Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Sethu Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Sethu Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Sethu Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
4
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Velammal College of Engineering & Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Abstract
Field of image processing has vast applications in medical, forensic, research etc., It includes various domains like enhancement,
classification, segmentation, etc., which are widely used for these applications. Image Enhancement is the pre processing step on
which the accuracy of the result lies. Image enhancement aims to improve the visual appearance of an image, without affecting
the original attributes (i.e.,) image contrast is adjusted and noise is removed to produce better quality image. Hence image
enhancement is one of the most important tasks in image processing. Enhancement is classified into two categories spatial domain
enhancement and frequency domain enhancement. Spatial domain enhancement acts upon pixel value whereas frequency domain
enhancement acts on the Fourier transform of the image. The enhancement techniques to be used depend on modality, climatic
and visual perspective etc., In this paper, we present a survey on various existing image enhancement techniques.
Keywords: Enhancement, Spatial domain enhancement, Frequency domain enhancement, Contrast, Modality.
--------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------1. INTRODUCTION
3.
SPATIAL
DOMAIN
ENHANCEMENT
TECHNQUES
In spatial domain image enhance technique transformations
are applied directly on the pixels. Point processing methods,
log transformation, histogram processing, morphological
operators are few spatial domain enhancement operations
that are discussed below.
s L 1 r
-- (1)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
455
s cLog 1 r
-- (2)
hv round
L 1
m n cdf min
-- (3)
I 0 x, y f I x, y
-- (4)
Tw I I I b
Where denotes the opening operation.
Black Top-Hat Transformation:
Tb I I b I
T r s
Where s is,
-- (6)
-- (7)
Bottom-Hat
Transformation:
The
bottom-hat
transformation [7] is used for dark objects on a light
background. This operator subtracts input image from
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
456
Tbh I I I b
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
9
1 1 1
-- (8)
S cr
-- (9)
0 1 0
1 4 1
0 1 0
g x, y g x, y
ln
d x, y
1 2 1
1
2 4 2
16
1 2 1
1 1 1
1 8 1
1 1 1
1 0
0 1
0 1
1 0
1 2 1
0
0
0
1
2
1
-- (10)
1 0 1
2 0 2
1 0 1
-- (11)
d x, y maxg x p, y p ming x p, y p
-- (12)
Where,
p w / 2 ~ w / 2
q w / 2 ~ w / 2
Where
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
457
REFERENCES
s T r
-- (13)
BIOGRAPHIES
5. CONCLUSION
In this paper, various techniques of enhancement discussed.
Point processing enhances the contrast of the image. Image
negative is widely used where brighter regions embedded in
darker region acts as ROI. This is used in medical image
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
458
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
459