CG Coursefile

Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
Course Name
: COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Course Number
: A56031
Course Designation: Core

Prerequisites
:
Mathematics knowledge of
Elementary Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry & Calculus
Computer Programming Knowledge in C, C++

& JAVA
III B Tech II Semester

(2014-2015)
SYLLABUS
Unit I
Unit II
Unit III
Unit IV
Unit V
Introduction to Computer Graphics: Application areas of Computer Graphics, Elements of Pictures

created in Computer Graphics, Graphics Display Devices, Graphics Input Primitives and Devices.
Drawing Figures : Making Pictures, Drawing Basic Graphics Primitives, Making Line Drawings,
Simple Interaction with the Mouse and Key board
Drawing Tools: Introduction, World Windows and Viewports, Clipping Lines, Developing the
Canvas Class, Relative Drawing, and Figures Based on Regular Polygons, Drawing Circles and
Arcs, Using the Parametric Form of a Curve.
Vector Tools for Graphics: Introduction, Review of Vectors, The Dot Product, The Cross Product
of Two Vectors, Representations of Key Geometric Objects, Finding the Intersection of Two Line
Segments, Intersections of Lines with Planes, and Clipping.
Transformations of Objects: Introduction, Introduction to Transformations, 3D Affine
Transformations, Changing Coordinate Systems, Using Affine Transformations in a Program,
Drawing 3D Scenes with OpenGL.
Modeling Shapes with Polygonal Meshes: Introduction, Introduction to Solid Modeling with
Polygonal Meshes, Polyhedra.
Three-Dimensional Viewing: Introduction, The Camera Revisited, Building a Camera in a
Program, Perspective Projections of 3D Objects, and Taxonomy of Projections.
Rendering Faces for Visual Realism: Introduction, Introduction to Shading Models, Flat Shading
and Smooth Shading, Removing Hidden Surfaces, Adding Texture to Faces.
Curve and Surface Design : Introduction, Describing Curves b y Means of Polynomials, On
Interactive Curve Design, Bezier Curves for Curve Design, Properties of Bezier Curves, Finding
Better Blending Functions, The B-Spline Basis Functions, Useful Properties of B-Spline Curves
for Design, Rational Splines and NURBS Curves, A glimpse a t Interpolation, Modeling Curved
Surfaces.
TEXT BOOKS & OTHER REFERENCES

Text Books
Computer Graphics Using OpenGL, Francis S.Hill Jr. Stephen M Kelley, 3 rd edition.
1.
Prentice Hall.
References
1. Computer Graphics C Version, Donald Hearn and M.Pauline Baker Pearson
Education.
2.
2. Computer Graphics Principles and Practice C.foley, VanDam, Feiner and
Hughes, Pearson Education.
Websites References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
http://oss.sgi.com/projects/ogl-sample/registry/
http://www.iicm.edu/maurer
www.intangibleinc.com
Time Table
Room No: 104 A BLOCK

1
Time
9:00
-09:50
MON
CG
TUE
CG
WED
THU
FRI
CG
2
09.50
10:40
3
10:40
11:30
11:30 12:
20
12.201.00
1:00
1:50
LUNCH BREAK
Class
Hour
W.E.F: 08-12-2014
7
1:50
2:40
2:40
3:30
3.304.20
CG
SAT
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
PEO1
The Graduates are employable as software professionals in reputed

industries.
5
PEO2
The Graduates analyze problems by applying the principles of computer

science, mathematics and scientific investigation to design and
implement industry accepted solutions using latest technologies.
PEO3
The Graduates work productively in supportive and leadership roles on

multidisciplinary teams with effective communication and team work skills
with high regard to legal and ethical responsibilities.
PEO4
The Graduates embrace lifelong learning to meet ever changing

developments in computer science and Engineering.
PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

PO1
An ability to communicate effectively and work on multidisciplinary teams
PO2
An ability to identify, formulate and solve computer system problems with

professional and ethical responsibility.
PO3
A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning

to use the latest techniques, skills and modern engineering tools
PO4
The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering

solutions in a global, economic, environmental and social context
PO5
An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and computing to

analyze, design and implement solutions to the realistic problems.
PO6
An ability to apply suitable process with the understanding of software

development practice.
Course Outcomes:
1.
Identify and explain the core concepts of computer graphics.
2. To illustrate and discover a selection of classic raster algorithms such as the CohenSutherland two-dimensional clipping algorithm on points in world-coordinate space,
6
Bresenhams line-drawing algorithm in two-dimensional space, and scan-line conversion
of polygons.
3.
To Apply linear affine transformations such as scaling, translation, and rotation to points
in two- and three-dimensional space and analyze the effects of such transformations on
the points in a rendered scene
4. To analyze and Define and perform the perspective and orthographic projections on
points and scenes in three-dimensional space and to create effective OpenGL programs to
solve graphics programming issues, including 3D transformation, objects modeling,
lighting, textures, and ray tracing.
5.
To Interpret the mathematics, underlying two- and three-dimensional interpolating curves

and surfaces (for example, Bezier curves and surfaces)
Evaluation Methodology:
S.No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Method of Evaluation
Internal Exam -I
Internal Exam -II
Assignment I
Assignment -II
External Exam
Examination Dates
11.02.2015 to 13.02.2015
13.04.2015 to 16.04.2015
Before 10.02.2015
Before 09.04.2015
27.04.2015 to 08.05.2015
Marks
20
20
5
5
75
MAPPING OF COURSE OBJECTIVES & COURSE OUT COMES WITH

POs & PEOs
Course Outcomes
1
2
3
4
5
COURSE SCHEDULE
Distribution of Hours Unit Wise
POs
2,5
3,5
5
5
5
PEOs
2
2
2
2
2
8
Chapters
Unit
Topic
Book1
II
III
IV
Introduction to Computer Graphics:

Application areas of Computer
Graphics, Elements of Pictures
created in Computer Graphics,
Graphics Display Devices, Graphics
Input Primitives and Devices.
Drawing Figures: Making Pictures,
Drawing Basic Graphics Primitives,
Making Line Drawings, Simple
Interaction with the Mouse and Key
board.
Computer Graphics
Using OpenGL,
Francis S.Hill Jr.
Stephen M Kelley, 3rd
edition. Prentice Hall.
Drawing Tools: Introduction, World

Windows and Viewports, Clipping
Lines, Developing the Canvas Class,
Relative Drawing, and Figures Based
on Regular Polygons, Drawing
Circles and Arcs, Using the
Parametric Form of a Curve.
Vector Tools for Graphics:
Introduction, Review of Vectors, The
Dot Product, The Cross Product of
Two Vectors, Representations of Key
Geometric Objects, Finding the
Intersection of Two Line Segments,
Intersections of Lines with Planes,
and Clipping.
Computer Graphics
Using OpenGL,
Francis S.Hill Jr.
Transformations of Objects:
Introduction, Introduction to
Transformations, 3D Affine
Transformations, Changing
Coordinate Systems, Using Affine
Transformations in a Program,
Drawing 3D Scenes with OpenGL.
Modeling Shapes with Polygonal
Meshes: Introduction, Introduction to
Solid Modeling with Polygonal
Meshes, Polyhedra.
Three-Dimensional Viewing:
Introduction, The Camera Revisited,
Building a Camera in a Program,
Perspective Projections of 3D
Objects, and Taxonomy of
Projections.
Rendering Faces for Visual Realism:
Introduction, Introduction to Shading
Computer Graphics
Using OpenGL,
Francis S.Hill Jr.
Book2
Total No. of
Hours
12
18
Computer Graphics
Using OpenGL,
Francis S.Hill Jr.
20
15
Models, Flat Shading and Smooth

Shading, Removing Hidden Surfaces,
Adding Texture to Faces.
Curve and Surface Design :
Introduction, Describing Curves b y
Means of Polynomials, On
Interactive Curve Design, Bezier
Curves for Curve Design, Properties
of Bezier Curves, Finding Better
Blending Functions, The B-Spline
Basis Functions, Useful Properties of
B-Spline Curves for Design, Rational
Splines and NURBS Curves, A
glimpse a t Interpolation, Modeling
Curved Surfaces.
Computer Graphics
Using OpenGL,
Francis S.Hill Jr.
Contact classes for Syllabus coverage
15
80
Tutorial Classes : 05 ; Online Quiz : 1 per unit

Descriptive Tests : 02 (Before Mid Examination)
Revision classes :1 per unit
Number of Hours / lectures available in this Semester / Year
65
The number of topic in every unit is not the same because of the variation, all
the units have an unequal distribution of hours
Lecture Plan
10
S. No.
Topic
Date of Completion
Unit-1
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Application areas of Computer Graphics
Elements of Pictures created in Computer Graphics
Graphics Display Devices
Graphics Input Primitives and Devices
Drawing Figures
Making Pictures
Drawing Basic Graphics Primitives
Making Line Drawings
10
Simple Interaction with the Mouse and Key board
Unit-2
1
Drawing Tools: Introduction
World Windows and Viewports
Clipping Lines
Developing the Canvas Class
Relative Drawing
Figures Based on Regular Polygons
Drawing Circles and Arcs
Using the Parametric Form of a Curve
Vector Tools for Graphics : Introduction
10
Review of Vectors
11
The Dot Product
12
The Cross Product of Two Vectors
13
Representations of Key Geometric Objects
14
Finding the Intersection of Two Line Segments
15
Intersections of Lines with Planes, and Clipping
Unit-3
1
Transformations of Objects: Introduction
Introduction to Transformations
11
3
3D Affine Transformations
Changing Coordinate Systems
Using Affine Transformations in a Program
Drawing 3D Scenes with OpenGL
Modeling Shapes with Polygonal Meshes: Introduction
Introduction to Solid Modeling with Polygonal Meshes, Polyhedra
Unit-4
1
Three-Dimensional Viewing : Introduction
The Camera Revisited
Building a Camera in a Program
Perspective Projections of 3D Objects
Taxonomy of Projections
Rendering Faces for Visual Realism : Introduction
Introduction to Shading Models
Flat Shading and Smooth Shading
Removing Hidden Surfaces
10
Adding Texture to Faces
Unit-5
1
Curve and Surface Design : Introduction
Describing Curves by Means of Polynomials
On Interactive Curve Design, Bezier Curves for Curve Design
Properties of Bezier Curves
Finding Better Blending Functions
The B-Spline Basis Functions
Useful Properties of B-Spline Curves for Design
Rational Splines and NURBS Curves
A glimpse a t Interpolation
10
Modeling Curved Surfaces
12
Date of Unit Completion & Remarks

Unit 1
13
Date
__ / __ / __
Remarks:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Unit 2
Date
__ / __ / __
Remarks:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Unit 3
Date
__ / __ / __
Remarks:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Unit 4
Date
__ / __ / __
Remarks:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Unit 5
Date
Remarks:
__ / __ / __
14
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Unit Wise Assignments (With different Levels of thinking

(Blooms Taxonomy))
Note: For every question please mention the level of Blooms taxonomy
Unit 1
Levels of thinking
Blooms Taxonomy
15
L4
1.
a. Illustrate various applications of computer graphics used in real

world.
b. Briefly outline the advantage of openGL software of graphics.
L4
2.
a. Outline various output primitives used to create a picture in

graphics in open gal.
b. Explain various graphics display devices available to plot a
picture.
L4
3.
a. Write various graphics input primitives and devices.

b. Write a short notes on:1. Device independent programming and openGL
2. Windows based programming
3. Line drawings in openGL
4. openGL data types
5. Interaction with mouse and keyboard
Design an algorithm for drawing the sierpinski gasket and write
the opengl function to render the image.
a. Design an application for the illustration of menus in opengl.
b. Outline the different kinds of controls available in GLUI menus.
Write an Open GL program for a 2 D Sierpinski gasket using
mid point of each of triangle. Indicate the assumptions made in
generating the above.
L5
L4
7.
What are the various classes of logical input devices that are
supported by open GL? Explain the functionality of each of these
classes.
8.
Enlist the various features that a good interactive program should

include.
L4
Explain the OpenGL features for graphics programming.
L4
4.
5.
6.
9.
L5
L4
Unit 2
1.
2.
a. Summarize the steps for mapping from the window to viewport.

b. Using window to viewport formulation find the values of
A,B,C,D for window(w.l,w.r,w.b,w.t)=(0,2.0,0,1.0) and
viewport(v.l,v.r,v.b,v.t)=(40,400,60,300)
L4
Explain cohen-sutherland line clipping algorithm. For the given

window by(left,right,bottom,top)=(30,220,50,240) and the
following line segments:
1. A(40,140) , B(100,200)
2. C(10,270) , B(300,0)
3. A(20,10) , B(20,200)
4. A(0,0) , B(250,250)
Determine the endpoints of the clipped segment.
L5
16
3.
Explain and sketch the code for drawing a rosette.
L4
L5
4.
Write a short notes on:1. Parametric form for a curve.

2. Cross and Dot product of vectors.
a. Find when and where the ray A + ct hits the object n. (P-B) = 0
(lines in the 2d or planes in 3D).
i. A= (2,3), c = (4, -4), n= (6,8), B=(7,7)
ii. A= (2-4,3), c = (4, 0,-4), n= (6,9,9), B=(-7,2,7)
b. Find the point where the ray (1,5,2) + (5,-2,6)t hits the plane 2x4y+z=8.
Outline the code and algorithm for Cyrus-Beck Clipping
Algorithm.
Write notes on the following:
i. glViewport( )
ii. glVertex2f( )
iit.glCoIor3f()
iv.g!F!ush()
L5
5.
6.
7.
L4
L4
Unit 3
1.
a. Write briefly about the properties, disadvantages and advantages

of Affine Transformations.
b. Explain how 2D Affine transformations useful in graphics and
formulate their representations in matrix form, with an example.
A pure scaling affine transformation uses scale factors Sx = 3 and
Sy = -2. Find the image of each of the three objects in Figure 5.12
under this transformation, and sketch them. (Make use of the facts
- to be proved later - that an affine transformations maps straight
lines to straight lines, and ellipses to ellipses.)
L4
a. Find the image of each of the following points after rotation

about the origin:
i. (2,3) through an angle of -45o.
ii. (1,1) through an angle of -180o.
iii. (60,61) through an angle of 4o.
Consider the shear for which g = .4 and h = 0. Experiment with
various sets of three collinear points to build some assurance that
the sheared points are still collinear. Then, assuming that lines do
shear into lines, determine into what objects the following line
segments shear:
L3
L4
2.
3.
4.
L4
17
a. the horizontal segment between ( - 3, 4) and (2, 4);
b. the horizontal segment between ( - 3, - 4) and (2, - 4);
c. the vertical segment between ( - 2, 5) and ( - 2, - 1);
d. the vertical segment between (2, 5) and (2, - 1);
e. the segment between ( - 1, - 2) and (3, 2);
5.
6.
7.
Explain rotation, transformation and scaling, with respect to Two dimensions.
L4
Explain rotation, shear and scaling, with respect to an arbitrary point for Three L4
dimensions.
Outline the procedure for reflection about a tilted line.
L5
8.
Outline the properties of affine transformation.
L5
L5
9.
Discuss the following OpenGL function:

i. gtScaiedO
ii. glTranslatedO
iii.glRotated()
10.
What are Polygonal meshes? Discuss their use in making any

graphic object.
L4
Unit-4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
a) Discuss the production of stereo views.

b) What are shading models? Also discuss difference between flat
shading and smooth shading.
a) Discuss the following OpenGL functions:
i. gluLookAt( )
ii. gluPerspective( )
b) Discuss the creation of a light source in OpenGL.
Explain the Z-Buffer method of Hidden Surface removal.
L4
L4
L3
Discuss the Illumination and shading models for polygons.
L3
Briefly explain the orthographic viewing with open GL functions

for 2D & 3D and viewing. Indicate the significance of projection
plane and the viewing point in this.
L5
Explain the complete procedure of converting a world object

frame into camera or eye frame, using the model view matrix.
L5
Briefly discuss the following along with the functions used for the
purpose in openGL.
i) Perspective projections
ii) Orthogonal projections
L4
a. Explain the Phong lighting model. Indicate the advantages and

disadvantages of this model.
b. What are the different methods available for shading a polygon?
L4
18
Briefly discuss any two of them.
Unit-5
L3
1.
What is parametric curve? Describe curves by means of

polynomials.
2.
Discuss B-Spline curve and its useful function.
L4
3.
Find the equation of the Bezier curve that passes through (0, 0)
and (4, 2) and controlled through (14, 10) and (4, 0).
L4
6.
What are B-spline curves? Explain briefly mentioning a few of

their properties.
Enumerate the major differences between Bezier curve, B- spline
curves and B- spline curve-NURBS.
Mention any fourproperties of B-spline curves.
7.
Explain briefly about Blending Functions
L4
L4
8.
Explain how to generate a Bezier Curve using the blending

functions.
4.
5.
L3
L4
L4
Unit Wise Case Studies (With different Levels of thinking

(Blooms Taxonomy))
19
Note: For every Case Study please mention the level of Blooms taxonomy
Unit 1
1.
Pseudorandom Clouds of Dots
2.
How to build and run mazes
Levels of
thinking
Blooms
Taxonomy
L3
L3
Unit 2
1.
Implementation of the Cohen-Sutherland Clipper in C/C++ and CyrusBeck Clipping
2.
Animation with Tweening
L3
L5
Unit 3
1.
Drawing 3D scenes described by SDL
2.
Meshes stored in files.
L3
L4
Unit 4
1
Flying a Camera through a scene
Creating shaded objects using OpenGL
L5
L4
Unit 5
1.
Bezier Curves
L5
2.
Implementing shadows in a ray tracer
L4
20
Unit Wise Important Questions (With different Levels of

thinking (Blooms Taxonomy))
Note: For every question please mention the level of Blooms taxonomy
Unit 1
Levels of thinking
Blooms Taxonomy
L4
1.
a. Illustrate various applications of computer graphics used in real

world.
b. Briefly outline the advantage of openGL software of graphics.
L4
2.
a. Outline various output primitives used to create a picture in

graphics in open gal.
b. Explain various graphics display devices available to plot a
picture.
L4
3.
a. Write various graphics input primitives and devices.

b. Write a short notes on:6. Device independent programming and openGL
7. Windows based programming
8. Line drawings in openGL
9. openGL data types
10. Interaction with mouse and keyboard
Design an algorithm for drawing the sierpinski gasket and write
the opengl function to render the image.
a. Design an application for the illustration of menus in opengl.
b. Outline the different kinds of controls available in GLUI menus.
Write an Open GL program for a 2 D Sierpinski gasket using
mid point of each of triangle. Indicate the assumptions made in
generating the above.
L5
L4
7.
What are the various classes of logical input devices that are
supported by open GL? Explain the functionality of each of these
classes.
8.
Enlist the various features that a good interactive program should

include.
L4
Explain the OpenGL features for graphics programming.
L4
4.
5.
6.
9.
L5
L4
Unit 2
1.
a. Summarize the steps for mapping from the window to viewport.

b. Using window to viewport formulation find the values of
A,B,C,D for window(w.l,w.r,w.b,w.t)=(0,2.0,0,1.0) and
viewport(v.l,v.r,v.b,v.t)=(40,400,60,300)
L4
21
2.
Explain cohen-sutherland line clipping algorithm. For the given

window by(left,right,bottom,top)=(30,220,50,240) and the
following line segments:
1. A(40,140) , B(100,200)
2. C(10,270) , B(300,0)
3. A(20,10) , B(20,200)
4. A(0,0) , B(250,250)
Determine the endpoints of the clipped segment.
3.
Explain and sketch the code for drawing a rosette.
L4
L5
4.
Write a short notes on:1. Parametric form for a curve.

2. Cross and Dot product of vectors.
a. Find when and where the ray A + ct hits the object n. (P-B) = 0
(lines in the 2d or planes in 3D).
i. A= (2,3), c = (4, -4), n= (6,8), B=(7,7)
ii. A= (2-4,3), c = (4, 0,-4), n= (6,9,9), B=(-7,2,7)
b. Find the point where the ray (1,5,2) + (5,-2,6)t hits the plane 2x4y+z=8.
Outline the code and algorithm for Cyrus-Beck Clipping
Algorithm.
Write notes on the following:
i. glViewport( )
ii. glVertex2f( )
iit.glCoIor3f()
iv.g!F!ush()
L5
5.
6.
7.
L5
L4
L4
Unit 3
1.
2.
a. Write briefly about the properties, disadvantages and advantages

of Affine Transformations.
b. Explain how 2D Affine transformations useful in graphics and
formulate their representations in matrix form, with an example.
A pure scaling affine transformation uses scale factors Sx = 3 and
Sy = -2. Find the image of each of the three objects in Figure 5.12
under this transformation, and sketch them. (Make use of the facts
- to be proved later - that an affine transformations maps straight
lines to straight lines, and ellipses to ellipses.)
L4
L4
22
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
a. Find the image of each of the following points after rotation

about the origin:
i. (2,3) through an angle of -45o.
ii. (1,1) through an angle of -180o.
iii. (60,61) through an angle of 4o.
Consider the shear for which g = .4 and h = 0. Experiment with
various sets of three collinear points to build some assurance that
the sheared points are still collinear. Then, assuming that lines do
shear into lines, determine into what objects the following line
segments shear:
a. the horizontal segment between ( - 3, 4) and (2, 4);
b. the horizontal segment between ( - 3, - 4) and (2, - 4);
c. the vertical segment between ( - 2, 5) and ( - 2, - 1);
d. the vertical segment between (2, 5) and (2, - 1);
e. the segment between ( - 1, - 2) and (3, 2);
Explain rotation, transformation and scaling, with respect to Two dimensions.
L3
L4
L4
Explain rotation, shear and scaling, with respect to an arbitrary point for Three L4
dimensions.
Outline the procedure for reflection about a tilted line.
L5
Outline the properties of affine transformation.
L5
L5
9.
Discuss the following OpenGL function:

i. gtScaiedO
ii. glTranslatedO
iii.glRotated()
10.
What are Polygonal meshes? Discuss their use in making any

graphic object.
L4
8.
Unit-4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a) Discuss the production of stereo views.

b) What are shading models? Also discuss difference between flat
shading and smooth shading.
a) Discuss the following OpenGL functions:
i. gluLookAt( )
ii. gluPerspective( )
b) Discuss the creation of a light source in OpenGL.
Explain the Z-Buffer method of Hidden Surface removal.
L4
L4
L3
Discuss the Illumination and shading models for polygons.
L3
Briefly explain the orthographic viewing with open GL functions

for 2D & 3D and viewing. Indicate the significance of projection
L5
23
plane and the viewing point in this.
6.
7.
8.
Explain the complete procedure of converting a world object

frame into camera or eye frame, using the model view matrix.
L5
Briefly discuss the following along with the functions used for the
purpose in openGL.
i) Perspective projections
ii) Orthogonal projections
L4
Explain the Phong lighting model. Indicate the advantages and

disadvantages of this model.
b. What are the different methods available for shading a polygon?
Briefly discuss any two of them.
L4
Unit-5
L3
1.
What is parametric curve? Describe curves by means of

polynomials.
2.
Discuss B-Spline curve and its useful function.

Find the equation of the Bezier curve that passes through (0, 0)
and (4, 2) and controlled through (14, 10) and (4, 0).
L4
3.
L4
6.
What are B-spline curves? Explain briefly mentioning a few of

their properties.
Enumerate the major differences between Bezier curve, B- spline
curves and B- spline curve-NURBS.
Mention any four properties of B-spline curves.
7.
Explain briefly about Blending Functions
L4
Explain how to generate a Bezier Curve using the blending

functions.
L4
8.
4.
5.
L3
L4
L4
24
ALL Units Multiple Choice Questions for CRT & Competitive

Examinations
1. Expansion of CRT is ___________.
A. Cathode Ray Tube.
B. Computer Related Tube.
C. Component Related Tools.
D. Common Reflection Tube.
ANSWER: A
2. The operations of most _________________ is based on the Standard Cathode ray tubes.
A. scanners.
B. video monitors.
C. printers.
D. card readers.
ANSWER: B
3. A beam of electrons emitted by an electron gun is also called as ______________.
A. electric rays
B. magnetic rays.
C. cathode rays.
D. infra-red rays.
ANSWER: C
4. Expansion of DDA is ________________.
A. Device Display Analyzer.
B. Digital Differential Analyzer.
C. Digital Device Analyzer
D. Digital Display Analyzer.
ANSWER: B
5. Random scan displays are designed to draw all component lines at of a picture
______________ times
each second.
A. 20 to 40.
B. 30 to 60.
C. 40 to 70.
D. 20 to 50.
ANSWER: B
6. In beam penetration method, ________________ layers of phosphor are usually used.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
ANSWER: B
7. In beam penetration method, ______________and____________ layers of phosphor are
usually used.
A. red and green.
B. blue and green.
25
C. yellow and green
D. orange and green.
ANSWER: A
8. VDU is a ____________ device
A. processing.
B. input.
C. peripheral.
D. hardware.
ANSWER: C
9. The operation of the most video monitors is based on the____________ CRT.
A. static.
B. dynamic.
C. standard.
D. pervasive.
ANSWER: C
10. In cathode ray tube, a beam of electrons is emitted ________________.
A. from the base.
B. by a focusing system.
C. by an electron gun.
D. by deflection plates
ANSWER: C
11. The negatively charged electrons inside the CRT are then accelerated towards
the__________.
A. phosphor coating
B. electron gun.
C. Base
D. Electron beam object
ANSWER: A
12. The magnetic field produced by each pair of coils results in____________ deflection force.
A. transverse.
B. magnetic.
C. slopping.
D. repulsive.
ANSWER: A
13. A major difference between phosphors is their _________________.
A. permanent state.
B. persistence.
C. feebleness.
D. magnetic deflection.
ANSWER: B
14. The diagonal screen dimension of a personal computer system is given as the sizes varying
from about
_____________ inches or more.
A. 12 to 21.
B. 27 to 12.
C. 0 to 27.
D. 4 to 12.
26
ANSWER: A
15. Picture definition is stored in ___________ buffer area in memory.

A. frame.
B. outer.
C. refresh.
D. restore.
ANSWER: A
16. The rate at which the picture is redrawn on the screen is called ___________ rate.
A. buffer.
B. refresh.
C. drawn.
D. delete.
ANSWER: B
17. A system with 24 bites per pixel & a screen resolution of 1024 by 1024
requires____________________ mega byte of storage for frame buffer
A. 9.
B. 7.
C. 3.
D. 2.
ANSWER: C
18. In a black and white system ________________ per pixel is needed to control the intensity
of screen
positions.
A. 0 bit.
B. 1 bit.
C. 2 bits.
D. 3 bits.
ANSWER: B
19. In a high quality system ________________ bits per pixel is needed to control the intensity
of screen
positions.
A. 8.
B. 12.
C. 16.
D. 24.
ANSWER: D
20. On a black and white system with one bit per pixel, the frame buffer is commonly called
as______________.
A. pixmap.
B. pelmap
C. bitsmap.
D. bitmap.
ANSWER: D
21. For systems with multiple bits per pixel, the frame buffer is commonly called as
______________.
27
A. pixmap.
B. pelmap
C. bitsmap.
D. bitmap
ANSWER: A
22. Refresh rate near to ___________ frames per second is an effective technique for avoiding
flicker.
A. 60.
B. 45.
C. 30
D. 15.
ANSWER: A
23. Random scan monitors draw a picture ______________ at a time.
A. one pixel.
B. two pixel.
C. one line.
D. two line.
ANSWER: C
24. In raster scan system the ____________beam is swept across screen.
A. electron.
B. magnetic
C. electro
D. electrothermal
ANSWER: A
25. In raster scan system the electron beam is swept across screen from _____________.
A. right to left.
B. top to bottom.
C. bottom to top.
D. side to side.
ANSWER: B
26. A CRT monitor displays color picture by using a combination of phosphor that emits light of
__________ color
A. same.
B. different.
C. many.
D. Only one.
ANSWER: B
27. Shadow mask methods are commonly used in raster scan system including _____.
A. monitor.
B. beam penetration method.
C. random scan system.
D. color tv
ANSWER: D
28. In flat panel display the emissive displays are devices that converts electric energy
into_____________.
A. obscurity
B. stimulating energy.
C. light energy.
D. non emitting energy.
28
ANSWER: C
29. In liquid crystal display the flat panel device is referred to as a _____________LCD.
A. matrix.
B. passive.
C. active.
D. submissive.
ANSWER: B
30. The refresh buffer also called a _______________ buffer.
A. frame.
B. element.
C. resolution.
D. bitmap.
ANSWER: A
31. Each screen point is referred to as a _______________.
A. point.
B. pixel.
C. position.
D. element.
ANSWER: B
32. Refreshing on raster-scan displays is carried out at the rate of 60 to 80 _____________ per
second.
A. points.
B. pixels
C. positions
D. frames.
ANSWER: D
33. The raster-scan systems, each frame is displayed in two passes using an____________
procedure.
A. interlaced refresh.
B. refresh.
C. providing.
D. vector-displays.
ANSWER: A
34. The magnetic field produced by each pair of coils results in a _______________. a.
transverse
deflection force.
A. transverse deflection force.
B. generic field
C. electron beam.
D. horizontal deflection.
ANSWER: A
35. A property of video monitors is_________________.
A. length.
B. centimeter
C. direction
29
D. aspect ratio.
ANSWER: D
36. Intensity of the electron beam is controlled by setting voltage levels on the________.
A. control panel.
B. electron gun.
C. connector pins.
D. control grid.
ANSWER: D
37. The__________________ emits a small spot of light at each position contacted by the
electron beam.
A. electron gun.
B. control grid.
C. phosphor
D. cathode.
ANSWER: C
38. The maximum number of points that can be displayed without overlap on a CRT is referred
to as
its_____________.
A. persistence.
B. non persistence.
C. resolution
D. distribution.
ANSWER: C
39. Sterio scopic viewing is also a part in ________________.
A. virtual reality system.
B. essential system
C. Actual reality system.
D. Implicit system.
ANSWER: A
40. The primary output devices in a graphics system is a __________________.
A. video monitor.
B. video display devices.
C. cathode ray tube.
D. deflection CRT.
ANSWER: A
41. The focusing system in a CRT is needed to force the electron beam to converge into a
_____________
as it strikes the phosphor.
A. large spot.
B. small spot.
C. double spot
D. spot.
ANSWER: B
42. A shadow-mask CRT has______________ phosphor color dots at each pixel position.
A. five.
B. four
30
C. three
D. two.
ANSWER: C
43. The______________ shadow-mask method, is commonly used in color CRT systems.
A. delta-delta.
B. beta-beta.
C. delta-beta.
D. alpha-alpha.
ANSWER: A
44. Color CRTs in graphics systems are designed as____________.
A. CRT monitors.
B. RGB monitors.
C. DVST monitors.
D. color monitors.
ANSWER: B
45. DVST stands for ________________.
A. Device View Storage Tube.
B. Direct View Space Tube.
C. Direct View Storage Tube.
D. Device View Space Tube.
ANSWER: C
46. The emissive displays are device that convert electrical energy into_____________.
A. light.
B. image
C. pixel
D. colors
ANSWER: A
47. The plasma is also called as ____________ displays.
A. image.
B. glass
C. gas-discharge.
D. glass-discharge
ANSWER: C
48. A beam of slow electrons excites only the outer____________ layer.
A. blue.
B. green
C. white
D. red
ANSWER: D
49. A beam of very fast electrons penetrates through the red layer and excites the
inner_____________
layer.
A. blue.
B. green
C. white
D. red
ANSWER: B
31
50. LED stands for_______________.

A. Light Emitted Display.
B. Light Emitting Display.
C. Light Emitting Diode.
D. Light Emit Diode.
ANSWER: C
51. BSP Stands for________________.
A. Bit Space-Partitioning.
B. Binary Space- Partitioning.
C. Bit Space- positioning.
D. Binary Space- Positioning.
ANSWER: B
52. The simplest model for a light emitter is _______________.
A. light source.
B. open source.
C. data source.
D. point source.
ANSWER: D
53. _______________algorithm are broadly classified according to whether they deal with object
definitions directly or with their projected images.
A. Line clipping.
B. Simple DDA.
C. Visible surface detection.
D. Midpoint algorithm.
ANSWER: C
54. ________________is applied in an object by pre positioning along a straight line.
A. Translation.
B. Rotation
C. Scaling
D. Shearing
ANSWER: A
55. A________ is a transformation that produces a mirror image of an object.
A. reflection.
B. shear
C. translation
D. rotation
ANSWER: A
56. ____________ generally refers to any time sequence of visual changes in a scene.
A. Computer animation.
B. Graphics
C. Visualization.
D. Frame work.
ANSWER: A
57. A world coordinate area selected for display is called as_____________.
32
A. window.
B. Viewport
C. window-to-viewport.
D. Viewing transformation.
ANSWER: A
58. One of the oldest and most popular line clipping procedure is___________.
A. Liang-Barsky Line Clipping.
B. Nicholl-Lee-Nicholl Line Clipping.
C. Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping.
D. Line Clipping using Nonrectangular Clip window.
ANSWER: C
59. A commonly used image space approach to detect visible surface is___________.
A. buffer depth method.
B. surface rendering method.
C. polygon surface method.
D. depth buffer method.
ANSWER: D
60. An illumination model is also called as_______________.
A. lighting model.
B. surface model.
C. shading model.
D. rendering model.
ANSWER: A
61. The scattered light is called as____________.
A. specular reflection.
B. source light.
C. ambient light.
D. defuse reflection.
ANSWER: D
62. The area subdivision method takes advantage of area coherence in a scene by location of
those view
areas that represent the part of a ______________.
A. double surface.
B. single surface.
C. triple surface.
D. area surface.
ANSWER: B
63. Orthographic projection that display more than one face of an object is called
__________________.
A. axonometric orthographic projection
B. orthographic axonometric projection
C. projection axonometric orthographic.
D. projection orthographic axonometric.
ANSWER: A
64. Spotlights are used to control the amount of light emitted within a cone with apex at
______________
source position.
A. line.
B. object
33
C. point
D. out
ANSWER: C
65. An area on a display device to which a window is mapped is called as___________.
A. view map. .
B. path map.
C. view port.
D. path graph.
ANSWER: C
66. The scaling transformation alters the size of an_________.
A. vector.
B. edge
C. side
D. object
ANSWER: D
67. The set of unit vectors is called __________.
A. vector basis.
B. normal basis.
C. orthogonal basis.
D. base vectors.
ANSWER: B
68. A matrix with a single row or a single column represents a__________.
A. vector.
B. square
C. row vector.
D. column vector.
ANSWER: A
69. The matrix with same number of rows and columns is called as____________.
A. square matrix.
B. row matrix.
C. column matrix.
D. row, column matrix.
ANSWER: A
70. Vector V is called the_____________.
A. world coordinate.
B. view up vector.
C. fixed-size.
D. direction
ANSWER: B
71. The region against which an object is to be clipped is called as___________.
A. world coordinate.
B. view port
C. clip window
D. boundaries
ANSWER: C
72. The two-dimensional viewing transformation is simply referred to as the window-to-viewport
transformation or the_______________.
34
A. viewing pipeline.
B. transformation.
C. windowing transformation.
D. world coordinate.
ANSWER: C
73. A standard method for fitting a function to a set of data points is called as____________
algorithm.
A. Fitting.
B. straight-line
C. least-squares
D. DDA
ANSWER: C
74. The three color parameters in HLS color model are _______________.
A. hue, lightness and saturation.
B. height, lightness and saturation.
C. hue, light and saturation.
D. hue, lightness and scaling.
ANSWER: A
75. The depth-buffer method is also called as______________.
A. A-buffer.
B. C-buffer
C. Z-buffer
D. W-buffer.
ANSWER: C
76. CSG stands for
A. Constructed Solid Geometry.
B. Concatenate Solid Geometry.
C. Construct Solid Geometry.
D. Constructive Solid Geometry.
ANSWER: D
77. The most straight forward method for defining a motion square is____________
specification.
A. higher.
B. complete
C. indirect
D. direct
ANSWER: D
78. One of the most popular methods for finding roots of nonlinear equations is
the____________
algorithm.
A. raphson.
B. Newton
C. root
D. newton-raphson.
ANSWER: D
79. curve-fitting techniques are often used to specify the animation paths between___________.
A. two elements.
B. key frames.
C. two positions.
35
D. key elements.
ANSWER: B
80. _______________ description is a typical task in an animation specification.
A. Vector.
B. Scene
C. Frame
D. Action
ANSWER: B
81. _____________ system allows object motion characteristics to be specified as part of the
object
definitions.
A. Parametric.
B. Specialized
C. Adjustable
D. Parameterized
ANSWER: D
82. We can also animate object along 2D motion paths using the_______________
transformations.
A. table-color.
B. color-table
C. coordinate origin.
D. fixed point
ANSWER: B
83. Constant-intensity shading is also called as____________ shading.
A. intensity.
B. constant
C. flat
D. polygon
ANSWER: C
84. A fast and simple method for rendering an object with polygon surfaces is called as
_______________shading.
A. intensity.
B. constant
C. constant-intensity.
D. polygon
ANSWER: C
85. Procedure for determining visibility of object edges are referred to as____________ visibility
methods.
A. surface.
B. window
C. wireframe
D. background
ANSWER: C
86. A drawback of the depth-buffer method is that it can only find one visible surface at each
____________ position.
A. depth.
36
B. visible
C. display
D. pixel
ANSWER: D
87. The A-buffer has two fields, the depth field and _________field.
A. surface.
B. accumulate
C. intensity
D. pixel
ANSWER: C
88. The A-buffer has two fields, the ____________field and intensity field.
A. surface.
B. accumulate
C. depth
D. pixel
ANSWER: C
89. The parallelepiped is mapped into the unit cube in a normalized view volume called
the______________ system.
A. normalized coordinate projection.
B. normalized coordinate.
C. coordinate projection.
D. normalized projection coordinate.
ANSWER: D
90. The emissive displays are devices that convert __________ energy to light
A. electrical.
B. magnetic
C. mechanical
D. wind
ANSWER: A
91. The emissive displays are devices that convert electrical energy to _________.
A. light.
B. magnetic
C. mechanical
D. wind
ANSWER: A
92. The non-emissive displays are devices that convert __________ to graphics pattern.
A. sunlight.
B. magnetic
C. mechanical
D. wind
ANSWER: A
93. The non-emissive displays are devices that convert sunlight or light from other sources to
_________.
A. graphics pattern.
B. magnetic
C. mechanical
D. wind
ANSWER: A
37
94. ___________ is also called as gas-discharge displays.

A. LED.
B. Plasma panel.
C. LCD
D. CRT
ANSWER: B
95. RGB color system with 24 bits of storage is also called as ______ color system.
A. false.
B. full
C. half
D. finite
ANSWER: B
96. A three dimensional reflection can be performed relative to a selected reflection axis or with
respect to
a selected_____________.
A. rotations.
B. reflection plane
C. matrix form
D. edges
ANSWER: B
97. _______________ modeling packages often provide a number of construction techniques.
A. scale.
B. solid
C. view
D. coordinate
ANSWER: B
98. ____________________representations are useful for constructing 3D objects that possess
translational, rotations or other symmetries.
A. buffer.
B. periodic
C. sweep
D. spline
ANSWER: C
99. The primary output device in a graphics system is _____________.
A. joy stick.
B. light pen
C. key board.
D. Monitor
ANSWER: D
100. The operation of most video monitors is based on the standard ________.
A. cathode ray device.
B. cathode device
C. cathode ray tube.
D. cathode rode.
38
ANSWER: C
101. Spots of __________ are produced on the screen by the transfer of the CT beam energy to
the
phosphor.
A. sound.
B. energy
C. light
D. platelet
ANSWER: C
102. Proper deflection amounts are attained by adjusting the ____________ through the coils.
A. current.
B. heat
C. intensity
D. voltage
ANSWER: A
103. The most common types of graphics monitor employing a CRT is the _______ scan.
A. raster.
B. random
C. CRT
D. electron
ANSWER: A
104. The term ___________ refers to the total screen area.
A. screen.
B. gun
C. frame
D. pixel
ANSWER: C
105. The number of bits per pixel in the frame buffer is called ________buffer area.
A. width of the buffer.
B. depth of the buffer area.
C. height of the buffer area.
D. color of the buffer area.
ANSWER: B
106. At the end of scan line, the electron beam returns to the ______ side of the screen.
A. up.
B. bottom
C. right
D. left
ANSWER: D
107. Refresh rates are described in units of _______.
A. pixel.
B. meter
C. hertz
D. cubic
ANSWER: C
39
108. After refreshing each scan line is called the __________.

A. vertical retrace.
B. horizontal retrace.
C. interlace
D. buffer line.
ANSWER: B
109. Example of a random-scan display is________.
A. pen plotter.
B. mouse
C. keyboard
D. printer
ANSWER: A
110. Refresh _____________ depends on the number of times to be displayed
A. rate.
B. times
C. pixel
D. system
ANSWER: A
111. Refresh display file is called the __________.
A. display unit.
B. display list.
C. display processor.
D. display file
ANSWER: A
112. ____________ ball is a two dimensional positioning device.
A. Mouse.
B. Track
C. Space
D. Thumb
ANSWER: B
113. The LEDs in touch panel operate at IR frequencies, so that the light is ___________ to a
user.
A. visible.
B. not visible
C. partially visible.
D. blurred
ANSWER: B
114. A light pen activated with a _______.
A. button.
B. switch
C. pointer
D. button switch.
ANSWER: D
115. _________ scanner with a resolution of 600 dots per inch.
A. Desktop full-color.
40
B. Flatbed
C. Drum
D. Color
ANSWER: B
116. Input devices used in particular applications are ___________.
A. trackball.
B. space ball
C. joystick
D. data gloves
ANSWER: D
117. A/An _______________ Device is any device that provides information, which is sent to
the CPU.
A. Input.
B. Output
C. CPU
D. Memory
ANSWER: A
118. _________ tablets use sound waves to detect a stylus position
A. Acoustic or Sonic.
B. Sonic or Data.
C. Data & Acoustic
D. Graphic or data
ANSWER: A
119. Buttons and switches are often used to input ____________.
A. numbers.
B. inputs
C. predefined Functions
D. values
ANSWER: C
120. Isometric joystick have _____________ stick.
A. movable.
B. partial movable.
C. non-movable.
D. static
ANSWER: C
121. To be able to select positions in any screen area with a light pen, we must have
some__________
intensity assigned to each screen pixel.
A. zero.
B. one
C. non-zero
D. none
ANSWER: C
122. ____________________representations are useful for constructing 3D objects that possess
translational, rotations or other symmetries.
A. Buffer.
B. Periodic
C. Sweep
D. Spline
41
ANSWER: C
123. __________ are common devices for entering scalar values.
A. Dials.
B. Keyboards
C. Mouse
D. Joystick
ANSWER: A
124. What is the latest write-once optical storage media?
A. Digital paper.
B. Magneto-optical disk.
C. WORM disk.
D. CD-ROM disk.
ANSWER: D
125. __________ are used to measure to dial rotations.
A. Spectrometer.
B. Voltmeter
C. Potentiometer
D. Ammeter
ANSWER: C
126. Digital devices are_______.
A. digital clock.
B. automobile speed meter.
C. clock with a dial and two hands.
D. all of them.
ANSWER: A
127. An output device that uses words or messages recorded on a magnetic medium to produce
audio
response is____________.
A. magnetic tape.
B. voice response unit.
C. voice recognition unit.
D. voice band.
ANSWER: B
128. ___________ procedure accepts the coordinates of an inter point.
A. Scan fill.
B. Poly fill.
C. Boundary fill.
D. Area fill
ANSWER: C
129. ____________ is applied to regions by displaying sets of parallel lines.
A. Line fill.
B. Hatch fill
C. Solid fill.
D. Empty fill.
ANSWER: B
42
130. Changes in orientation, size and shape are accomplished with ________.
A. geometric transformation.
B. translation
C. antialiasing
D. transposition
ANSWER: A
131. _____________ is applied to an object by repositioning it along a straight line path from
one
coordinate location to another.
A. Rotation.
B. Scaling
C. Translation
D. Transformation
ANSWER: C
132. The translation distance pair (tx, ty) is called__________.
A. sector shift.
B. shift vector.
C. matrix vector.
D. coordinate vector
ANSWER: B
133. The applications of the ___________ mouse include virtual reality, CAD, animation.
A. X
B. Optical
C. Optomechanical
D. Z
ANSWER: D
134. Space ball is used for___________ dimensional positioning.
A. 2.
B. 3
C. 1
D. 1 and 2.
ANSWER: B
135. Offline device is a/an _________________.
A. device which is not connected to CPU.
B. device which is connected to CPU
C. direct access storage device
D. I/O device.
ANSWER: A
136. The Z mouse features three button, ___________underneath.
A. mouse ball.
B. thumbwheel
C. underwheel
D. trackball
ANSWER: A
43
137. The Z mouse features __________________buttons.

A. 2.
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
ANSWER: B
138. The Z mouse features three button, mouse ball underneath, _________on the side.
A. thumbwheel.
B. mouse ball
C. trackball
D. underwheel
ANSWER: A
139. Joystick consist of ________
A. stick.
B. ball
C. wheel
D. ball
ANSWER: A
140. ____________ transformation alters the size of an object.
A. Rotation.
B. Scaling
C. Translation
D. Transferring
ANSWER: B
141. Uniform scaling is produced that maintains relative object ___________.
A. shape.
B. vector
C. scalar
D. proportions
ANSWER: D
142. The location of the scaled object can be controlled by choosing a position called_________.
A. vector position.
B. scalar position.
C. variable point.
D. fixed point
ANSWER: D
143. Unequal values of sx and sy results in ___________ scaling.
A. integral.
B. differential
C. same
D. different
ANSWER: B
144. Uniform scaling of a circle is simple done by adjusting the _________.
A. side.
B. radius
44
C. circumference
D. area
ANSWER: B
145. ___________________ is obtained by calculating the matrix product of individual
transformations.
A. Matrix transformation.
B. Finite transformation matrix.
C. Composite transformation matrix.
D. Infinite transformation matrix.
ANSWER: C
146. The world coordinates area selected for display is called __________.
A. window.
B. glow
C. view
D. scene
ANSWER: A
147. An area on the display device to which a window is mapped is called ______.
A. viewport.
B. glow
C. view
D. scene
ANSWER: A
148. The mapping of a part of a world coordinate scene to a device coordinate is referred to
as____________ transformation.
A. viewing.
B. finite
C. composite
D. infinite
ANSWER: A
149. The area of a picture that is selected for viewing is called ___________.
A. window.
B. glow
C. view
D. scene
ANSWER: A
150. Translation is a ___________ body transformation that moves objects without deformation.
A. Rigid.
B. Fixed
C. Flexible
D. Single
ANSWER: A
151. _______________ is a rigid body transformation that moves objects without deformation.
A. Rotation.
B. Scaling
C. Translation
D. Transformation
ANSWER: C
45
152. A two dimensional___________ is applied to an object by repositioning it along a circular

path in the xy plane.
A. rotation.
B. scaling
C. translation
D. transformation
ANSWER: A
153. Successive scaling operations are __________.
A. additive
B. subtractive
C. multiplicative
D. infinite
ANSWER: C
154. A rigid body change in coordinate positions is referred to as __________ transformation.
A. rigid body.
B. rigid motion.
C. rigid.
D. rigid changing
ANSWER: B
155. _____________ often involve inverse matrix calculations.
A. Matrix transformation.
B. Finite transformation matrix.
C. Composite transformation.
D. Infinite transformation matrix.
ANSWER: C
156. ____________ is a transformation that produces a mirror image of an object.
A. Shape.
B. Vector
C. Scalar
D. Reflection
ANSWER: D
157. When objects are to be displayed with color or shaded surfaces we apply_______.
A. object rendering.
B. surface rendering
C. view rendering.
D. parameter rendering.
ANSWER: B
158. ____________ include the intensity and positions of light sources and general background
illumination
required for a scene.
A. Object rendering.
B. Surface rendering
C. Viewing specifications.
D. Lighting specifications
ANSWER: D
46
159. In surface rendering procedures can then be applied to generate at the correct illumination
and
________ of the scene.
A. viewing specifications.
B. color
C. contrast
D. shadow regions.
ANSWER: D
160. Objects displayed with __________________, so that the intensity of lines decreases from
the front to
the back of the object.
A. depth cueing.
B. perpendicular projection.
C. parallel projection.
D. perspective projection.
ANSWER: A
161. ___________ removes the part of the visible surfaces to show internal structure.
A. Surface rendering.
B. Cutaway view.
C. Surface identification.
D. Exploded view.
ANSWER: B
162. Three dimensional views can be obtained by __________ a raster scan image from a
vibrating flexible
mirror.
A. reflecting.
B. refracting
C. observing
D. deflecting
ANSWER: A
163. Stereoscopic devices present ______ views of the scene.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
ANSWER: B
164. The mirror image for a two dimensional reflection is generated relative to an
______________ by rotation the object 180 degrees about the reflection axis.
A. axis of refraction.
B. axis of restoration.
C. axis of reflection.
D. axis of deflection
ANSWER: C
165. The mirror image for a two dimensional reflection is generated relative to an axis of
reflection by rotation the object ______________ degrees about the reflection axis.
A. 90.
B. 180
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C. 270
D. 360
ANSWER: B
166. __________transformations can be used to modify object shape.
A. Translation.
B. Reflection
C. Shear
D. Scaling
ANSWER: C
167. ______________ can be assigned as shear parameter.
A. Integer.
B. Real Number.
C. Random Number.
D. Floating Point.
ANSWER: B
168. Translation, rotation, scaling, reflection are examples of __________.
A. point plotting.
B. image transformation.
C. graphics
D. 2D transformation
ANSWER: D
169. Which table can be expanded so that vertices are cross referenced to corresponding edges?
A. Vertex table.
B. Polygon table.
C. Edge table.
D. Expanded vertex table.
ANSWER: A
170. Every vertex is the end point for at least _______ edge.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
ANSWER: B
171. Each polygon has at least ____________ shared edge
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
ANSWER: A
172. __________can be constructed with various combination of plane and curved surfaces.
A. Objects.
B. Object boundaries.
C. Surface
D. Surface boundaries
ANSWER: B
173. Graphics package often provide routines for displaying internal components or ______ view
of solid objects.
A. Cross sectional.
B. Hatch fill.
C. Cross fill.
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D. Solid fill. ANSWER: A
174. ____________ rendering algorithms must be applied if a realistic rendering of the scene is
required.
A. Object.
B. Surface
C. View
D. Parameter
ANSWER: B
175. The coordinate reference defines the _________ for the plane of the camera film.
A. plane and surface.
B. plane and coordinate.
C. position and interface.
D. position and orientation.
ANSWER: D
176. The easiest rotation axes to handle are those that are ___________ to the coordinate.
A. parallel.
B. perpendicular
C. straight
D. opposite
ANSWER: A
177. __________transformations can be used to modify object shape.
A. Translation.
B. Reflection
C. Shear
D. Scaling
ANSWER: C
178. The line joining the red and the violet spectral points, called as ___________ line.
A. violet line.
B. red line.
C. magenta line
D. purple line.
ANSWER: D
179. Different tints are produced by adding _____________ pigment to the original color.
A. red.
B. blue
C. black
D. white
ANSWER: D
180. GKS stands for _____________.
A. graphical kernel system.
B. graphics kernel system.
C. graphics kernel symbol.
D. graphics kernel systems.
ANSWER: A
181. Visual pigment red have a peak sensitivity at wavelength of about __________ nm.
A. 740.
B. 630
C. 530
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D. 450
ANSWER: B
182. The dominant frequency is also called as ___________.
A. saturation.
B. luminance
C. hue
D. brightness
ANSWER: C
183. Data glove is used to grasp ____________ object.
A. binary.
B. virtual
C. existing
D. real
ANSWER: B
184. Space partitioning representation is to describe interior properties by partitioning the spatial
region containing an object into a set of small, non overlapping contiguous ______________.
A. objects.
B. solids
C. triangles
D. liquid
ANSWER: B
185. ___________ for a three dimensional graphics object is a set of surface polygons that
enclose the object interior.
B. Space partitioning representations.
D. Boundary representations.
ANSWER: D
186. A polygon mesh approximation to a curved surface can be improved by dividing the surface
into smaller__________.
A. polygon facets.
B. octagon facets.
C. squares
D. circles
ANSWER: A
187. A way of storing _________ is to create lists namely vertex table, edge table and polygon
table.
A. convergence data.
B. storage table.
C. polygon surface table.
D. geometric data.
ANSWER: D
188. The edge table contains pointers back to the ______________ to identify vertices for each
polygon edge.
A. vertex table.
B. polygon table.
C. edge table.
D. expanded vertex table.
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ANSWER: A
189. In a __________ parallel lines in the world coordinate scene project into parallel lines on
the two
dimensional display plane.
A. plane projection.
C. parallel projection.
ANSWER: C
190. In ___________, parallel lines in the scene that are not parallel to the display plane are
projected into
converging lines.
A. plane projection.
C. parallel projection
ANSWER: B
191. __________ is applied by choosing maximum and minimum intensity values and a range of
distances
over which the intensities are to vary.
A. Depth cueing.
B. Perpendicular projection.
C. Parallel projection.
D. Perspective projection.
ANSWER: A
192. The side of the plane that faces the _________ is called the inside face.
A. object exterior.
B. object interior.
C. object
D. solid
ANSWER: B
193. The side of the plane that faces the _________ is called the outward face.
A. object exterior.
B. object interior.
C. object
D. solid
ANSWER: A
194. When polygons are specified with more than _________ vertices, it is possible that the
vertices may
not all lie in one plane.
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. 0
ANSWER: B
195. __________ is the number of control points in a Beizer curves.
A. Polynomial.
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B. Curve polynomial. C. Beizer polynomial. D. Beizer integer.
ANSWER: C
196. Natural objects can be realistically described with _____________.
A. natural geometry.
B. similarity geometry.
C. fractal geometry.
D. euclidean geometry.
ANSWER: C
197. The representation of the amount of variation in object detail is represented with_________.
A. fractal geometry.
B. fractal dimension.
C. fractal definition.
D. fractal generation.
ANSWER: B
198. In depth cueing the lines farther are displayed with ____________.
A. increasing intensity.
B. decreasing intensity.
C. increasing color.
D. decreasing color.
ANSWER: B
199. A technique commonly used for engineering drawing is to display the non visible lines as
_________ lines.
A. straight.
B. dot
C. curved
D. dashed
ANSWER: D
200. ____________ describe a three dimensional object as a set of surfaces that separate the
object interior
from the environment.
B. Space partitioning representations.
ANSWER: D
201. Sound pressure levels are measured in ______________.
A. decibels.
B. ounce
C. pound
D. fathom
ANSWER: A
202. MIDI stands for ________________.
A. music instruction digital interface.
B. musical instrument digital interface.
C. musical instrumental digit interface.
D. music instrument digit interface.
ANSWER: B
203. Digital audio data is the actual representation of a ___________.
A. light.
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B. music
C. sound
D. noise
ANSWER: C
204. Digital audio data is also called as______________.
A. tracks.
B. probable
C. examples
D. samples
ANSWER: D
205. In Windows, system sounds are ___________ files.
A. .rar.
B. .wav.
C. .3gp.
D. .wmv.
ANSWER: B
206. MIDI files are _____________ than CD quality digital audio files.
A. larger.
B. too large
C. smaller
D. equal
ANSWER: C
207. The sampling frequencies often used in multimedia are _____________.
A. KHz.
B. MHz
C. GHz
D. DHz
ANSWER: A
208. The value of each sample is rounded off to the nearest integer known as _____________.
A. samplization.
B. quantization
C. quantification
D. digitations
ANSWER: B
209. The amount of information stored about each sample is the ____________.
A. sample no.
B. sample volume.
C. sample size.
D. sample unit
ANSWER: C
210. LEDs operate on __________ frequencies.
A. optical.
B. infra
C. infrared
D. electro
ANSWER: C
211. Digitized sound is the ___________ sound.
A. sampled.
B. covered
C. diluted
D. modified
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ANSWER: A
212. Sample size are _______ bits.
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
ANSWER: D
213. A 16-bit sample provides a staggering _________units.
A. 16,384.
B. 32,786.
C. 65,536.
D. 84,658.
ANSWER: C
214. Removing of dead air or blank space from a front of the recording is known as
___________.
A. trimming.
B. cutting
C. editing
D. erasing
ANSWER: A
215. MIDI sounds are typically stored in files with the ______ extensions.
A. .MDI.
B. .MID.
C. .MIDI.
D. .MDII.
ANSWER: B
216. A popular effect in which one image transforms into another is known as __________.
A. animation.
B. encrypting
C. modifying
D. morphing
ANSWER: D
217. PAL stands for _________.
A. pass alternative line.
B. phase alternative line.
C. pass alternate line.
D. phase alternate line.
ANSWER: D
218. HDTV stands for ____________.
A. high defined television.
B. high definition television.
C. higher definition television.
D. higher defined television.
ANSWER: B
219. Light comes from an _____________.
A. electron.
B. cathode
C. atom
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D. radium
ANSWER: C
220. VGA stands for _____________.
A. video graphics array.
B. visual graphics array.
C. video graph array.
D. visual graph array.
ANSWER: B
221. The area on a display device to which a window is mapped is called a _______________.
A. window.
B. view port
C. coordinate
D. section
ANSWER: B
222. A world coordinate area selected for display is called ____________.
A. window.
B. view port
C. view point
D. section
ANSWER: A
223. The region against which an object is to clipped is called a __________.
A. clipping.
B. window
C. view port
D. clip window
ANSWER: D
224. The location of the point relative to the boundaries of the clipping rectangle is called
____________
code.
A. location.
B. binary
C. region
D. area
ANSWER: C
225. The region code of the clipping rectangle is ________.
A. 0000.
B. 0001
C. 1000
D. 1111
ANSWER: A
226. A region code is a __________ digit binary code.
A. 16
B. 8
C. 4
D. 2
ANSWER: C
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227. All-or none ____________ strategy is used to keep all of the string inside a clip window.
A. word clipping.
B. object clipping
C. character clipping
D. string clipping
ANSWER: C
228. The picture parts to be saved are those that are outside the region is referred as
____________
clipping.
A. outside.
B. exterior
C. external
D. extreme
ANSWER: B
229. _________ are used to describe interior properties by partitioning the spatial region
containing an
object into a set of small, non overlapping contiguous solids.
B. Space partitioning representation
C. Surface identifications.
ANSWER: B
230. ____________ generally refers to any time sequence of visual changes in a scene
A. Computer animation.
B. Graphics
C. Visualization
D. Frame work
ANSWER: A
231. Analogy with two-dimensional polar co-ordinates the dimensions unit for solid angles is
called the
________.
A. steradian.
B. solid angle.
C. angle
D. co-ordinates.
ANSWER: A
232. A _______ model is a method for explaining the properties or behavior of color within some
particular
control.
A. single color model
B. light color
C. color
D. spectral color
ANSWER: C
233. The dominant frequency is also called as the ______.
A. hue.
B. color
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C. frequency D. wavelength
ANSWER: A
234. The team ______ is used to refer collectively two properties describing color characteristics
purity and
dominant frequency.
A. white light source.
B. chromaticity
C. purity
D. saturation
ANSWER: B
235. _________as the most commonly used boundary presentation for a 3-D graphics object
A. Data polygon
B. Surface polygon
C. System polygon
D. Area polygon
ANSWER: B
236. A three dimensional object can also be represented using_______
A. Method
B. Equation
C. Point
D. line
ANSWER: B
237. ___________is a simple object space algorithm that removes about half of the total polygon
in an
image as about half of the faces of objects are back faces
A. Wire frame model
B. Constructive solid geometry methods
C. Isometric projection
D. Back face removal
ANSWER: D
238. By which ,we can take a view of an object from different directions and different distances
A. Projection
B. Rotation
C. Translation
D. Scaling
ANSWER: A
239. The projection that can be viewed as the projection that has a centre of projection at a finite
distance from the plane of projection are called
A. Parallel projection
B. Perspective projection
C. Isometric projection
D. Geometric projection
ANSWER: B
240. The surfaces that is blocked or hidden from view in a 3D scene are known as _________
A. Hidden surface
B. Frame buffer
C. Quad tree
D. Area buffer
ANSWER: A
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241. _____________ surface algorithm is based on perspective depth.
A. Depth comparison
B. Z-buffer or depth-buffer algorithm
C. subdivision method
D. back-face removal
ANSWER: B
242. In ___________ year Z- buffer algorithm are described.
A. 1995
B. 1974
C. 1945
D. 1981
ANSWER: B
243. Z -buffer algorithm are _____________.
A. Simplest algorithm
B. Complex algorithm
C. Largest algorithm
D. Poor algorithm.
ANSWER: A
244. The painter algorithm are based on the property of ______________.
A. Polygon buffer
B. Frame buffer
C. Depth buffer
D. area buffer
ANSWER: B
245. __________________ type of projection does not have the projection rays parallel to each
other.
A. axonometric projection
B. oblique projection
C. orthographic projection
D. perspective projection
ANSWER: D
246. ________________are the three principal planes in orthographic projection.
A. front, top, profile
B. back, top, profile
C. top, front, right side
D. frontal, horizontal, profile
ANSWER: D
247. The painter algorithm were developed on __________
A. 1972 by Newell
B. 1972 by Evans
C. 1974 by Cat mull
D. 1976 by Evans
ANSWER: A
248. All the hidden surface algorithms employee image space approach except____________.
A. Back face removal
B. Depth buffer method
C. Scan line method
58
D. Depth sort method
ANSWER: A
249. ___________________are the two types of projections give a pictorial view of the object
without
convergence.
A. orthographic and perspective
B. oblique and axonometric
C. perspective and oblique
D. isometric and orthographic
ANSWER: B
250. The name of a visible surface detection algorithm is ________________.
A. Back face detection
B. Back face removal
C. Ray tracing
D. Area tracing
ANSWER: A
251. Smallest size object that can be displayed on a monitor is called .....................
a) Picture element b) Point c)Dot Pitch d) aspect ratio
Ans: Picture element
252. Each screen point is referred to as .........................
a) Resolution b)Pixel c)Persistence d)Dot Pitch
Ans: Pixel
253. On a monochromatic monitor, the frame buffer is known as ......................
a) Display file b) Pixmap c) Bitmap d) Refresh buffer
Ans: Bitmap
254. On a color monitor, the refresh buffer is also called .....................
a)Frame buffer b)Pixmap c)Bitmap d)Display file
Ans: Pixmap
255. .................. refers to pixel spacing.
a)Pixmap b)Resolution c)Pixel depth d)Persistence
Ans: Resolution
256. The distance from one pixel to the next pixel is called ...........
a)Resolution b)Dot Pitch c)Pixmap d)ppi
Ans: Resolution
257. The maximum number of points that can be displayed without overlap on a CRT
a)Aspect Ratio b)Resolution c)Brightness d)Pixel
Ans: Resolution
258. ..................... is the number of points per centimeter that can be plotted horizontally and
vertically.
a)Aspect Ratio b)Pixel Depth c)Resolution d)Dot Pitch
Ans: Resolution
259. ...................... is the ratio of horizontal points to vertical points necessary to produce equal
length lines in both direction.
a)Dot Pitch b)Resolution c)Aspect Ratio d) Height-Width Ratio
Ans: Aspect Ratio
260. Identify the odd one out from the following
a)Frame Buffer b)Pixmap c)Display program d)Refresh Buffer
Ans: Pixmap
261. The shortest distance between any two dots of the same color is called ...................
59
a)Resolution b)Dot Pitch c)Pixel Depth d)ppi
Ans: Dot Pitch
262. The standard aspect ratio for PC is .................
a) 6:5 b) 4:3 c)3:2 d)5:3
Ans: 4:3
263. In CRT, the electron intensity is adjusted using .................
a) Accelerating anode b) Control grid c) Electron gun d) Focusing anode
Ans: Control grid
264. Brightness of a display is controlled by varying the voltage on the ......................
a) Focusing anode b)Connection pins c)Control grid d)Power supply
Ans: Control grid
265. Lower persistence phosphorus is used in
a) Animation b) Simple object c) Complex object d) All of these
Ans: Animation
266. Lower persistence phosphorus needs_________ refresh rate
a) Lower b)Higher c)Medium d)None of these
Ans: Higher
267.. Higher persistence phosphorus needs _________ refresh rate
a) Lower b)Higher c)Medium d)None of these
Ans: Lower
268. Higher persistence phosphorus is used in
a) Animation b) Simple object c) High Complex object d) All of these
Ans: High Complex object
269. Memory area holding the intensity information of an image is called ..............
a)Refresh buffer b)Font cache c)Picture definition d)Video controller
Ans: Refresh buffer
270. Intensity representation of an image is called ......................
a)Frame buffer b)Picture definition c)Display list d)Brightness
Ans: Picture definition
271. The purpose of refreshing a CRT is ..........................
a)To avoid flickering b)To maintain steady picture
c)To avoid fading of pixels d)All of the above
Ans: All of the above
272. The fly-back of electron beams from one scanline to next is known as ....................
a)Vertical Retrace b)Horizontal Retrace c)Raster scanning d)Refreshing
Ans: Horizontal Retrace
273. The return of electron beam to top left corner of the screen after one frame is called ............
a)Horizontal fly-back b)Vertical Fly-back c)Scanning d)None of the above
Ans: Vertical Fly-back
274. In raster scan display, the frame buffer holds ......................
a)Line drawing commands b)Scanning instructions c)Image Resolution d) Intensity information
Ans: Intensity information
275. In random scan display, the frame buffer holds ......................
a)Line drawing commands b)Scanning instructions c)Image Resolution d) Intensity information
Ans: Line drawing commands
276. Identify the odd one out from the following
a)Vector display b)Raster scan display c)Calligraphic display d)Stroke-writing display
Ans: Raster scan display
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278. Interlaced refresh procedure is allowed in ..................
a) LCD b)DVST c)Raster scan display d)Random scan display
Ans: Raster scan display
279. Vector display is well suited for .................
a) Animation b) Line drawing applications c) Cartoons d) All of the above
Ans: Line drawing applications
280. Beam penetration method is usually used in ...............................
a)LCD b)Raster Scan display c) Random scan display d)DVST
Ans: Random scan display
281. Shadow mask method is usually used in ...............................
a)LCD b)Raster Scan display c) Random scan display d)DVST
Ans : Raster Scan display
282. Identify the colors produced in beam penetration method.
a) Red, Green, Blue, White b)Red, Orange, Yellow, Green
c)Red, Green, Blue d) Green, Red, White, Orange
Ans : Red, Orange, Yellow, Green
283. An RGB color system with 24 bits os storage per pixel is known as ........................
a) Color CRT b)True-color system c)RGB monitor d)Color- Depth
Ans: True-color system
284. Identify the features of Vector display
a)High resolution, Jagged lines, Lack in color depth
b)Smooth lines, Poor resolution, Black & White
c)High resolution, Lack in color depth, Smooth lines
d)Inexpensive, monochromatic, smooth lines
Ans: High resolution, Jagged lines, Lack in color depth
285. Identify different type of computer graphics
a) Monochrome and Color b)CRT and Flat panel
c)Vector an Raster d)Monitors and Hardcopy devices
Ans: Vector an Raster
286. DVST stands for ..........................
a)Digital View Storing Table b)Direct Visual Storage Tube
c)Direct View Storage Tube c)Digital View Storage Tube
Ans: Direct View Storage Tube
287. Refreshing is not needed in DVST because of the presence of .................
a) Primary gun b) Flood gun c) Focusing anode d)Control grid
Ans: Flood gun
288. Which of the following is NOT true about quaternions?
a) They are made up of 4 numbers
b) They should always be normalized to length 1
c) They can be used to represent all affine transforms
d)They can be used to define the rotation of an object
289. In DVST, the electron beam from primary electron gun strikes on ..............
a) Phosphor screen b) Collector mesh c)Storage mesh d) Flood gun
Ans: Storage mesh
290. The purpose of flood gun in DVST is ...........................
a) To store the picture pattern b) To slow down the flood electrons
c) To enable color pixels d) To focus the electron beam
61
Ans: To slow down the flood electrons
291. Identify the features of DVST from the following.
a) Monochromatic, Flicker free, Low resolution b)Monochromatic, Flicker free
c) Color screens, Refresh monitors, High resolution d)Expensive, Low resolution
Ans: Monochromatic, Flicker free
292. Video devices with reduced volume, weight and power consumption are collectively known
as .........
a) Light weight monitors b)Flat-panel displays c)CRT d) Portable display
Ans: Flat panel displays
293. Pick out the odd one out
a) LED b)LCD c) Gas Discharge tube d) Plasma Panel
Ans: LCD
294. Match the following
Part A
Part B
A. Plasma panel
i) Polarizer
B. DVST
ii) Zinc sulfide
C. LCD
iii) Dielectric mesh
D. Thin film electroluminescent
iv)Neon gas
a) A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii b) A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i
c) A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii d) A-i ,B-iv, C-ii, D-iii
Ans: A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii
295. ................... is responsible for accessing the frame buffer to refresh the screen.
a) Graphics package b) Video controller c) CPU d) Monitor
Ans: Video controller
296. Digitizing a picture definition into a set of intensity values is known as .............
a) Digitization b) Scan conversion c)Refreshing d) Scanning
Ans: Scan conversion
297. ....................... will free the CPU from graphics chores.
a) Display processor b) Monitor c) ALU d)Video controller
Ans: Display processor
298. Write an example for non-emissive displays
a) LED b)LCD c) Gas Discharge tube d) Plasma Panel
Ans: LCD
298. Identify impact printer from the following
a) Drum Plotter b)Inkjet printer c)Electrostatic printer d) Dot-matrix printer
Ans: Dot-matrix printer
299. Write an example for non-impact printer
a) Drum plotter b) Electrostatic printer c) Laser printer d) All of the above
300. Identify the odd one out.
a) Mouse b) Keyboard c) Trackball d) Space ball
Ans: Keyboard
301. GIF stands for ......................
a) Global Image Format b) Graphics Interchange Format
c) Graphics Image Format d) None of the above
Ans: Graphics Interchange Format
302. The ................ simply reads each successive byte of data from the frame buffer.
a) Digital Controller b) Data Controller c) Display Controller d) All of above
62
Ans: Display Controller
303. The refresh rate below which a picture flicker is ................
a) 25 b) 30 c)35 d)60
Ans: 25
304. ........ used to regulate the flow of elections in CRT ?
a) Electron gun b) Focusing anode c) Control grid d) All of the above
Ans: Control grid
305. The technique used to summarize the financial, statistical, mathematical,scientific and economic
data is ?
a) Computer Art b) Image processing c) Presentation Graphics d)None of the above
Ans: Presentation Graphics
306. Graphics and image processing technique used to produce a transformation of one object into
another is called
a) Animation b) Morphing c) Half toning d) None of the above
Ans: Animation
307. The amount of light emitted by the phosphor coating depends on the?
a) Number of electrons striking the screen
b) Speed of electrons striking the screen
c) Distance from the cathode to the screen
d)None of above
Ans: Number of electrons striking the screen
308. Gray scale is used in ............................
a) A Monitor that have color capability
b) A Monitor that have no color capability
c) Random scan display
d) Raster scan display
Ans: A Monitor that have no color capability
309. A wireless mouse works on
a) Infra blue radiation b) Infra Red radiation c) X-rays d) UV rays
Ans: Infrared radiation
310. Vector graphics is composed of
a. Pixels b. Paths c. Palette` d. None of these
Ans: Paths
311. Raster graphics are composed of
a. Pixels b. Paths c. Palette d. None of these
Ans: Pixels
312. EPS image file format is used for
a) Vector graphics b) Bitmap c) Both a & b d) None of these
Ans: Both a & b
313. TIFF (tagged image file format )are used for
a. Vector graphics b. Bitmap c. Both a & b d. None of these
Ans: Bitmap
314. Two dimensional color model are
a. RGB and CMKY b. RBG and CYMK c. RGB and CMYK d. None
Ans: RGB and CMYK
315. RGB model are used for
a. Computer display b. Printing c. Painting d. None of these
Ans: Computer display
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316. CMYK model are used for
a. Computer display b. Printing c. Painting d. None of these
Ans: Printing
317. The intersection of three primary RGB color produces
a. White color b. Black color c. Magenta color d. Blue color
Ans: White color
318. The intersection of primary CMYK color produces
a. White color b. Black color c. Cyan color d. Magenta color
Ans: Black color
319. Random scan systems are designed for
a. Line drawing application b. Pixel drawing application
c. Color drawing application d. None of these
Ans: Line drawing application
320. A major disadvantage of DVST in interactive computer graphics is
a) Ability to selectively erase part of an image
b) Inability to selectively erase part of image from screen
c) Inability to produce bright picture
d) None
Ans: Inability to selectively erase part of image from screen
321. Which of the following allow for 8 mirror images?
a) Parabola b)Ellipse c)Hyperbola d) Circle
Ans: Circle
322. The simplest output primitive is .............
a) Straight line b) Straight line segment c) Point d)Circle
Ans: Point
323. A bitmap is .............. bit(s) per pixels.
a) 0 b)1 c)2 d)4
Ans: 1
324. The intensity of a grayscale pixel is expressed within a given range between a minimum and
a maximum
a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 1 c) 0 and 1 d)0 and 2
Ans: 0 and 1
325. Each pixel has ________basic color components
a. Two or three b. One or two c. Three or four d. None of these
Ans: Three or four
326. The quality of an image depend on
a. No. of pixel used by image b. No. of line used by image
c. No. of resolution used by image d. None
Ans: No. of pixel used by image
327. The basic geometric structures that describes a scene on display is called .................
a) Attributes b) Output primitive c) Lines d) Curves
Ans: Output primitive
328. ..................... controls the basic display properties of output primitives.
a) Attribute parameter b) setpixel c) getpixel d) None of the above
Ans: Attribute parameter
329. To set line width attributes in a PHIGS package, ................... function is used.
a) setLineThickness(lw) b)setLineWidth(lw)
64
c) setLineWidthScaleFactor(lw) d)setPolylineWidth(lw) Ans: setLineWidthScaleFactor(lw)
330. Identify the values for fill-style parameter from the following
a) Hollow b)Hatch c) Pattern d)All of the above
331. ...................... function is used to set the basic fill style.
a) setFillStyle(fs) b) setFillStyleIndex(fs) c) setInteriorStyle(fs) d)FillType(ft)
Ans: setInteriorStyle(fs)
332. ..................... is defined as the distance between the baseline and cap line of the character
body.
a) Character Size b) Character Height c) Character Width d)Character Length
Ans: Character Height
333. ............... function is used to change the size of a character without changing the
height:width ratio.
a)setTextSize(ts) b)setCharacterHeight(ch) c)setCharacterSize(cs) d)setTextHeight(th)
Ans: setCharacterHeight(ch)
334. .................. will define a group of attribute values of each primitive to be used on a monitor
a) Primitive table b)Bundle table c) Attribute table d) None of the above
Ans: None of the above
335. ............. function is used to set how text is to be positioned with respect to the start
coordinates
a) setTextAlignment(h,v) b)setTextPrecision(tp) c)setTextPosition(h,v) d)setText(ts)
Ans: setTextAlignment(h,v)
336. ................ is used to check the current status of each attributes
a) setpixel b)getpixel c)inquiry function d)status function
Ans: Inquiry function
337. The basic transformations include
a) Translation b)Rotation c)Scaling d) All of the above
338. The transformation in which an object is moved in a minimum distance path from one
position to another is called
a) Rotation b) Replacement c) Translation d) Scaling
Ans: Translation
339. The translation distances (dx, dy) is called as a) Translation vector b) Shift vector c) Both a
and b d) Neither a nor b
Ans: Both a and b
340. The two-dimensional translation equation in the matrix form is a) P=P+T b) P=P-T c)
P=P*T d) P=p
341. The transformation in which an object is moved from one position to another in circular
path around a specified pivot point is called
a) Rotation b) Shearing c) Translation d) Scaling
Ans: Rotation
342. The transformation in which the dimension of an object are changed relative to a specified fixed
point is called
a) Rotation b)
Reflection c) Translation d) Scaling

Ans: Scaling
343. The transformation that produces a parallel mirror image of an object are called
a) Rotation b) Reflection c) Translation d) Scaling
Ans: Reflection
65
344. If an object is rotated through an angle A in clockwise direction, the rotation matrix
R= ...............
a) cos A
sin A
b) cos A
-sin A
c) sin A
cos A d) None
-sin A
cos A
sin A
cos A
cos A
sin A
Ans : cos A sin A
-sin A
cos A
344. If a point (x,y) is reflected about an axis which is normal to the XY plane and passing
through the origin, the reflected point (X,Y) is:a) (x,-y) b) (-x,y) c) (-x,-y) d) (y,x)
Ans: (-x,-y)
345. Reflection of a point about x-axis, followed by a counter-clockwise rotation of 900 , is
equivalent to reflection about the line ?
a) x= -y b) x=0 c)x=y d) x+y=1
Ans: x=y
346. A circle, if scaled only in one direction becomes a ?
a) Hyperbola b)Ellipse c) Parabola d)remains a circle
Ans: Ellipse
347. (2,4) is a point on a circle that has center at the origin. Which of the following points are
also on circle ?
a) (2,-4) b) (-2,4) c) (-4,-2) d) All of above
Ans: All of above
348. Which technique of color CRT is used for production of realistic image
a) Beam penetration b) Shadow mask c) both a&b d)None of above
Ans: Shadow mask
349. A composite transformation matrix can be made by determining the ________of matrix of
the individual transformation
a) Sum b) Product c) Difference d) None of the above
Ans: Product
350. Each successive transformation matrix _________ the product of the preceding
transformation
a) pre-multiplies b) post-multiplies c) adds d)subtracts
Ans: pre-multiplies
351. Which of the following is not a rigid body transformation?
a) Translation b) Rotation c) Shearing d) Reflection
Ans: Shearing
352. Forming products of transformation matrices is often referred as
a) Concatenation b) Composition c) both a&b d) None of above
Ans: both a&b
353. Two consecutive translation transformation t1 and t2 are
a) Additive b) Multiplicative c) Subtractive d) none of above
Ans: Additive
354. Two consecutive rotation transformation r1 and r2 are
Ans: Additive
355. Two consecutive scaling transformation s1 and s2 are
Ans: Multiplicative
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356. The process of mapping a world window in world coordinate system to viewport are called
a) Transformation viewing b) Viewport
c) Clipping window d) Screen coordinate system
Ans: Transformation viewing
357. The process of extracting a portion of a database or a picture inside or outside a specified
region are called
a) Transformation b) Projection c) Clipping d) Mapping
Ans: Clipping
358. The rectangle portion of the interface window that defines where the image will actually
appear are called
a) Transformation viewing b) View port c) Clipping window d) Screen coordinate system
Ans: View port
359. The phenomenon of having a continuous glow of a beam on the screen even after it is
removed is called as ?
a) Fluorescence b) Persistence c) Phosphorescence d) Incandescence
Ans: Phosphorescence
360. Coordinates of window are knows as ..............
a) Screen coordinates b) World coordinates c) Device coordinates d) Cartesian coordinates
Ans: World coordinates
361. Coordinates of viewport are known as ............
a) World coordinates b)Polar coordinates c) Screen coordinates d)Cartesian coordinates
Ans: Screen coordinates
362. The region against which an object is clipped is called a ..............
a) Clip window b) Boundary c) Enclosing rectangle d) Clip square
Ans: Clip window
363. ............. identifies the picture portions that are exterior to the clip window
a) Interior clipping b) Exterior clipping c)Extraction d) None of the above
Ans: Exterior clipping
364. Identify line clipping algorithms from the following
a) Cohen- Sutherland algorithm b) Liang-Barsky clipping c) Nicholl-Lee-Nicholl clipping
d)All of the above
365. The region code of a point within the window is ............
a) 1111 b)0000 c)1000 d)0001
Ans: 0000
367. According to Cohen-Sutherland algorithm, a line is completely outside the window
if ............
a) The region codes of line endpoints have a '1' in same bit position.
b) The endpoints region code are nonzero values
c) If L bit and R bit are nonzero.
d) The region codes of line endpoints have a '0' in same bit position.
Ans: The region codes of line endpoints have a '1' in same bit position.
368. The region code of a point is 1001. The point is in the ................. region of window.
a) Top right b) Top left c) Bottom left d) Botton right
Ans: Top left
67
369. The result of logical AND operation with endpoint region codes is a nonzero value. Which
of the following statement is true?
a) The line is completely inside the window
b) The line is completely outside the window
c) The line is partially inside the window
d) The line is already clipped
Ans: The line is completely outside the window
370. The left (L bit ) bit of the region code of a point (X,Y) is '1' if ......................
a) X > XWMIN b) X< XWMIN c) X< XWMAX d) X>XWMAX
Ans: X< XWMIN
371. The right bit (R bit)of the region code of a point (X,Y) is '1' if ......................
a) X > XWMIN b) X< XWMIN c) X< XWMAX d) X>XWMAX
Ans: X>XWMAX
372 . The Most Significant Bit of the region code of a point (X,Y) is '1' if ......................
a) Y > YWMIN b) Y< YWMIN c) Y< YWMAX d) Y>YWMAX
Ans: Y>YWMAX
373. The bottom bit of the region code of a point is '0' if .......................
a) Y > YWMIN b) Y< YWMIN c) Y< YWMAX d) Y>YWMAX
Ans: Y< YWMIN
374. The ...................... algorithm divides a 2D space into 9 regions, of which only the middle
part (viewport) is visible.
a) Cohen-Sutherland b)Liang Barsky c) Sutherland Hodegeman d)N-L-N
Ans: Cohen-Sutherland
375. A method used to test lines for total clipping is equivalent to the .............
a) logical XOR b) logical OR c)logical AND d) both a & b
Ans: logical AND
376. Sutherland Hodgeman algorithm works well for...........
a) Concave polygon b) Convex polygon d)Smooth curves d) Line segment
Ans: Convex polygon
377. A transformation that slants the shape of an object is called ....................
a) Reflection b) Shear c) Distortion d) Scaling
Ans: Shear
378. The text clipping strategy to reject an entire character string that overlaps a clip window is
called................
a) All-or-none character clipping b) All-or-none string clipping
c) Curve clipping d) both a & b
Ans: All-or-none string clipping
379 . The object refers to the 3D representation through linear, circular or some other
representation are called
a) Quadric surface b) Sweep representation c) Torus d) None of these
Ans: Sweep representation
380. A quad-tree is a data structure which is used for graphical representation of .....................
a) 2D digital picture or object b)3D picture or object c) Both a & b d)None of these
Ans: 2D digital picture or object
381. A octree is a data structure which is used for alternative representation of ....................
a) 2D digital picture or object c) 3D picture or object c) Both a & b d) None of these
Ans: 3D picture or object
68
390. How many data elements for each region in quad-tree data structure
a) 2 b) 4 c) 8 d)6
Ans: 4
371. How many data elements for each region in octree data structure
a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8
Ans: 8
372. ............... refer to the shapes created by union, intersection and difference of given shapes
a) . Wire frame model b) Composite transformation
c) Constructive solid geometry methods d) None
Ans: Constructive solid geometry methods
373. The center of display screen is computed as
a) X max ,y max b) Xmax/2,ymax/2 c) Xmax/3,ymax/3 d) None of these
Ans: Xmax/2,ymax/2
374. The operation that is used for repositioning the object is called
a) Rubber band method b) Gravity method c) Dragging d) None
Ans: Dragging
375. Which method are used to construct and position the straight lines, arcs and circles etc.
a) Rubber band method b) Gravity method c) Dragging d)None of these
Ans: Rubber band method
376. Which are used to connect a line to already drawn line
a) Rubber band method b) Gravity method c) Dragging d)None of these
Ans: Gravity field
377. The rubber band method is also applicable to .................... objects.
a) Scale b) Scalar c) Vector d) Rotate
Ans: Scale
378. ............. is known as standard graphics objects
a) Octree b) Quadtree c) Polygon surfaces d) Ellipsoid
Ans: Polygon surfaces
379. ................. includes vertex coordinates and parameters to identify the spatial orientation of
polygon
surfaces
a) Attribute table b) Geometric table c) Orientation table d) Position table
Ans: Geometric table
380. Identify the data structures used to store the data about polygon surfaces
a) Vertex table b) Polygon table c) Edge table d) All of the above
381. Coordinate values for each vertex is stored in ......................
a) Coordinate table b) Vertex table c) Edge table d) Location table
Ans: Vertex table
382. ...................... data structure is used to identify the vertices for each polygon edge.
a) Vertex table b) Polygon table c) Edge table d)Surface table
Ans: Edge table
383. ...................... data structure is used to identify the edges for each polygon .
a) Vertex table b) Polygon table c) Edge table d)None of the above
Ans: Polygon table
384. A triangular strip connected with 50 triangles connects .................. vertices.
a) 52 b) 48 c) 50 d) 49
Ans: 52
69
385. When a circle is subjected to translational sweep, a ................. is formed.
a) Ellipse b) Cone c) Sphere d) Cylinder
Ans: Cylinder
386. A surface of revolution is generated by a .................. of a 2D curve.
a) Translational sweep b) Rotational sweep c) union d) intersection
Ans: Rotational sweep
387. A prism is generated by translational sweep of a ..................
a) Circle b) Square c) Polygon d) Triangle
Ans: Polygon
388. The .............. combines the volumes occupied by overlapping 3D objects using set
operations
a)Beam penetration b) CSG Method c)Sweep representation d)None of the above
Ans: CSG Method
389. A .................. is a data structure that recursively subdivides a plane into 4 quadrants
a)Octree b)4-way tree c) quadtree d) 4-way mesh
Ans: quadtree
390. Identify the methods for Constructive Solid Geometry operations
a) Ray casting b) Ray tracing c) Beam penetraion d) Ray sorting
Ans: Ray casting
391. ........................... solid representation take advantage of spatial coherence to reduce the
storage representations.
a) Sweep representation b)Octree c) Polygon surfaces d) CSG
Ans: Octree
392. ................... is a data element to store the pixels within an octant having same color
a) Voxel b) Void c) Tex d) Flag
Ans: Voxel
393. Empty regions of the space are represented by type ....................
a) int b) void c) null d) empty
Ans: void
394. If all the pixels within an octant have the same color, it is referred to as .....................
a) Heterogeneous octant b) Homogeneous octant
c) Simultaneous octant d) Similar octant
Ans: Homogeneous octant
395. ................... is a label set of output primitives and its associated attributes.
a) Structure b) Function c) Table d) List
Ans: Structure
396. ................... enables easy modification to each picture element
a) Structure b) Function c) Table d) List
Ans: Structure
397. A structure is created using the function ........................
a) initstructure( ) b) startstructure( ) c) openstructure( ) d) none
Ans: openstructure( )
400. ................... is the reference portion value of each structure element.
a) element pointer b) index c)attribute d)attribute index
Ans: element pointer
401. Identify the following data structure.
" If a region is uniform, store its properties. If a region is non-uniform, subdivide it and repeat
the process"
a) Octree b) List c) Table d) Polygon surface
Ans: Octree
70
402. Identify the data structures that works on divide and conquer strategy.
a) List b) Table c) Octree d) Pointer
Ans: Octree
403. ............... can be produced by interpolating shading patterns across the polygon surfaces to
eliminate or reduce the presence of polygon edge boundaries.
a) Rasterizing b) Rendering c) Smoothing d)None
Ans: Rendering
404. .......................... function is used to display a structure on the screen.
a) poststructure( ) b) displaystructure( ) c) enablestructure( ) d) structurepost( )
Ans: poststructure( )
405. All structures can be removed from the screen using the function .....................
a) deletestructure( ) b) unpoststructure( )
c) removestructure( ) d) unposalltstructures( )
Ans: unpostallstructures( )
406. In .............representation, an octree is decomposed into identical cells arranged in a fixed
regular grid. a)cell b) voxel c) pixel d) array
Ans: voxel
407. Identify the odd one out
a) Input mode b) Accept mode c) Sample mode d) Event mode
Ans: Accept mode
408. The typical input operation in a general programming language will be in ........ mode
a) Sample b) request c) Event d) Read
Ans: request
409. Identify the input mode in which the application program initiates data entry.
Ans: request
411. In ............... input mode, the input devices initiates data input to the application program.
Ans: Event
412. The maximum number of devices that can provide input in request mode is ..............
a) 2 b)4 c) Any number of devices d) 1
Ans: 1
413. When an input device is placed in event mode, data input from the device is accumulated
in ..................
a)Event queue b)Read queue c)Device list d) None
Ans: Event queue
414. The device for specifying a coordinate position (x,y) is known as ..............
a) String device b) Stroke device c) Valuator device d) Locator device
Ans: Locator device
415. Which device is suitable to input a series of coordinate positions.
a) Locator b) Stroke c) Valuator d) String
Ans: Stroke
416. .................. device is used to specify scalar values.
a) Locator b) Stroke c) Valuator d) String
Ans: Valuator
417. ..................... enables selection of picture components.
a) PICK b) LOCATOR c) STROKE d) CHOICE
Ans: PICK
418. Choice devices are suitable to select ....................
a) Scalar values b) Menu options c) Text input d) Pictute components
Ans: Menu options
71
419. Identify the string device from the following
a) Mouse b) Webcam c) Keyboard d) Joystick
Ans: Keyboard
420. In ................... picture construction, the entity shape and size is dynamically changed with every
mouse movement
a) Gravity b) Rubber band c) Constraint d) Painting
Ans: Rubber band
421. ............. technique is employed for drawing entities using mouse only.
a) ) Gravity b) Rubber band c) Constraint d) Painting
Ans: Rubber band
422. ...................... constraint forces the input point to the nearest intersection on a grid.
a) Directional b) Homogeneous c) Modular d)Gravity
Ans: Modular
423. .............. is a type of window which is involked by an application when mutiple inputs are
required to specify the desired action.
a) Dialog box b) Panel c) Icon d)Menu
Ans: Dialog box
424. Symbolic representation of some object or process is called ................
a) Icons b) Menu c) List d) Label
Ans: Icon
425. .................... is used to connect a new line to a previously drawn line.
a) Gravity field b) Rubberband method c) Paiting d) None
Ans: Gravity field
426. Give an example for absolute locator device
a) Mouse b) Touch panel c) Light pen d) None
Ans: Touch panel
427. Identify an relative locator device from the following
a) Mouse b) Touch panel c) Light pen d) Keyboard
Ans: Mouse
428. Identify the odd one out
a) Icon b) Slider c) Spin box d) Locator
Ans: Locator
429. Which of the following is a 3D graphics package?
a) Paint b) AC3D c) Dreamweaver d) Lightroom
Ans: AC3D
430. ................... displays a list of commands
a) Menu b) List c) Icon d) Checkbox
Ans: Menu
431. ................ is used to set a value by viewing dynamically the entire data range
a) Menu b) Slider c) Spin boxes d) Text fields
Ans: Slider
432. ............... is used to select limited choices of predictable values
a) Menu b) Slider c) Spin boxes d) Text field
Ans: Spin boxes
433. The process of calculating the product of matrices of a number of transformations in sequence is
called .......................
a) Concatenation b) Continuation c) Mixing d) None
Ans: Concatenation
434. The point about which an object is rotated is called ...................
a) Fixed point b) Central point c) Pivot point d) None
Ans: Pivot point
72
435. In ........................ mode the program requests input and suspends processing until input is
received.
a) Request b) Event c) Sample d) Constraint
Ans: Request
436. Identify odd one out
a) Vector based b) Hardware based c) Bitmap based d) Scanline based
Ans: Scanline based
437. When the polygon surfaces are to be tiled, ............. is used
a) Polygon net b) Polygon mesh c) Polygon block d) Polygon cell
Ans: Polygon mesh
438. ................... is the practice by which an object is drawn by fixing one (or more) points, and then
stretching the remain points out, connected by a line or lines that grow and shrink according to
various properties.
a) Rubber banding b) Gravity c) Dragging d) grid
Ans: Rubber banding
439. ................... is created by revolution of a circle about an axis lying in its plane.
a) Sphere b) Ellipsoid c) Torus d) Cylinder
Ans: Torus
440. A region quad tree with depth of 'n' may be used to represent an image having
resolution ...............
a) 2 b) 2 x 2 c) 2 x 2 d) 2
Ans: 2 x 2
441. ........................... is a true tree because the centre of a subdivision always lies on a point.
a) Region quad tree b) Edge quad tree c) Point quad tree d) Child quad tree
Ans: Point quad tree
442. ........................ is an adaptation of binary tree representing the 2-D point data
Ans: Point quad tree
443. .................... quad tree stores line rather than point.
Ans: Edge quad tree
444. .................... is commonly used to store sparse data
a) quad tree b) Table c) Binary tree d) Octant
Ans: quad tree
445. Which of the following does NOT figure into the Field of View of a pinhole camera?
a) The direction of projection
b) The distance from the center of projection to the projection plane
c) The size of the projection plane
446. This projection technique has the direction of projection perpendicular to the viewing plane,
but the viewing direction is NOT perpendicular to one of the principle faces.
a) Orthographic Parallel Projection
b) Axonometric Parallel Projection
c) Oblique Parallel Projection
447. This projection technique does NOT have the direction of projection perpendicular to the
viewing plane.
n
73
448. This projection technique has the direction of projection perpendicular to the viewing plane,
and the viewing direction is perpendicular to one of the principle faces.
449. When transforming a random Axis-Aligned Bounding Box defined by the points (nearx,
neary, nearz) and (farx, fary, farz) to the standard orthographic viewing box, which affine
transforms are used?
a) shear and translation
b) rotation and scale
c) scale and shear
d) translation and scale
450. In class, we discussed the purpose of the front and back clipping planes in OpenGL. Which
of the following was NOT a purpose for using clipping planes?
a) division by zero
b) objects behind the center of projection mapping onto the projection plane
c) avoiding the problems of infinite viewing volume size
451. In class, we discussed how the image of the Double Eagle Tanker was obtained for the large
poster in the main hall of Sitterson. It required rendering several perspective images using
OpenGL. Which of the following was NOT a step required in that process?
a) handling projection planes non-orthogonal to the viewing direction
b) cutting a single projection plane into many separate projection planes
c) rotating the viewing direction to be the same as the z direction
d) handling several different centers of projection
452. In OpenGL, there are several different matrices. We have discussed two of them in class.
Which one of the below would be used in conjunction with a glRotatef function call?
a) GL_MODELVIEW
b) GL_PROJECTION
453. In OpenGL, there are several different matrices. We have discussed two of them in class.
Which one of the below would be used in conjunction with glFrustum?
a) GL_MODELVIEW
b) GL_PROJECTION
454. Which of the following is the order that geometry operations are performed in OpenGL
(where we read the order from left to right)?
a) GL_PROJECTION GL_MODELVIEW Perspective division
b) GL_MODELVIEW GL_PROJECTION Perspective division
c) Perspective division GL_PROJECTION GL_MODELVIEW
d) GL_MODELVIEW Perspective division GL_PROJECTION
e) GL_PROJECTION Perspective division GL_MODELVIEW
74
For the next 4 questions, match the pictures on the right with the corresponding term on the left.
The arrows in the picture denote light rays. The dashed lines represent the material type to be
considered. The key is in the interaction of the light rays with the material.
455. Specular
(b)
456. Diffuse
(a)
457. Transparent
458.Translucent
answers: b,d,c,a
(d)
(c)
459. In Utah graphics, lights are simplified in order to approximate light/matter interaction
with a minimum amount of work. Which of the following is NOT true about the simplifications
made in Utah graphics lights?
a) Light intensity and color are folded into one value.
b) Lights are assumed to have zero size
c) Spotlights can not be handled
d) Soft shadows can not be handled
460. The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into (essentially) 4 vectors
and a number of constants. Each piece of the Phong model uses different vectors and constants.
Which portion does NOT include taking a dot product?
a) Ambient
b) Diffuse
c) Specular
and a number of constants. Which piece of the Phong model is responsible for giving spheres
their bright white spots?
a) Ambient
b) Diffuse
c) Specular
and a number of constants. Which of the following is NOT a vector needed for the Phong
reflection model?
a) Surface Normal
b) Direction to Viewer
c) Direction to Material Center
d) Direction to Light
75
463. True or false: In the Phong Reflection model, ambient light is the same everywhere.
a) true
b) false
464. In the Phong reflection model, there are 3 constants (a, b, c) which are used to describe the
qualities of which of the following phenomena?
a) The material reaction to ambient, diffuse and specular light (respectively)
b) The amount to perturb reflection vectors as they are mirrored across the normal
c) The size (in each dimension) which the light is assumed to have
d) The attenuation of a point light source with distance
465. As discussed in class, when obtaining normals for a triangle, which of the following
mathematical constructs is NOT used?
a) Point-Point subtraction
b) Vector dot products
c) Vector cross products
d) Vector normalization
As promised after the second quiz was handed back: Questions 466-474: Please fill in the
following matrix. This is to be the general rotation matrix for rotation around the x-axis.
[ (466) (467) (468) 0
]
[ (469) (470) (471) 0
]
[ (472) (473) (474) 0
]
[ 0
0
0
1
]
a) sin()
b) sin()
c) cos()
d) 1
e) 0
466) d
24) e
25) e
25) e
26) c
27) b
28) e
29) a
30) c
76
University Question Papers
77
Tutorial Sheet
Unit-I
Topics Revised
Date:
Quick Test Topics
Date:
Case Study Discussed
Date:
78
Unit-II
Topics Revised
Date:
Quick Test Topics
Date:
Date:
79
Unit-III
Topics Revised
Date:
Quick Test Topics
Date:
Date:
80
Unit-IV
Topics Revised
Date:
Quick Test Topics
Date:
Date:
81
Unit-V
Topics Revised
Date:
Quick Test Topics
Date:
Date:
82
TOPICS BEYOND SYLLABUS

Unit 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
Unit 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
Unit 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
Unit 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Unit 5
1.
83
2.
3.
4.
84
ASSESMENT OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUT COMES: DIRECT
Blooms Taxonomy:
LEVEL 1
REMEMBERING
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
LEVEL 2
UNDERSTANDING
LEVEL 3
APPLYING
LEVEL 4
ANALYZING
LEVEL 5
EVALUATING
LEVEL 6
CREATING
Hall
Ticket
Number
12H61A05C1
12H61A05C2
12H61A05C3
12H61A05C4
12H61A05C5
12H61A05C6
12H61A05C7
12H61A05C8
12H61A05C9
12H61A05D0
12H61A05D1
12H61A05D3
12H61A05D4
12H61A05D5
12H61A05D6
12H61A05D7
12H61A05D8
12H61A05D9
12H61A05E0
I-Internal
Marks
Assignment
Marks
Exhibit memory of previously learned material by

recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers
Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by
organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting,
giving descriptions, and stating main ideas.
Solve problems to new situations by applying
acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a
different way
Examine and break information into parts by
identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and
find evidence to support generalizations.
Present and defend opinions by making judgments
about information, validity of ideas, or quality of
work based on a set of criteria.
Compile information together in a different way by
combining elements in a new pattern or proposing
alternative solutions.
Remarks
&
Blooms
Taxonom
y
Assessm
ent
IIInternal
Marks
Assignment
Marks
Remar
ks &
Blooms
Taxono
my
Assess
ment
Av
g.
Ma
rks
85
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
12H61A05E1
12H61A05E2
12H61A05E3
12H61A05E4
12H61A05E5
12H61A05E6
12H61A05E7
12H61A05E8
12H61A05E9
12H61A05F0
12H61A05F1
12H61A05F2
12H61A05F3
12H61A05F4
12H61A05F5
12H61A05F6
12H61A05F7
12H61A05F8
12H61A05F9
12H61A05G0
12H61A05G1
12H61A05G2
12H61A05G4
12H61A05G5
12H61A05G6
12H61A05G7
12H61A05G8
12H61A05G9
12H61A05H0
12H61A05H1
12H61A05H2
12H61A05H3
12H61A05H5
12H61A05H6
12H61A05H7
12H61A05H8
12H61A05H9
12H61A05J0
11H61A05E9
86
ASSESMENT OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUT COMES: INDIRECT
Blooms Taxonomy:
LEVEL 1
REMEMBERING
LEVEL 2
UNDERSTANDING
LEVEL 3
APPLYING
LEVEL 4
ANALYZING
LEVEL 5
EVALUATING
LEVEL 6
CREATING
Exhibit memory of previously learned material by

recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers
Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by
organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting,
giving descriptions, and stating main ideas.
Solve problems to new situations by applying
acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a
different way
Examine and break information into parts by
identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and
find evidence to support generalizations.
Present and defend opinions by making judgments
about information, validity of ideas, or quality of
work based on a set of criteria.
Compile information together in a different way by
combining elements in a new pattern or proposing
alternative solutions.
CSP Rubric
Oral
Communication
Writing Skills
Criteria
Social and Ethical

Awareness
S.N
0
LEVEL
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
( Level : 3-Excellent
Level :2-Good
Level : 1-Poor
Student speaks in phase with the given topic confidently using Audio-Visual aids. Vocabulary is
good
Student speaking without proper planning, fair usage of Audio-Visual aids. Vocabulary is not good
Student speaks vaguely not in phase with the given topic. No synchronization among the talk and
Visual Aids
Proper structuring of the document with relevant subtitles, readability of document is high with
correct use of grammar. Work is genuine and not published anywhere else
Information is gathered without continuity of topic, sentences were not framed properly. Few topics
are copied from other documents
Information gathered was not relevant to the given task, vague collection of sentences. Content is
copied from other documents
Student identifies most potential ethical or societal issues and tries to provide solutions for them
discussing with peers
Student identifies the societal and ethical issues but fails to provide any solutions discussing with
peers
Student makes no attempt in identifying the societal and ethical issues
3
2
1
Student uses appropriate methods, techniques to model and solve the problem accurately
Student tries to model the problem but fails to solve the problem
Student fails to model the problem and also fails to solve the problem
Technical and analytical Skills

Practical
Knowledge
Understanding of Engineering core
Student
Content Knowledge
Participation
87
Listens carefully to the class and tries to answer questions confidently
Listens carefully to the lecture but doesnt attempt to answer the questions
Student neither listens to the class nor attempts to answer the questions
3
2
The program structure is well organized with appropriate use of technologies and methodology.
Code is easy to read and well documented. Student is able to implement the algorithm producing
accurate results
Program structure is well organized with appropriate use of technologies and methodology. Code is
quite difficult to read and not properly documented. Student is able to implement the algorithm
providing accurate results.
Program structure is not well organized with mistakes in usage of appropriate technologies and
methodology. Code is difficult to read and student is not able to execute the program
Independently able to write programs to strengthen the concepts covered in theory
Independently able to write programs but not able to strengthen the concepts learned in theory
Not able to write programs and not able to strengthen the concepts learned in theory
1
3
2
Student uses appropriate methods, techniques to model and solve the problem accurately in the
context of multidisciplinary projects
Student tries to model the problem but fails to solve the problem in the context of multidisciplinary
projects
Student fails to model the problem and also fails to solve the problem in the context
of multidisciplinary projects
CSP Rubric Name & Number:

S.No.
Hall Ticket
Number
1
2
12H61A05C1
12H61A05C2
Rubric
Assessment
Blooms
Taxonomy
Assessment
Remarks
88
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
12H61A05C3
12H61A05C4
12H61A05C5
12H61A05C6
12H61A05C7
12H61A05C8
12H61A05C9
12H61A05D0
12H61A05D1
12H61A05D3
12H61A05D4
12H61A05D5
12H61A05D6
12H61A05D7
12H61A05D8
12H61A05D9
12H61A05E0
12H61A05E1
12H61A05E2
12H61A05E3
12H61A05E4
12H61A05E5
12H61A05E6
12H61A05E7
12H61A05E8
12H61A05E9
12H61A05F0
12H61A05F1
12H61A05F2
12H61A05F3
12H61A05F4
12H61A05F5
12H61A05F6
12H61A05F7
12H61A05F8
12H61A05F9
12H61A05G0
12H61A05G1
12H61A05G2
12H61A05G4
12H61A05G5
12H61A05G6
12H61A05G7
12H61A05G8
89
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
12H61A05G9
12H61A05H0
12H61A05H1
12H61A05H2
12H61A05H3
12H61A05H5
12H61A05H6
12H61A05H7
12H61A05H8
12H61A05H9
12H61A05J0
11H61A05E9
Remedial Classes:
Unit Number
Unit-I
Unit-II
Unit-III
Unit-IV
Unit-V
Unit-VI
Unit-VII
Unit-VIII
Date Conducted
Add-on Programmes:
1
2
3
4
Guest Lectures:
1.
Topics Revised
90
2.
3.
4.
Unit Wise PPTs:
Unit Wise lecture Notes:

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Department of Computer Science and

Course Designation: Core

Computer Programming Knowledge in C, C++

III B Tech II Semester

Introduction to Computer Graphics: Application areas of Computer Graphics, Elements of Pictures

TEXT BOOKS & OTHER REFERENCES

Room No: 104 A BLOCK

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

The Graduates are employable as software professionals in reputed

The Graduates analyze problems by applying the principles of computer

The Graduates work productively in supportive and leadership roles on

The Graduates embrace lifelong learning to meet ever changing

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

An ability to communicate effectively and work on multidisciplinary teams

An ability to identify, formulate and solve computer system problems with

A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning

The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering

An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and computing to

An ability to apply suitable process with the understanding of software

Identify and explain the core concepts of computer graphics.

To Interpret the mathematics, underlying two- and three-dimensional interpolating curves

MAPPING OF COURSE OBJECTIVES & COURSE OUT COMES WITH

Introduction to Computer Graphics:

Drawing Tools: Introduction, World

Models, Flat Shading and Smooth

Contact classes for Syllabus coverage

Tutorial Classes : 05 ; Online Quiz : 1 per unit

Number of Hours / lectures available in this Semester / Year

Introduction to Computer Graphics

Application areas of Computer Graphics

Elements of Pictures created in Computer Graphics

Graphics Display Devices

Graphics Input Primitives and Devices

Drawing Basic Graphics Primitives

Making Line Drawings

Simple Interaction with the Mouse and Key board

Drawing Tools: Introduction

World Windows and Viewports

Developing the Canvas Class

Figures Based on Regular Polygons

Drawing Circles and Arcs

Using the Parametric Form of a Curve

Vector Tools for Graphics : Introduction

The Dot Product

The Cross Product of Two Vectors

Representations of Key Geometric Objects

Finding the Intersection of Two Line Segments

Intersections of Lines with Planes, and Clipping

Transformations of Objects: Introduction

Changing Coordinate Systems

Using Affine Transformations in a Program

Drawing 3D Scenes with OpenGL

Modeling Shapes with Polygonal Meshes: Introduction

Introduction to Solid Modeling with Polygonal Meshes, Polyhedra

Three-Dimensional Viewing : Introduction

The Camera Revisited

Building a Camera in a Program

Perspective Projections of 3D Objects

Rendering Faces for Visual Realism : Introduction

Introduction to Shading Models

Flat Shading and Smooth Shading

Removing Hidden Surfaces

Adding Texture to Faces