Testing Phases

Research Paper Assignment

Introduction
In software development testing is a major phase.It is performed to verify the
software works according to the required specifications.Testing will identify the
bugs in the software.Every application should be tested before it released in to the
market.Testing is performed to find the efficiency and quality of the
software.Testing involves many phases.Some phases are:
1. Unit Test
2. Integration Test
3. System Test
4. Functional Test
Testing Phases
1. Unit Test
Unit testing is a phase of software testing in which individual units/modules of a
software are tested. The purpose of this testing is to validate the each unit of the
software performs based on requirements. Unit test is performed by the developers.
Developers will execute the test cases before the software is tested by the testing
team. As we know testing cannot identify every bug in an application. It is impossible
to evaluate every execution path in every application. The limitation is, in unit testing
there is a limit to the number of possible test cases for the developer to validate the
units. After using all possible scenarios there is only possible solution is to stop the
unit testing and merge the code segment with the other units. The unit testing mainly
focuses on the functionality of the particular code module. It will not check whether
that module works correctly as a part of large system or not.
Defect escape example
A defect was found in ChefDK project on September 9,2015.The project has several
stages.In each stage, based on chef recipe the delivery runs.It have phases
verify,build and publish to deliver a Chef item.In that an error was found in the
publish stage: superclass mismatch for class Notification.
Impact of escape
The impact of the defect was the entire Chef Delivery server started falling in the
publish stage .The Learn Chef and Downloads site pipelines in the delivery were
affected. This was due to the inefficient code. They found that this defect was held in
unit testing and the entire system was failed. The error was from the resource
notification class in chef.RubyGems was installed before the incident of defect
detection. The version of RubyGems was changed from 2.4.4 to 2.4.8.But the
change in the version of RubyGems leads to load multiple files which affected badly
on the chef app-bundled application.

Testing Phases
Research Paper Assignment
2. Integration Test
To overcome the limitations of unit testing, integration testing has been introduced.
This type of testing integrates (combines) the modules of an application to check
whether they perform correctly after combining or not. The scope of the unit testing
is narrow when compared with integration testing.In unit testing a small piece of
code is tested.But,in integration testing it covers almost the whole application.
Integration testing follows two methods.

Bottom-up integration: First unit testing is performed, highest-level

modules are tested later.

Top-Down integration: The highest-level modules are tested first and

lowest-level modules are tested after that.

Integration testing should be performed on only after performing unit test.

Defect escape example
In March 2012, there was problem occurred in stock exchange due to software
bugs.The Public offering of new stock exchange was cancelled due to their own IPO
stock.
Impact of escape
The impact of this problem was huge. The initial public offering of new stock
exchange was cancelled. Not only there was a stoppage in the trading but also the
trading of their own IPO stock was cancelled. This system was handling more than
10% of all trading of U.S securities. The integration of new system into the old
system was not tested properly which resulted in the crash of entire system.
3. System Test
Integration testing aims to check whether the different modules or functionalities are
properly integrated or not.Whereas, system testing aims to check whether the
system is meeting required specifications as whole.In integration testing tester will
have the access to the code. But, in system testing the tester will not have access to
the code.To perform the system testing the product should go through the integration
test.
Defect escape example
The HealthCare.gov (Obamacare) is an online health insurance website which has
experienced complete system failure after released in to the market. Many
researches had revealed that these issues are due to ignoring the security issues
and giving more importance to writing code even though some issues were raised in
the middle of project development.
Impact of escape

Testing Phases
Research Paper Assignment
The impact of HealthCare.gov is unbelievable. Many people thought that this
project is going to help citizens by allowing them to access the health insurance and
records through online. The impact is huge. There are many issues came into
existence. One among those issues is, when a person is trying to login into their
account they have visit the home page. In that it is showing a pop up message like
we are experiencing a lot of visitors visiting this page please wait for some time
due to its low performance. Each webpage of the website is not load tested
properly. There are many performance issues. The complete system is under failure
when it is tested as whole.

4. Functional Test
In functional testing, testing can be done against the functional requirements of the
product. Whereas, integration testing can be done to test, more than one
components and how they function together.
Defect escape example
OpenGL memory leaks escape VM is a defect escape found when using VirtualBox
used by one of the customers. Anyway the defect escape was fixed.
Impact of escape
A program was written which makes use of 3D rendering.A user faced an issue of
leaking of memory when used.Without using virtual machine all of its memory is
freed when it is closed.After using VirtualBox it is run many times and then
closed.After that it started again.When the program is closed,the task manager

Testing Phases
Research Paper Assignment
shows that the memory has been deallocated within VM.It shows adverse effects on
host memory.In the process the memory of the task manager grows from 100MB to
5GB in hour.It showed one warning close some programs to free memory.
Resources
http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/teaching/courses/st/2011-12/Resourcefolder/10_integration.pdf
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/software_testing/software_testing_tutorial.pdf
http://www.softwaretestinggenius.com/download/bgstpadmini.pdf
https://www.chef.io/blog/2015/09/16/remediating-escaped-defects-within-continuousdelivery/
https://www.virtualbox.org/ticket/10972?cversion=0&cnum_hist=2
http://www.cio.com/article/2380827/developer/developer-6-software-developmentlessons-from-healthcare-gov-s-failed-launch.html
http://www.softwareqatest.com/qatfaq1.html#FAQ1_3