Exam three study guide (Social Influence/Persuasion, & Prejudice: Chs. 6-10).

Per
convention, know all about the following including what it is/represents, how it has been
studied and could be applied, then come in to class to fill out your bubble sheet for an
A

Aschs research on conformity, both new and old (book, lecture and videos) The
old is the lines test. And the new is the matching shapes test. Both confirmed that
Peoplefacedwithstronggroupconsensussometimesgoalongeventhoughthey
thinktheothersmaybewrong.95%guessedcorrectlywhenaloneand75%went
againsttheirowneyesifthegroupgavethewronganswer.
Milgrams study and its variants.
What is peripheral (and central) processing in persuasion (Book/lectures)? Its the
two ways of processing in persuasion. The ability and motivation to pay close
attention is needed to use the central route but if one of it, as in ability or
motivation is missing, people tend to focus on other factors rather than quality,
such as attractiveness of the communicator or the number of arguments.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Heiders Balance Theory (lectures) To agree
with those we like, disagree with we dont like that result in feeling of harmony in
our world is the theory of balance. Cognitive dissonance theory occurs when our
behavior is at an imbalance with our attitude or belief.
What do we know about the relationship between self-esteem and prejudice
(lecture)? People with lowself esteem are more likely to be prejudice however,
when people with highself esteem who are threatened with failure they are far
more likely to be far more prejudice.
Can you explain Festinger & Carlsmiths (1959) classic study and its implications
(lecture, book, video)? Basically its to prove that behavior changes attitude as
well. People were given a boring task and paid ($1 or $20) and told to tell the next
group what a fun task it was. The subjects that received 20 had no problem telling
the next group that the task was fun because they didnt experience cognitive
dissonance due to the fact that the boring task was being compensated with the
money they received. However those only getting paid $1 had to change their
attitude of the task being boring to a more enjoyable one to come at balance
because now when they tell the group that this was such a fun task they wouldnt
be lying, they would be telling the truth which brings them back to balance.
Can you describe Heiders Balance theory (lecture, book)? So for example theres
a really hot celebrity that I like and on Tv I see him trying to vote for Donald
trump so Im like hell na (at an imbalance) someone I like is supporting
something I dont like. so im like okay, whats more important, my political views
and how this guy being elected will affect me or this fine ass celebrity. Obviously
I make up my mind with the political views and then I change my views of not
liking the celebrity to come back to balance. Disliking someone that disagrees
with me.
If you believe science is good would you be more or less likely to obey an
authority figure like that in the Milgram study? There is no correlation between

science and authority figure but one might justify their obedience action to Im
contributing to science
Why might distracting people be useful in persuasion (book)? Distraction causes
the blocking of cognitive response to a message
What does it mean to subtype (lecture)? Subgroup under main group. I.e. under
women are femimist and stay at home mother
What is the minimal group paradigm (lecture, book) It is in our DNA to favor
our own and be distrusting even on minimal categories.(giving money
to those labeled as over estimators)
How can distracting people influence persuasion (lecture, book)?
How might labeling influence persuasion (lecture, book)? Labeling activates
favorable self-image. It motivates the person to act in ways consistent with
self-image.

What are the differences between prejudice and discrimination (lecture, book)?
Prejudice is how we feel about something and discrimination is the directed
behavior towards that something
Know the key findings and hypotheses of Dr. Shorts study bundled in your text;
relationship between racial prejudice and justice towards immigration. Whites that
were more prejudice tended to be more aggressive towards the topic of
immigration.
Why is stereotyping normal human information processing (lecture, book)?
Because it helps us navigate this complex, information rich social environment
with an economy of mental effort
What does it mean to be low-balled (lecture, book)? When a requester gains
commitment in an arrangement and then raising the price to carry out the
arrangement
Describe Realistic Group Conflict theory (lecture, book); Why Americans dislike
immigrants. refers to how intergroup hostility can occur over

limited resources.

What is the outgroup homogeneity effect (book)? labeling and

overestimating people outside your group as being similar to one

another. Because we generally fail to appreaciate the variety of
facial features possessed by members of other racial groups,
often because we tend to categorize outgroup members instead
of thinking of them individually
Can you describe stereotype threat (book)? If Im told that black people usually
dont do well on a test Im about to take, Im more likely to do poorly on the test.
This stereotype threat studies reveal that an individual is at risk of performing
below potential level in fear of confirming the negative stereo type held of their
groups

How would you describe scapegoat theory (book)? In

essence, they use the group they dislike as their target for all the

anger.

Blaming others for our own inadequacies and

others are typically those already hated by society

Can we measure unconscious attitudes (lecture, book videos)? Yes like the
implicit association test