Lecture 16 Objectives: Work

1. Determine the work done by constant force

acting on a system.
2. Determine the total work done on a system
composed of one or more objects.
3. Determine the work done by a varying force on a
system from a force-vs-displacement graph.

b
ay
ax

by
bx

http://betterexplained.com/articles/vector-calculus-understanding-the-dot-product/

Work is not a job or a measure of exhaustion.

As a scientific concept, work is not a JOB.
You do work by exerting the force on a body while that body
moves from one place to another.

Work is related to force and displacement.

= =
where is the angle between and
Recall dot product: = =

In 2D motion, = + and = +
= +
Work has the unit of joule (J). 1 J = 1 Nm
3

Work can be positive, negative, or zero.

Case 1: Force is along the motion.

=
Work is positive.

Work can be positive, negative, or zero.

Case 2: A component of force is along the motion.

=
Work is positive.

Work can be positive, negative, or zero.

Case 3: Force is opposite the direction of motion.

=
Work is negative.
Negative work means work is done by the object (not on the object)
We will discuss more about this next week

Work can be positive, negative, or zero.

Case 4: Force is perpendicular to the direction of
motion.

Work is zero.
Summary (if motion and force applied are in 1D):
Same direction of force and displacement: positive
Opposite direction of force and displacement: negative
perpendicular direction of force and displacement: zero

Work is done in lifting the

barbell.
If the barbell could be lifted
twice as high, the weight lifter
would have to do twice as
much work.

What is the work done

by the lifter?
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
ZERO
What is the work done
by the gravity?
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
ZERO
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Work is done in lifting the

barbell.
If the barbell could be lifted
twice as high, the weight lifter
would have to do twice as
much work.

What is the work done

by the lifter?
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
ZERO
What is the work done
by the gravity?
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
ZERO
9

Sample Problem: Work done by a constant force

Steve exerts a steady force of magnitude 210N on a
stalled car as he pushes it a distance of 18m. The car
has a flat tire, so to make the car track straight Steve
must push at an angle of 30o to the direction of motion.
How much work does Steve do?
Given:
F = 210N
s = 18m
angle = 30o
Required: Work

10

Sample Problem: Work done by a constant force

Steve pushes a second stalled car with a steady
force = 160 40. The displacement of the
car is = 14 + 11. How much work does
Steve do in this case?
Given:
= 160 40
= 14 + 11
Required: Work

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Work can also be done by multiple forces.

Work done by each force just add up.
= 1 + 2 +
= 1 + 2 +
=
If all of forces cancel out, total work done on the
system is zero; however, work done by each force
may not be zero.
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Sample Problem: Work done by several forces

A farmer hitches her tractor to a sled loaded with firewood and
pulls it a distance of 20m along level ground. The total weight of
sled and the load is 14700N. The tractor exerts a constant 5000N force at an angle of 36.9o above the horizontal. There is a
3500-N friction force opposing the sleds motion.
Find the work done by each force acting on a sled and the total
work done by all the force.
Given:
F or FT = 5000N
d = 20m
w = 14700N
f = 3500N
Angle = 36.9o
Required: work done by all forces acting and WTotal
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Given:
F or FT = 5000N
d = 20m
w = 14700N
f = 3500N
Wf,WT, Ww Wn
Angle = 36.9o
Required: work done by all forces acting and WTotal

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Wn = 0 and Ww = 0
since motion is perpendicular
to these forces

15

Summary

= =
where is the angle between and

REMINDER:
RECIT 6 (DUE: FRIDAY)
PROBLEM SETS (WRITE YOUR
SECTION ABOVE YOUR NAME)
EXAM RESULTS (LATER - WED)

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(1)
(2)
At the top, the equation of motion is:

2
= + =

(3) =

At the bottom, the equation of motion is:

2
= + = +

(4) = +

Seatwork
- solve problems in your
notebooks
- write the answers only in
your bluebook
- indicate the date

March 01, 2016

1. Blah?
2. Blah blah!
3. Blah blah blah!
4. Blah blah blah blah!

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1. Leslie pushes a 10.0 kg cabinet horizontally on a level surface

with an applied force of 25.0 N. If the cabinet slides on the surface
by 5.00 m, what is the work done by gravity on the cabinet?
(a) - 491 J
(b) - 125 J
(c) 0 J
(d) 125 J
2. A loaded grocery cart is rolling across a parking lot in a strong
wind. You apply a constant force = 30.0N 40.0N to the cart
as it undergoes a displacement = 9.0m 3.0m . How much
work did you exert on the grocery cart?

(a) 150J

(b) 390J

(c) 150J

(d) -390J

A factory worker pushes (horizontally) a 30.0kg crate with a distance of

4.5m along a level floor at constant velocity. The coefficient of kinetic
friction between the crate and floor is 0.25. (Draw FBD)
3) What magnitude of force did the worker apply?
4) How much work is done on the crate by the workers force?
5) How much work is done on the crate by the friction?
6) How much work is done on the crate by the normal force?
7) How much work is done on the crate by the gravitational force?
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8) Calculate the total work done on the crate?