Table of Contents

The problem................................................................................................................ 2
Significance of the study................................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY........................................................................................ 5
Anthropometric Measurements...................................................................................... 6
Body Mass Index...................................................................................................... 6
BMI Table for Adults.................................................................................................. 7
Statistical treatment..................................................................................................... 11
MEAN.................................................................................................................. 11
MEDIAN.............................................................................................................. 12
MODE.................................................................................................................. 12
Chapter III: Results and Discussion.................................................................................... 13
CHARTS/ GRAPHS.................................................................................................. 13
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATION......................................15
Summary................................................................................................................. 15
Recommendations..................................................................................................... 16
References.................................................................................................................. 17
Appendices.................................................................................................................. 18

Nutrit
ional
Asses
sment
of
Introd
uction
to
Nutrit
ion
and
Meal
Mana
geme
nt
Class
C.Y.
2016

Chapter 1: The Problem and its Background

1

Obesity is emerging as a serious problem throughout the world, not only among adults
but also children, teenagers and young adults. Of the factors contributing to obesity, stress seems
to be particularly important as stressful condition leads to irregularity in diet, lack of exercise and
addiction, each being considered an independent factor leading to obesity (Jayaraj 2014).
The problem
The rate of obesity has tripled in developing countries over the past 20 years as they
rapidly become more urbanized, with increased consumption of high calorie foods and adoption
of a more sedentary lifestyle. Some studies observed that first year university students have
significant weight gain, followed by on-going slow but steady increase in weight.
Studies among university students in developing countries show high prevalence of
overweight and obesity: Africa (Nigeria: 10%; Egypt: 25.3%59.4%, South Africa: 10.8%24% ;
Asia (Bangladesh: 20.8%; China: 2.9%14.3%; Malaysia: 20%30.1%, Thailand: 31%,
Pakistan: 13%52.6%, and India: 11%37.5%; Latin America (Colombia: 12.4%16.7%;
Mexico: 31.6%, the Middle and Near East (Saudi females: 47.9%, Oman: 28.2% Kuwait: 42%,
Iran 12.4%, and Turkey: 10%47.4%) (Karl Peltzer 2014). Findings from a national survey
conducted in 2005 indicate that 3 of 10 college students are either overweight (body mass index
[BMI] 25.029.9 kg/m2) or obese (BMI 30.0 kg/m2) (4). Behaviorally, 9 of 10 students eat
fewer than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, and nearly 6 of 10 students participate
fewer than 3 days per week in vigorous-intensity (20 minutes or more) or moderate-intensity (30
minutes or more) physical activity (4).

Excess body weight is associated with excess morbidity and mortality (1,2). Obesity
(body mass index (BMI) of 30.0 or higher) is correlated with excess mortality; Grade 2+ obesity
(BMI of 35.0 or higher), in particular, significantly increases the risk of death. Obesity is also
associated with increased risk of heart disease, stroke, some cancers, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and
disability. Diet, physical inactivity, genetic factors, environment, and health conditions contribute
to overweight and obesity.
News media accounts about rising rates of obesity provide an impersonal perspective of
the problem, but observing obesity face-to-face in the classrooms and across the campuses makes
it real. Increasing numbers of super-sized students are right in front of the eyes of teachers.
Students who are obese should not be ignored.
Significance of the study
The study was done to find out if the students of Adventist University of the Philippines
are affected by the problems mentioned that have something to do with their age group. It was
done to see the nutritional status of AUP student if they are at risk of obesity that will increase
the risk of heart disease, stroke, some cancers, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and disability. This will
help realize the problem at hand and overcome it.
And prove that like any other teenagers the students from AUP suffer also from the
problems that affect their age group. This is going to be done by studying a small population of
the Introduction Nutrition and Meal Management students of Nutrition and Dietetics Department
of AUP. 17 of them will take part in the study so as to come up with conclusive results about the
problems that might be affecting this age group. This will help the school aid the students in

away maybe by adding more variety in the cafeteria or making time so that these students can
improve their nutritional status.
Scope and limitations
The study intends to cover all the basic assessment methods of finding out about the
nutritional status of the individual person. So as to see if any of the students are affected by the
problems that affects most of the young adults. This includes their height, weight so as to
calculate for the body mass index. The waist and the hip measurements were taken for the waist
to hip ratio. Also took their age so as to compare to their body age if it was normal.
The limitations were, first it was hard to get fifteen students to come and be part of the
study. There are 8 respondents that come to our request from the Basic Nutrition Class. So our
professor scheduled another group of respondent but with the same age group. This cause us
some delay in gathering the data and interpreting it. And also in our group we have a lot of
extracurricular activities that is why it is hard to gather the group for planning.
We used few machines and different tools to complete our task. We used 2 tape measures
so as to take the waist and the hip measurements, one for the ladies and the other one is for the
gents. This added in making our work easy as we had to wait in lines so as we could get a chance
to use the other machines. We used the weighing scale this is what took the weight and at the
same time the height. We got to use state of art karada scan, an advanced technology machine
that takes the weight, height and then automatically computes body Fat%, subcutaneous fat,
skeletal muscle, visceral fat and Resting Metabolism. At the same time it will tell you your Body
mass index, this made our work easier because we did not have to spend a lot of time calculating
the body mass index.
4

CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY

Socio Demographic Profile of the Respondents
There are a total of 160 occupants of Ilang-Ilang Residence Hall but we picked only 20
respondent. Almost all of the population is composed of Filipinos working students and full time
students of Adventist University of the Philippines.
Name

Gender

Age

Latumalina, Grace V.

21

Dhlamini, Bulelwa Simone

23

Tampa, Joanna

19

Elarmo, Jorie Lois F.

18

Custodio, Elyzza Marie S.

18

Ramirez, Milcah Joy G.

19

Eleda, Arline Jessa

21

Calumpang, Auwen Daffodil

18

De Castro, Paula Jecca B.

18

Velasquez, Kristine Joy P.

19

Abanilla, Charity

22

Ocampo, Anna Frangela T.

21

Salavarria, Aziel Lois L.

18

De Rojos, Howell

18

Maglonzo, Knep

21

Burce, Collin Clark V.

18

Dela Cruz, Alvan Rey M.

18

Anthropometric Measurements
5

The

term anthropometric refers

to

comparative

measurements

of

the

body.

Anthropometric measurements are used in nutritional assessments. Those that are used to assess
growth and development in infants, children, and adolescents include length, height, weight,
weight-for-length, and head circumference (length is used in infants and toddlers, rather than
height, because they are unable to stand). Individual measurements are usually compared to
reference standards on a growth chart. Anthropometric measurements used for adults usually
include height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and percentage of body fat.
These measures are then compared to reference standards to assess weight status and the risk for
various diseases. Anthropometric measurements require precise measuring techniques to be
valid.
Anthropometric is the measurement of body height, weight, and proportions. It is an
essential component of clinical examination of infants, children and pregnant women. It is used
to evaluate both under and over nutrition. The measured values reflects the current nutritional
status and dont differentiate between acute and chronic changes.

Body Mass Index

This categorizes the individual if he or she is underweight, normal overweight or obese.
The weight (kg) is divided by the square of the height in meters

BMI Formula

E.q

: weight is 44.6 Kg, Height is 155cm

44.6

44.6

18.6

(1.55) 2

2.40

Normal

BMI Table for Adults

This is the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended body weight based on BMI values
for adults. It is a simple of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify underweight,
overweight and obesity in adults.

Category
Severely underweight
Underweight
Normal
Overweight
Obese Class I
Obese Class II
Obese Class III

BMI range - kg/m2

< 16.5
16.5 - 18.5
18.5 - 25
25 - 30
30 - 35
35 - 40
> 40

Waist to Hip Ratio indicates your health risks. People with more weight around the waist, face
more health risks than people who carry more weight around their hips.
Waist to Hip Ratio Chart
Male

Female

Health Risk Based Solely on WHR

0.95 or below

0.80 or below

Low Risk

0.96 to 1.0

0.81 to 0.85

Moderate Risk

1.0+

0.85+

High Risk

48

122

86

45

82

41

111.
5
104

19

85

65

19

91

70

148

21

84

65

48.
9
49

150.
3
164.
5
162

23

96

66

32

98

72

18

91

67

156

26

90

70

157

28

92

70

153

30

96

69

21.
1
36.
7
36.
9
36.
7
21.
6
25.
7
25.
7
28.
3
31.
6
23.
1
25.
9
24.
7
30.
2

168

20

88

77

168.
2
179.
5
162.
5

35

96

87

24

98

75

18

85

66

Dhlamini, Bulelwa Simone

23

Tampa, Joanna

19

Elarmo, Jorie Lois F.

18

Custodio, Elyzza Marie S.

18

Ramirez, Milcah Joy G.

19

Eleda, Arline Jessa

21

Calumpang, Auwen Daffodil

18

De Castro, Paula Jecca B.

18

Velasquez, Kristine Joy P.

19

Abanilla, Charity

22

Ocampo, Anna Frangela T.

21

Salavarria, Aziel Lois L.

18

De Rojos, Howell

18

Maglonzo, Knep

21

Burce, Collin Clark V.

18

Dela Cruz, Alvan Rey M.

18

52.
3
52.
2
55.
2
57.
1
62.
4
69.
4
67.
6
53.
3

87

11
11
10
2
2
2
3
4
1
3
3
5
5

26.
2
19.
2
11.
1

8
4
4

17.
4
31.
3
32.
1
30.
5
20.
1
19.
8
20.
3
21.
6
23.
7
19.
5
21.
4
22.
2
24.
4
22.
1
24.
4
21

20.
3

OC
I
OC
I
OC
I
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N

Risk

Visceral fat

60

W:H

Body Fat

87

Classification O WH

Wst(inch)

18

BMI

Ht(cm)
164.
2
165.
1
156.
6
150.
9
142.
5
151

21

Hip(inch)

Wt(Kg)
46.
8
85.
3
78.
6
69.
5
40.
8
45.
2
46

Latumalina, Grace V.

Body Age

Gender
F

Age

Name

Kg

Anthropometric Measurement

0.6
9
0.7
0
0.7
3
0.8
3
0.7
6
0.7
7
0.7
7
0.7
3
0.7
3
0.7
3
0.7
7
0.7
6
0.7
1
0.8
7
0.9
1
0.7
9
0.7
7

LR

LR
LR
M
R
LR
LR
LR
LR
LR
LR
LR
LR
LR
LR
HR
LR
LR

Legend:
N- Normal
U- Underweight
O-Overweight
LR- Low risk
MR- Moderate Risk
HR-High Risk
Obese
OCI
OCII
OCIII

Age chart
10
8
Age chart

6
4
2
0
18

19

21

22

23

This graph shows that the biggest number of student on the class of Basic Nutrition and Meal
Management are 18 years old.

9
9
8
7
6

4
3
2

1
0

Underweight0

Normal
Male

Overweight 0

Female

This graph shows that (9) female and (4) male students of the Nutrition and Dietetics
Department have normal BMI, while there is (1) female students who is underweight and (3) that
are Overweight.

Waist to Hip Ratio

Low Risk
Moderate Risk

10

According to this graph, it is stated that there are 16 Student are low risk in Cardio Vascular
Disease and 1 is moderate risk

Visceral Fat

Very High
Students
High

Normal

10

12

14

This graph shows that 14 students of Nutrition and Dietetics Department are Normal in their
Visceral Fat but 3 are in the range of +high.

Body Fat%

11

9
8
7
6
5

Low

High

Normal
Very High

3
2
1
0
Female

Male

For the Body Fat, the graph shows that there are more students who have normal body fat both
female and male respondent, but there are 3 female and 1 male who have very high Body Fat %.

Statistical treatment
MEAN
21

23

19

18

18

19

21

18

18

19

22

21

18

18

21

18

18

X = 21+23+19+18+18+19+21+18+18+19+22+21+18+18+21+18+18

17
X=

330
=
19.41
17

The total mean of all the age is 330 and the mean of it is 19 because it was divided to the
frequency of 17.

12

MEDIAN
18

19

21

22

23

The median of this table is 21.

MODE
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

19 19 19

21 21 21 21

22 23

The mode for this table is 18, since it is the most common age.

13

Chapter III: Results and Discussion

CHARTS/ GRAPHS
The AGE CHART stated that the highest number of students of Nutrition and
dietetics Department who participated in the assessment are those 18 yrs. old students with the
total number count of 8.
The BMI GRAPH interprets that the total number of students of Nutrition and dietetics
Department participated in the assessment that has a normal BMI is 9 female and 4 male
students, while there is 1 female students who is underweight and 3 that are Overweight
The WAIST TO HIP RATIO GRAPH is stated that 16 Student are low risk in Cardio
Vascular Disease and 1 is moderate risk.
The Body Fat result 19 of the respondents are normal and only 1 is in low percentage.
In Visceral Fat the graph shows that 14 students of Nutrition and Dietetics Department
are Normal in their Visceral Fat but 3 are in the range of +high.
In general, according to the results of the assessment, there is prevalence of being healthy
and not at risk in some diseases because almost 76% percent of them has a normal BMI, low
risk of cardio vascular diseases and have a normal weight according to the height and weight
they are. It shows that most of them are healthy but there still a few numbers of residents that
need attention and to look so because these might be prone to sickness and other diseases. Based
in our survey out of 17 respondents 13 of them are in normal weight while the rest are
underweight and no one is overweight.

14

So, Nutritional Care is very important in every individual so that we will be able to
maintain our good health and will be able to free from diseases .And even we have lots of normal
results we must be also give attention to those who are not in a normal condition
If you dont mind these things it will lead to malnutrition. And Malnutrition is the
opposite of good nutrition (mal-meaning bad). It is a condition of the body resulting from
lack of one or more essential nutrients (nutritional deficiency) or it may be due to an
excessive nutrient supply to the point of creating toxic or harmful effects. Obesity occurs
when the energy intake exceeds the body requirements for the physical activity and growth
resulting to accumulation of fat stored as adipose tissue.
Obesity and overweight pose a major risk for serious diet-related chronic diseases,
including type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, and certain
forms of cancer. The health consequences range from increased risk of premature death, to
serious chronic conditions that reduce the overall quality of life.
Median, Mode, Mean
For the results and discussion, we are able to get the frequency of (17). We determine the
mean, median, mode and the gathered data for students of the Nutrition and Dietetics Department
of Adventist University of the Philippines.
The total mean of all the age is 330 and the mean of it is 19 because it was divided to the
frequency of 17.
For the median we are able to collect data which we arrange them from the lowest age up
to the highest age. So, the age was from 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, therefore the median is 21 years of
age.
15

For the mode, since the mode is the age that occurs most often, the mode for the data set
for the students assessed in Nutrition and Dietetics Department is 18. Therefore, there is more
18 years old of age participated in our assessment.

CHAPTER V: SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATION

Summary
This study intends to cover all the basic assessment methods of finding about the
nutritional status of students of AUP to see if any of the students are affected by the problems
that affects most of the young adults.
The Nutrition and Dietetics students under the administration of the College of Health
conduct an assessment to find weather they are in a good health or not. The main objective of the
program was to determine if the students of AUP experience malnutrition, particularly stunting
and underweight even while living in Adventist institution known to practice healthy and
balanced lifestyles. Included in the program were getting the students anthropometric
measurements. The result shows that the students indeed have a high percentage of normal Body
Mass Index with a percentage of 76% which is suffering from malnutrition. And 24% were
shown to be under and over nutrition.
Conclusion
This study is conducted to see if their environment contributed to their nutritional status,
even living in a community that promotes healthy living. It will help to realize the problem and
how to avoid it. And prove that like any other young adults the students from the Nutrition and
Dietetics Department suffer also from the problems that affect their age group.
16

The rising epidemic reflects the big changes in society and in behavioral patterns of
communities over recent years. While genes are important in determining a person's
susceptibility to weight gain, energy balance is determined by calorie intake and physical
activity. Overweight and obesity lead to adverse metabolic effects on blood pressure, cholesterol,
triglycerides and insulin resistance. Some confusion of the consequences of obesity arise because
researchers have used different BMI cut-offs, and because the presence of many medical
conditions involved in the development of obesity may confuse the effects of obesity itself. With
the increase of this disease among young adults are very alarming. This only shows that even in a
community that promotes healthy leaving; there are still unhealthy students who suffer from
disease.
Being healthy doesnt mean that it totally came from the diet, attitudes plays the big and
important role to the ideal health.
Recommendations
After the conclusion was formulated, we came up with some recommendation to help
alleviate the problems of those students that are selected underweight and especially to the obese
students. The first and foremost is education. The students bearing in their mind may understand
this but not be able to apply it yet so education on nutrition should encompass their whole life
here in AUP. Give them recommendation on how many weights they will gain or reduce for a
week of months. And also recommended to them to spend more time on exercising, so that the
fat, that are unused will turn into muscle.

17

References
1. Jamorabo, Adela Ruiz, Nutrition in Adolescence. Basic Nutrition for Filipinos. 6th
edition.2002.p.424
2. A Learning Module for Introduction to Statistics (2015). Data Description (Mean, Median and
Mode)
3. Jamorabo, Adela Ruiz.et al. Body Mass Index.Medical Nutrition Theraphy for Filipinos, 6th
edition.2011.p.161
4. National Center for Health Statistics. (2010). Health, United States, 2010: With Special
Feature on Death and Dying. Hyattsville, MD. 2011. Washington, DC 20402
5. Peltzer, K., Pengpid, S. (2014 Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity and Its Associated Factors
among University Students from 22 Countries. International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health, 11, 7425-7441; doi:10.3390/ijerph110707425
6. World Health Organization. (2003). GLOBAL STRATEGY ON
DIET, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH: OBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT. World
Health Organization.

18

Appendices

19

20

21