modifications to Std. 90.1

- 7.4.3.1
7 4 3 1 Minimum equipment efficiency
Either use equipment with efficiencies of:
- EPAct baseline more onon-site renewable and

peak load reduction, OR

- Higher efficiency levels
Greater of the efficiency per Energy Star (if
applicable)
pp
) or Tables C 11-15.
Includes new definition of chiller efficiency
formula from ARI Standard test conditions

41

7.4.3 HVAC

7.4.3.2 Lowers occupancy threshold for

demand--controlled ventilation (DCV)
demand
90.1
90.1(current
(currentversion)
version)

Standard 90.1-2007:
90 1 2007: 40 people/100 m
and area >50 m
25 people/ 100 m
m
If with CO2 sensors,
install p
per
8.3.1.2.3
Note: Type of DCV
used is not specified in
Std. 189.1
42

7.4.3 HVAC

7.4.3.3 Duct sealing level A everywhere

7.4.3.4 Expanded economizer
Standard 90.1
90 1
requirement

- Exempted 3A and 4A
- Capacity > 65,000 Btu/h
(19 kW)

- Rooftop units <5 tons: two stage (first stage

economizer then second stage adds mechanical)
- VAV supply air temp reset by at least 5
5 F (3 C)
43

7.4.3 HVAC

More on Economizers
- Limits
Li it on total
t t l capacity
it off systems
t
without
ith t
economizers If reqd, max. capacity without economizer
= 480,000 Btu/h or 140 kW

- Less flexibility on high limit shutoff control

44

7.4.3 HVAC

7.4.3.4 Expanded economizer reqt

- Exceptions:

Based on IEER part-load efficiency,

or full load EER / SEER

Water

cooled units with heat transferred with

building (water(water-source heat pumps) and less
than 54,000 Btu/hr (16 kW) capacity

45

7.4.3 HVAC

7.4.3.5 Zone controls for limit on reheat

- Volume reheated
reheated, rere-cooled or remixed not to
exceed design OA flow rate or 15% of total
peak
p
supply
pp y

7.4.3.6 Fan power limits

- 10%

46

7.4.3 HVAC

7.4.3.7 System controls

- 2 stages for DX >65
>65,000
000 Btu/h (19 kW)
kW),
- Air handling or fan coil units with CHW
coils
il and
d >5 hp
h (3.7
(3 7 kW) motor
t have
h
reduced fan speed option
1. of full fan speed
2. Volume of outdoor air p
per Std. 62.1
- Single zone, DX units > 110,000 Btu/hr
(32 kW) supply fans 2
2--speed or VSD
47

7.4.3 HVAC

7.4.3.8 Expand energy recovery reqt

- 60% energy recovery effectiveness (enthalpy)

- Provisions to bypass to allow air economizing
48

7.4.3 HVAC
7.4.3.9 Kitchen hoods add variable
speed (significant impact on energy)
7.4.3.10 and .11 Minimum duct and
pipe insulation increased (Tables CC-9,
10 and 11))
7.4.3.12 Unoccupied hotel/motel
>50 guest rooms

49

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (cont.)
7.4.5
7 4 5 Power
- Peak load reduction

Reduce peak capacity of the building

through demanddemand-limiting or load
shifting
g measures ((5%))

50

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (Lighting)
Interior lighting power to be 10% less
than ASHRAE Standard 90.1
(7.4.6.1)
7 4 6 1)
Occupancy sensor controls
(7.4.6.2)
7 4 6 2)
- Offices <250 ft
ft (25 m)
m)
- Classrooms, lecture, training,
conference or meeting rooms
(<1000 ft
ft or 100 m)
51

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (Lighting)
(7.4.6.3)
7 4 6 3) Occupancy sensor control to
reduce power to <50% for:
- Hotel,
Hotel motel hallways
- Storage stack aisles
- Library
Lib
stacks
t k

Exception: HID lit areas

< 0.8
0 8 W/ft
W/ft or 8 W/m

Egress lighting control,

< 0.1
0 1 W/ft2 (1 W/m
W/m
W/ )
Additional allowed if w/ auto shutshut-off

52

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Prescriptive Option (Lighting)
Auto
Auto--controls for daylight zones,
zones
outdoor lighting (7.4.6.5)
- Continuous dimming,
dimming or
- Stepped switching with
auto--off
auto

53

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

7.5 Performance Based Option:
Demonstrated equivalent performance in
both energy cost and CO2 equivalent
compared to if using the Prescriptive path
Proposed Mandatory +
Prescriptive Path
Using
i
Normative
i Appendix
di D
Performance Option for Energy
Efficiency
Efficiency
54

Highlights for Energy (Chapter 7)

Performance Based Option:
7.5.4 Annual Load Factor/
Peak Electric Demand
Same or less peak electric demand as if
following
g the prescriptive
p
p
path
p
Minimum annual electrical load factor
of 0
0.25
25

55

Indoor Environmental Quality

Mandatory Key Items to

ASHRAE members:
-

Outdoor airflow
Tobacco smoke control
Outdoor air monitoring
monitoring
Filtration and air cleaning
Refers to and modifies

56

Indoor Environmental Quality

8.3.1 IAQ
Minimum ventilation design outdoor airflow
rate per Standard 62.1, using Ventilation
Rate Procedure
Outdoor air delivery monitoring
- Permanently mounted,
direct outdoor airflow measurement
15% of minimum outdoor airflow
- CO2 monitoring
i i instead
i
d if system
serves only densely occupied spaces
- Constant
C
t t volume
l
air
i supply,
l damper
d
position
iti
feedback allowable instead
57

Indoor Environmental Quality

8.3.1.3 Filtration
- (a) Particulates - Minimum MERV 8 upstream
of cooling coils, MERV 13 when project located
in nonnon-attainment area for PM2.5
( d f and
(Modifies
d strengthens
h
Std.
d 62.1 6.2.1.1))

- (b) Ozone cleaners for outdoor air in building

projects located in nonnon-attainment areas for
ozone. (Ozone removal efficiency = 40%, per Std.
62.1 6.2.1.2)

- (c) Filter frames, air cleaner racks, access

doors sealed to eliminate bypass
yp
pathways
p
y
58

Indoor Environmental Quality

8.3.1.4
E i
Environmental
t l Tobacco
T b
Smoke
S
k
Control
- No smoking inside, with signage
- No smoking within 25 feet (7.5 m) of

entrance, outdoor
d
air
i iintakes
k or
operable windows

59

Indoor Environmental Quality

Oth Mandatory:
Other
M d t
Thermal Comfort
- Comply with Std. 55
Sections 6.1 and 6.2
(D i and
(Design
d
Documentation)

M t systems
Mat
t
att
building entrances
Envelop acoustical
design (sound
(sound
transmission rating
criteria)

60

Indoor Environmental Quality

Prescriptive Option (
(8.4)
8.4)::
Side daylighting
Office space shading (glare)
Low emitting materials

61

Indoor Environmental Quality

Performance Option ((
8.5):
8.5):
Daylighting simulation
- Office space and classrooms
- Minimum illuminance target:
300 lux (30 fc)
fc) on work surfaces in 75% of
daylight zone,
zone at noon equinox

Direct sun limitation on office worksurface

Di t sunlight
Direct
li ht on worksurface
k f
<20% off
occupied hours on equinox day
(worksurface = 2.4 feet [0.75 m] above floor)
62

Indoor Environmental Quality

Performance Option ((
8.5):
8.5):
Modeling for individual VOC concentrations
for each material used, sum total to show
compliance with California
CA/DHS/EHLB/R--7174 (CA Section 1350)
CA/DHS/EHLB/R

63

Buildings Impact on Atmosphere,

Materials and Resources (
( 9)
Mandatory Items Key to ASHRAE:

Construction waste management

- Divert 50% of nonnon-hazardous waste,
demolition debris (not counting soil, land
clearing)
- Off
Off--site storage and sorting
is allowed
- Limit
Li it on total
t t l waste
t
generated per floor area

64

Buildings Impact on Atmosphere,

Materials and Resources (
( 9)
Mandatory Items Key to ASHRAE:

No CFCs; fire suppression systems

contain no ozone depleting
p
g
substances (CFCs, HCFCs , Halons)
Halons)

Storage collection of
Storage,
recyclable materials,
discarded fluorescent
lamps and ballasts

65

Construction and Operation Plans

OVERVIEW
All Mandatory Provisions:
10.3.1
10 3 1 Construction
10.3.2 Plans for Operation

66

Construction and Operation Plans

OVERVIEW
10.3.1 Construction
Building acceptance testing
Commissioning
g
Erosion and sediment control
Indoor air quality
Moisture control
Construction vehicles

67

Requirements Concerning
Construction

10.3.1.1 Building Acceptance Testing

Activities prior to permit, and prior to
p
y
occupancy
Designate representative to oversee
Construction documents indicate who does
what
M h i l systems,
Mechanical
t
lighting,
li hti
renewable energy, energy &
water
t measure d
devices
i
68

Construction Requirements (cont.)

10.3.1.2 Building Project
Commissioning
g
Full commissioning for
>500 m
m (5,000 ft
ft))
- HVAC, building envelope, lighting, irrigation,
plumbing, domestic water, renewable energy

Designate CxA
Develop OPR and Basis of Design
Design reviews at 50% and final
construction documents

Doing full Cx
process also
p
satisfies the
Building
Acceptance
Test
requirements
69

Construction Requirements (cont.)

10.3.1.4 IAQ Construction Mgmt
Develop and implement an IAQ
Construction Management Plan, to include:
- Air conveyance materials
- Permanent HVAC not used during construction,
except for startup testing
- Flush
Flush--out or baseline IAQ monitoring

70

Construction Requirements (cont.)

IAQ Construction Management
Post
Post--construction,
construction pre
pre--occupancy
1. Flush
Flush--out: Temp >60
>60 F (15 C), RH 60%

Filtration if Air Quality Forecast >100

Occupancy at flush possible

71

Construction Requirements (cont.)

IAQ Construction Management
Post
Post--construction,
construction pre
pre--occupancy
1. Flush
Flush--out: Temp >60
>60 F (15
(15 C)
C),, RH 60%
2. Baseline IAQ Monitoring for 34 contaminants
(next slide sample list)
1 sample point per 25,000 ft(2,500m)or
ft(2,500m)or
each
eachcontiguousfloorarea
contiguous floor area

72

10.3.2 Plans for Operation

High Performance Building Operation

1.

Site Sustainability
Water Use Efficiency
Energy Efficiency
Indoor Environmental Q
Qualityy

Maintenance
Service Life
Transportation Management

2.
3
3.
4.

73

Compare Standard 189.1 to LEED

V l
Voluntary
vs.
mandatory

Std. 189.1:
- Improvement in all
topical areas
- Pushes the envelope 74

More Information

Information on ASHRAE standards:

www.ashrae.org then follow

Standards, includes listserv for

Standard 189.1

Information on USGBC programs:

www.usgbc.org
b
Information on IESNA p
programs:
g
www.iesna.org

Thank you!

Comments, questions, concerns, advice

Dr. Tom Lawrence, P.E., LEEDLEED-AP

lawrence@engr.uga.edu

76