9/23/2010

FibeAir IP-10 G-Series

QoS Concept & Implementation

Proprietary and Confidential

Agenda
Introduction
Why do we need QoS?
Not all Traffic are the same
Traffic Engineering as a solution
QoS in IP-10

Proprietary and Confidential

9/23/2010

Introduction (1)
IP-10 is more than a Radio:

High capacity MW Radio

Up to 500Mbps @ 56MHz

ADM Add & Drop Multiplexer:

It enables a matrix of cross-connections
between TDM E1/T1,SDH VCs and
Radio channels

ADM

L2ETH
SW

L2 ETH Switch:
802.1p/q
P-Bit remap
Policers
Shaping
Scheduler
IPv4 / IPv6 Classification

MW
Radio
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Introduction (2)
In this presentation we shall focus on the QoS implemented with the
integrated L2 ETH switch

But first, let us understand

what does Quality Of Service
stands for

ADM
MW
Radio

Proprietary and Confidential

L2ETH
SW

9/23/2010

Understanding QoS

Why do we need QoS? (1)

Without controlling our Backbone /Core infrastructure High cost of non-responsiveness: devices are deployed but not properly
allocated to transport customer traffic
On the other hand bad resource design results in congestion which will lead
to network downtime costs due to degradation of performance
QoS (e.g. - Traffic Engineering) optimizes
network resources

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9/23/2010

Why do we need QoS? (2)

Mobile operators focus on reducing costs:
Mobile Broadband growth requires Backhaul expansions, hence:
Operators
p
are stretching
g their cost-saving
g initiatives
Operators will look for new ways to drive further Backhaul savings
Operators must reduce their cost per Mbit
QoS (e.g. - Traffic Engineering) optimizes network resources

Wireless Carrier Ethernet

Backhaul Network

Business center

GE

WiMAX / 4G / LTE
Cellular site
WiMAX

STM-1 / OC-3

Ceragon
TDM
E1/T1

Ceragon

Hub / Aggregation site

2G/3G base station

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Fundamental Fact
Dynamic
WWW

Multimedia

FTP

Not all traffic is the same!

emails

Skype

So why treated equally?...

Whosfirst?
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Static
WWW

9/23/2010

Traffic Engineering as a Solution

Your 1st assignment is identifying needs & solutions:
Dynamic
WWW

What is the BW requirement per service ?

Video requires more than voice

Static
WWW

Multimedia

Data
D t requires
i
lless th
than video
id
FTP requires more than emails

FTP

What is the delay sensitivity of each service?

emails

Delayed Voice is inacceptable

FTP can tolerate delays

Skype
Your

2nd

assignment is grouping services into SLAs:

Video & Multimedia Low Services (Best Effort)

FTP Moderate Service
Skype Highest Service

Your 3rd assignment is configuring QoS in your network

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QoS in IP-10

9/23/2010

IP-10G L2 ETH Switch Ports

The IP-10Gs L2 Switch has 8 ports:

Port #1 GbE (Opt. / Elec.)

Port #2 GbE ((Opt.
p / Elec.))
Port #3 to port #7 FE
Port #8 (Radio port)

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QoS Process
Q4

Q4

25
10

50

Q1

Q3
Q2

Rate Limit

Queuing

Scheduling

Egress Port (s)

Ingress Port

12

Shaping

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9/23/2010

Ingress VS. Egress

Every Switch port applies Ingress Rules and Egress Rules depending on traffic
characteristics (L2 header and applied policies)

Ingress
port

Egress
port

Customer
Network

Provider
Network

Egress
port

Ingress
port

Customer
Network

Provider
Network

13

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Ingress VS. Egress: IP-10

Radio port (ETH port #8):
Ingress traffic relates to traffic received from remote IDU
Egress traffic relates to traffic sent to remote IDU

Non-Radio ports (ports 1 to 7*):

Ingress traffic relates to traffic received from customer
Egress traffic relates to traffic sent to customer
Ingress
Egress

P t 1-7*
Port
1 7*

Port 1-7*
Radio

Radio

Egress
Ingress
* Ports 7, 6 & 5 can be used as management or data
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9/23/2010

Ingress Rate Limiting

Users can configure maximum ingress rate per port
Exceeding traffic will be discarded
Rate limitation can be configured per type of traffic (Policers)

FE Max.
Rate

25
10

50

100Mbps

Discard

Max. Allowed
R t
Rate

Pass
Actual
Customer
Traffic

Time
Example: Policer assigned to FE interface
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Using Queues
Every port of the L2 switch examines the ingress traffic and then it sorts it in a
buffer according to classification criteria
This process is called Queuing
Users can configure up to 4 queues where Q4 has the max. priority and Q1
has the lowest priority

Q4

High

Q3
Q2
Q1
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Low

9/23/2010

Using Queuing

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Scheduling (1)
Once the queues are filled with information, we need to empty them
Which queue should we empty first?
Round-Robin:
Emptying cycle is fixed all queues are treated equally

Q4

High

Q4

Q3

Q3
Q1

Q1

Q2
Q1
18

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q2
Pro: no queue starvation
Con: no prioritization

Low
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9/23/2010

Scheduling (2)
Weighted Round-Robin:
Emptying cycle is configurable every queue can be given specific weight

Q4

High

Q4

Q4

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q4

Q2
Pro: no queue starvation

Q1

Low

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Scheduling (3)
4th Strict Priority:
The switch will empty Q4 as long as it has something
Once empty switch will perform RR on lower queues
If Q4 receives a frame during the Lower-Queues-RR, it will go back to focus
on Q4

Q4

High

Q1

Q3

Q3
Q3

20

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q4

Q2

Q2
Q1

Q4

Pro: Optimized Prioritization

Con: Queue starvation

Low
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9/23/2010

Scheduling (4)
All Strict Priority:
The switch will empty a queue as long as the higher queue is empty

Q4

High

Q3
Q3

Q4

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q4

Q2
Pro: no queue starvation
Q1
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Low
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Shaping
Bursts beyond a EIR (Excessive Information Rate) can be buffered and
retransmitted when capacity frees up, and only when shaping buffers are full
will packets be dropped.

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9/23/2010

Possible Scenarios

No need for
f
Ingress Queuing

Port 1-7*

Port 1-7*
Radio

Ingress
Queuing

Radio

Radio Egress
Scheduler =
Strict Priority

23

No need
g
for Egress
Scheduler

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Possible Scenarios

Ingress Queuing is
required in port 8

Port 1-7*

Port 1-7*
Radio

Ingress
Queuing

24

Radio

Radio Egress
Scheduler =
Round Robin

Egress
Scheduler
is required

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9/23/2010

ThankYou!
training@ceragon.com
training@ceragon
com

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