Verification - Manual Pile Cap 1

STAAD.
foundation
V8i (SELECTseries 4): Release 5.3
Verification Manual
DAA039050-1/0001
4.12 IS Pilecap 1
4.12.1 Reference
4.12.2 Problem
Design pilecap foundation with the given data: Load Fy = 800 KN, fc = 25 MPa, fy = 415
MPa, Column Dimension = 250 mm x 250 mm. Pedestal ht= 500 mm
Pile Data- Dia of pile= 400 mm.
Vertical capacity = 250 KN,
Horizontal capacity = 100 KN
Uplift capacity = 80 KN
182 STAAD.foundation V8i (SELECTseries 4)
Section 4 Indian Code (IS 456 -2000)

4.12 IS Pilecap 1
Figure 4-20: Plan and Elevation
4.12.3 Solution
depth of pilecap= 1.5xpiledia, D = 600 mm
Take D=650 mm
c/c pile diatance = 3xpile dia =1200 mm. Edge diatance = 350 mm
Assuming 4 pile combination, Coordinates of piles (considering pedestal at 0,0,0)
Table 4-12: Pile Locations in Plan
Pile No
1
2
3
4
X Coordinate
(mm
-600
-600
600
600
Z Coordinate
(mm)
-600
600
600
-600
pilecap dimension is 1900 mm x1900 mm x 650 mm

Weight of footing = 1.9 x1.9 x 0.65 x 25 KN = 58.66 KN
Verification Manual 183
Chapter 4
4.12 IS Pilecap 1
Weight of pedestal = 0.25 x 0.25 x 0.5 x 25 KN = 0.78 KN

Therefore, total load on the pilecap = (800+58.66 +0.78) KN = 859.44 KN
So Pile reaction = 859.44 /4= 214.86 KN<250 KN
Hence OK
As there is no lateral load , moment or uplift force, so each pile is safe in lateral & uplift
capacity.
Factored Design
Load factor for self wt is taken =1
Load factor for axial load is taken 1.5
So, Load on pilecap = 1.5 x 800 + 58.66 x 1 + 0.78 x 1 = 1259.44 KN
Load on each pile = 1259.44 /4 = 314.86 KN
Calculation of Moment about Z Axis
For moment wrt X1X1

Contribution from pile 1 = from pile 2 = 314.86 x 0.475 = 149.56 KN
So Total Mz X1X1 = 299.12 KNm
For moment wrt X2X2
Contribution from pile 3 = from pile 4 = 314.86 x 0.475 = 149.56 KNm
So Max value of Mz = 299.12 KNm
Calculation of Moment about X Axis

For moment wrt Z1Z1

4.12 IS Pilecap 1

So Total Mx Z1Z1 = 299.12 KNm
For moment wrt Z2Z2
So Max value of MX = 299.12 KNm
Check For Trial Depth against moment

About Z Axis
Bending moment at critical section
Muz = 299.12 KN-m
Assuming 50 mm clear cover, 50 mm pile in pilecap & and 12 mm bar, effective depth
deff = 532 mm
K = 700/(1100+0.87x fy ) = 0.479107
Ru = 0.36 .fck. Kumax .(1-0.42Kumax) = 3.4442 N/mm2
B =1900 mm , deff = 532 mm
Resisting Moment =Ru. B deff2 = 1852 KNm
Hence OK
AboutX Axis
Mux = 299.12 KN-m
deff = 532 mm K=700/(1100+0.87x
fy )= 0.479107
Ru = 0.36 .fck. Kumax .(1-0.42Kumax) = 3.4442 N/mm2 B
=1900 mm , D = 532 mm
Resisting Moment =Ru. B deff2 = 1852 KNm
Hence OK
Area of Steel Required

Along X Direction
From IS -456-2000 Annex G, G-1, b:
Chapter 4
4.12 IS Pilecap 1
Mu =0.87.fy.Ast.d.(1-Ast.fy/b.d.fck)
So solving equation for Ast,
2
Astx = 1558 m m
2
Minimum area of steel Astmin = 0.0012 x B x D = 1482 mm ( as fy>250)
2
Provided area = 1558 m m
Along Z Direction
2
AstZ = 1558 m m
2
2
Calculation of Shear
Parallel to X Axis
For shear wrt X1X1
Contribution from pile 1 = pile 2 = 317.116 x 0.375 = 113.37 KN
So Total V X1X1 = 226.74 KN
For shear wrt X2X2

4.12 IS Pilecap 1

So Maximum V parallel to X direction = 226.74 KN
Parallel to Z Axis
For shear wrt Z1Z1
So Total V Z1Z1 = 226.74 KN
For shear wrt Z2Z2
So Max V parallel to Z direction = 226.74 KN
Check for One-Way Shear

Along X Direction
Percentage of steel pt =
= 0.154
Vumax = 226.74 KN
226.74 x 1000 / 1900 x 532 = 0.224 N/mm
2
Now allowable stress = 0.293 N/mm
Developed shear stress V =
V < c, Hence Safe
Along Z Direction
= 0.154
Vumax = 226.74 KN
Developed shear stress V = 226.74 x 1000 / 1900 x 532 = 0.224 N/mm
2
V < c, Hence Safe
Chapter 4
4.12 IS Pilecap 1
Punching Shear
Punching shear is checked on a perimeter 0.5d =266 mm from the column face.
Contribution from pile 1 = from pile 2 = from pile 3 = from pile 4 = 317.12
KN
So total punching shear Vmax= 1268.464 KN
4x(250+532/2+532/2)=3128 mm
v =
= 0.76 N/mm
=L/B =1900/1900 =1
k=0.5 +=1.5 , k<=1
Hence, k=1
Now allowable stress= c =k.0.25.fck = 1.25 N/mm
v < c , Hence safe
4.12.4 Comparison
Table 4-13: IS verification example 12 comparison
Reference
STAAD.foundation
Percent DifValue of
Result
Result
ference
Governing
299.12 KNm 229.112 KN-m
None
Moment
Shear Force(One- 226.74 KN
222 KN
Negligible
Way)
Shear Force(Two- 1268.464 KN 1259.44 KN
None
Way)

4.13 IS Pilecap 2
4.13 IS Pilecap 2
4.13.1 Reference
4.13.2 Problem
Design pilecap foundation with the given data: Load Fy = 1100 KN, Mx= 50 KNm, Fz= 50
KN,fc = 25 MPa, fy = 415 MPa, Column Dimension = 250 mm x 250 mm. Pedestal ht= 500
mm
Pile Data- Dia of pile= 400 mm.
Vertical capacity =300 KN,
Figure 4-21: Plan, Elevation, and Pedestal dimensions
4.13.3 Solution
depth of pilecap= 1.5 x pile dia, D=600 mm
Take D=800 mm
Chapter 4
4.13 IS Pilecap 2
c/c pile diatance = 3xpile dia =1200 mm. Edge diatance =350 mm
Assuming 5 pile combination,
Coordinates of piles considering pedestal at 0,0,0)
Table 4-14: Pile Coordinates in Plan

Pile X Coordinate Z Coordinate
No
1
2
3
4
5
(mm)
-849
-849
0
849
849
(mm)
-849
849
0
-849
-849
pilecap dimension is 2397 mm x2397 mm x 800 mm

Weight of footing = 2.397 x 2.397 x 0.8 x 25 KN = 114.9 KN
Weight of pedestal = 0.25 x 0.25 x 0.5 x 25 KN = 0.78 KN
Therefore, total load on the pilecap = (1100+114.9 +0.78) KN = 1215.69 KN
So Pile reaction from axial load= 1215.69 /5= 243.136KN
Moment from lateral load = (0.8+0.5) x 50= 65 KNm
Moment Mx ( from input) = 50 KNm
So Total moment = 115 KNm
Using Rivet theory2
Reaction from moment= +/- 115x0.849/(4x0.849 ) = +/-33.86 KNm
So
Reaction at Pile 2= reaction at pile 5 = 243.136+33.86 =276.996 KN

Reaction at Pile 1= reaction at pile 4 = 243.136-33.86 =209.276 KN
Reaction at Pile 3= 243.136 KN
So Critical vertical reaction= 277 KN< 300 KN
Lateral reaction = 50/5 = 10 KN < 50 KN, Hence OK
As there is no net uplift load, so each pile is safe in uplift capacity.

4.13 IS Pilecap 2
Factored Design
So, Axial Load on pilecap = 1.5x1100+114.9 x1+0.78x1= 1765.68 KN
Moment on pilecap = 1.5x115= 172.5 KNm
Load on each pile from axial reaction =1765.68 /5=353.136 KN Reaction
2
from moment= +/- 172.5x0.849/(4x0.849 ) = +/-50.795 KNm
So
Reaction at Pile 2= reaction at pile 5 = 353.136 +50.795 =403.931 KN
Reaction at Pile 1= reaction at pile 4 = 353.136 -50.795 =302.341 KN
Reaction at Pile 3= 353.136 KN
Calculation of Moment
About Z Axis
For moment wrt X1X1
Contribution from pile 1=302.341 x 0.724=218.89 KNm
Contribution from pile 3=1.4 KNm
Chapter 4
4.13 IS Pilecap 2
For moment wrt X2X2
So Max value of Mz = 512.74 KNm
About X Axis
For moment wrt Z1Z1
For moment wrt Z2Z2
Contribution from pile 2 = 403.931 x 0.724=292.446 KNm
Contribution from pile 5 = 403.931 x 0.724=292.446 KNm
So Max value of MX = 586.292 KNm
Check For Trial Depth

Moment About Z Axis
Muz = 512.74 KN-m
deff = 695 mm K=700/(1100+0.87x
fy )= 0.479107
=2397 mm , deff = 532 mm
Resisting Moment =Ru. B deff2 = 3987.7 KNm
Hence OK
Moment AboutX Axis


4.13 IS Pilecap 2
Mux = 586.292 KN-m

deff = 695 mm K=700/(1100+0.87x
fy )= 0.479107
=2397 mm , deff = 532 mm
Resisting Moment =Ru. B deff2 = 3987.7 KNm
Hence OK

Along X Direction
2
Astx = 2046 m m
2
2
Along Z Direction
2
AstZ = 2341 m m
2
2
Chapter 4
4.13 IS Pilecap 2
Parallel to X Axis
For shear wrt X1X1

Contribution from pile 1 =302.341 x0.572=173 KN
Contribution from pile 2=403.931 x0.572=231KN
So Total V X1X1 = 404 KN

For shear wrt X2X2
So Total V X2X2 = 404 KN
So Max V parallel to X direction = 404 KN
Parallel to Z Axis
For shear wrt Z1Z1
So Total V Z1Z1 = 346 KN
For shear wrt Z2Z2

4.13 IS Pilecap 2

So Max V parallel to Z direction = 462 KN
Check for One-Way Shear

Along X Direction
= 0.138
Vumax = 404 KN
404 x 1000 / (2397 x 695) = 0.24 N/mm
2
V < c, Hence Safe
Along Z Direction
= 0.141
Vumax = 462 KN
462 x 1000 / (2397 x 695) = 0.277 N/mm
2
V < c, Hence Safe
Punching Shear
Punching shear is checked on a perimeter 0.5d =347.5 mm from the column face.
Chapter 4
4.14 IS Mat Combined Foundation 1
Contribution from pile 1 = from pile 4 = 302.34 KN

Contribution from pile 2 = from pile 5 = 403.93 KN
Contribution from pile 3 =0 KN
So total punching shear Vmax= 1412.544 KN
4x(250+347.5 +347.5)=3780 mm
v =
= 0.538 N/mm
=L/B =2397/2397 =1
k=0.5 +=1.5 ,
k2397<=1 Hence, k=1
Now allowable stress= c =k.0.25.fck = 1.25 N/mm
v < c , Hence safe
4.13.4 Comparison
Table 4-15: IS verification example 13 comparison
Reference
STAAD.foundation
Percent DifValue of
Result
Result
ference
Governing
586 KNm
570 KNm
Negligible
Moment
512.74 KNm 512.5 KNm
Shear Force(One- 462 KN
461 KN
Negligible
Way)
404 KN
415 KN
Shear Force(Two- 1412.544 KN 1412 KN
None
Way)
Depth
800 mm
800 mm
None
5.12 US Pilecap Foundation 1

5.12.1 Reference
5.12.2 Problem
Design pilecap foundation with the given data: Load Fy = 330 kip, fc = 4 ksi, fy = 60 ksi,
Column Dimension = 12 in x 12 in. Pedestal ht= 20 in.
Dia of pile= 18 in
Vertical capacity = 65 kip
Horizontal capacity = 20 kip
Uplift capacity = 15 kip
Section 5 United States Code (ACI 318 -2005)

Figure 5-24: Elevation and Plan
5.12.3 Solution
Depth of pilecap= 1.5 x pile diameter, D = 27 in.
Take D = 31 in.
c/c pile distance = 3 x pile diameter =54 mm
Edge distance =18 inch
Assuming 6 pile combination, coordinates of piles (considering pedestal at 0,0,0):
Chapter 5
No
(in)
(in)
1
-54
-27
2
-54
27
3
0
-27
4
0
27
5
54
-27
6
54
27
Pilecap Length = 2(54)+2(18) = 144 inch
Pilecap Width = 54+2(18) = 90 inch
pilecap dimension is 144 inch x90 inch x 31 inch Weight of
3
footing = 144 x 90 x 31 x 0.16/12 = 37.2 kip Weight of
3
pedestal = 12 x 12 x 20 x 0.16 /12 = 0.267 kip
Therefore, total load on the pilecap = (330+37.2 +0.267) =367.467 kip
So Pile reaction = 367.467 /6= 61.244 kip < 65 kip
Hence OK
capacity.
Factored Design
Load factor for self wt is taken = 1
Load factor for axial load is taken = 1.4
So, Load on pilecap = 1.4(330) + 1(37.2)+0 1(.267) = 499.467
Load on each pile =499.467/6=83.245 kip

Punching Shear
Figure 5-25: Section considered for punching shear
Punching shear is checked on a perimeter 0.5d =13inch from the column face.
Contribution from pile 1 = from pile2 = from pile5 = from pile 6 = 83.245 kip
Contribution from pile 3 = from pile4 = 0.944 x 83.245 = 78.58 kip
So total punching shear Vm= 490.14 kip
Pm = 4 (12+13+13) =152 inch
= L/B =12/12 =1
3
V = (2 + 4/ )(f ) b d = (2+4/1) (4000) 152 26 =1499.6 (10) lb
1
V2
3
2210 (10) lb
V = 4.(f ) b
3
= (40 d/b + 2)(fc) bc d =
c c
(40 26/152 + 2) (4000) 152 26 =

3
d = 4 (4000) 152 26= 999.78 (10) lb

e
Vc = min(V1, V2, V3) = 999.78 kip

So, 0.75 Vc = 749.8 kip
Vm< 0.75 Vc , Hence safe
Punching Shear Check for Corner Piles

Corner piles are 1,2,5,6
Chapter 5
Each pile is taking reaction 83.245 kip
d critical = 5.486 inch Effective
depth = 26 inch
d critical< Effective depth, Hence Safe
Parallel to X Axis
For shear wrt X1X1
Contribution from pile 1 =pile2=83.245 Kip
Contribution from pile 3,4,5,6 =0 Kip
So Total V X1X1 = 166.49 Kip
For shear wrt X2X2
Contribution from pile 5 =pile6=83.245 Kip
Contribution from pile 1,2,3,4 =0 Kip
So V parallel to X direction = 166.49 Kip
Now allowable shear = Vc1 =2(fc) bc d =2 (4000) 90 26 lb
3
=295.99 (10) lb
0.75 Vc1=222 Kip
V < Vc1, Hence Safe
Parallel to Z Axis
For shear wrt Z1Z1
Contribution from pile 1 =pile 6 =pile 7 =83.245 x0.222=18.498 Kip
Contribution from pile 2 =pile 4 =pile 6 =0 Kip
So Total V Z1Z1 = 55.5 Kip
For shear wrt Z2Z2
Contribution from pile 2 =pile 4 =pile 6 =83.245 x0.167=18.498 Kip
Contribution from pile 1 =pile 3 =pile 5 =0 Kip
So V parallel to Z direction = 55.5 Kip
Now allowable shear = Vc1 =2(fc) bc d =2 (4000) 90 26 lb
3
=295.99 (10) lb
0.75 Vc1 = 222 Kip
V < Vc1, Hence Safe

For either direction:
m = fy/0.85 fc= 60/(0.85 4)
= 17.65 1 = 0.85 (as fc =
4)
bal = 0.85 1 fc 87/fy (87 + fy) =
0.028507 max = 0.75 bal =
0.02138
min = 0.0018 ( as fy= 60 Ksi)

Calculation of Mz-For
moment wrt X1X1
Contribution from pile 1=from pile2=83.245 x 48=3995.76 in kip
Contribution from pile 3=from pile 4=12 in kip
Contribution from pile 5,6=0 in kip So
Total Mz X1X1 = 8014 in kip = 670 ft kip For
moment wrt X2X2
Contribution from pile 5=from pile6=83.245 x 48=3995.76 in kip
Contribution from pile 3=from pile 4=12 in kip
Chapter 5
Contribution from pile 5,6=0 in kip

So Total Mz X2X2 = 8014 in kip = 670 ft kip
So Resisting Moment = Mnz= Muz/ = 744.44 ft kip
2
R = M /b d = 0.147 Ksi
n
nz
2 m Rn/fy = 0.0864 <1 , Hence OK

= 1/m (1-1-2m Rn/fy) = 0.0025
min< < max, Hence OK

Calculation of MxFor moment wrt Z1Z1
Contribution from pile 1=from pile 3=from pile 5= 83.245 x 21=1748.145
in kip
So Total Mx Z1Z1 = 437 ft kip
For moment wrt Z2Z2
Contribution from pile 2=from pile 4=from pile 6= 83.245 x 21=1748.145
in kip
So Total Mx Z2Z2 = 437 ft kip
So Max value of MX = 437 ft kip
So Resisting Moment = Mnx= Mxux/ = 485.55 ft kip
2
Rn = Mnz/b d = 0.06 Ksi
2 m Rn/fy = 0.035 <1 , Hence OK
= 1/m (1-1-2m Rn/fy) = 0.001 So
= min=0.0018
< max, Hence OK

Along X Direction
= 0.0025
b = 90 in, d=26 in
Therefore, Astx = 5.85 in
Along Z Direction
= 0.0018

b = 144 in , d=26 in
Therefore, Astxz = 6.74 in
5.12.4 Comparison
Table 5-13: US verification example 10 comparison
Reference STAAD.foundation Percent DifValue of
Result
Result
ference
Pile Reaction (kip)
83.245
83.244
None
Governing Moment
670
718
15%
(ft kip)
437
502.6
Shear Force, One166.49
166.49
None
Way (kip)
55.5
55.5
Shear Force, Two490.14
490.217
Negligible
Way (kip)

5.13.1 Reference
5.13.2 Problem
Design pilecap foundation with the given data: Load Fy = 150 kip, Mx= 50 ft kip. fc = 4 ksi,
fy = 60 ksi, Column Dimension = 12 inchx12 inch. Pedestal ht= 20 inch
Pile Data- Dia of pile= 18 inch
Vertical capacity = 65 kip,
Horizontal capacity = 20 kip
Uplift capacity = 15 kip
Chapter 5

5.13.3 Solution
depth of pilecap= 1.5xpiledia, D=27 inch
Take D=27 inch
c/c pile diatance = 3xpile dia =54 mm. Edge diatance =18 inch
Assume a 4 pile combination.
Coordinates of piles; considering pedestal at 0,0,0
No
(in)
(in)
1
-27
-27
2
-27
27
3
27
27
4
27
-27
Pilecap Length = 54+2x18 = 90 inch
Pilecap Width = 54+2x18 = 90 inch
pilecap dimension is 90 inch x90 inch x 27 inch
3
Weight of footing = 90 x 90 x 27 x 0.16/12 = 20.25 kip
3
Weight of pedestal = 12 x 12 x 20 x 0.16 /12 = 0.267 kip
Therefore, total load on the pilecap = (150+20.25 +0.267) =170.517 kip
So Pile reaction from axial load = 170.517 /4= 42.629 kip

Moment Mx ( from input) = 50 ft kip =600 in kip
Using Rivet theory2
Reaction from moment= +/- 600x0.27/(4x27 ) = +/-5.55 Kip
So,
Reaction at Pile 2= reaction at pile 3 = 42.629 +5.55 = 48.185 Kip

Reaction at Pile 1= reaction at pile 4 = 42.629 -5.55 = 37.085Kip
So Critical vertical reaction= 48.185 Kip < 65 kip
As there is no net uplift/lateral load, so each pile is safe in uplift & lateral capacity.
Factored Design
So, Axial Load on pilecap = 1.4x150+20.25 x1+0.267x1= 230.517 Kip
Moment on pilecap = 1.4x50 ft kip = 840 in kip
Load on each pile from axial reaction =230.517 /4=57.629 Kip
2
Reaction from moment= +/- 840x27/(4x27 ) = +/-7.78 Kip
Chapter 5
So,
Reaction at Pile 2= reaction at pile 3 = 57.629 +7.78 = 65.409 Kip
Reaction at Pile 1= reaction at pile 4 = 57.629 -7.78 = 49.849 Kip
Punching Shear
Figure 5-27: Section considered for two-way shear
Punching shear is checked on a perimeter 0.5d =11.5 inch from the column face.
Contribution from pile 1=from pile 4= 49.849 Kip
Contribution from pile 2=from pile 3= 65.409 Kip
So total punching shear Vm= 230.516 kip
Pm = 4x(12+11+11) =136 inch
=L/B =12/12 =1

V1
fc.bc.d = (2+4/1).(4000) x136 x 22 =1135.4 x1000 lb
V2
= 1602.9 x 1000 lb
fc.bc.d = (40x22/136+2).(4000) x136x22
V3 = 4.fc.bc.de = 4.(4000) x 136 x 22= 756.9 x 1000 lb

Vc = min{V1, V2, V3} = 756.9 kip
So, 0.75Vc = 567.7 Kip
Vm< 0.75.Vc , Hence safe

Corner piles are 1,2,3,4
Pile 1/4 are taking reaction 49.849 Kip & Pile 2/3 are taking reaction 65.409 Kip d
critical = 4.46 inch
Effective depth = 22 inch
d critical< Effective depth, Hence Safe
Chapter 5
Figure 5-28: Section considered for one-way shear
Parallel to X Axis
For shear wrt X1X1
Contribution from pile 1 =49.849 x 0.444=22.155 Kip
Contribution from pile 3,4 =0 KN
For shear wrt X2X2
276 STAAD.foundation V8i
(SELECTseries 4)

So V parallel to X direction = 51.195 Kip

Now allowable shear = Vc1 =
1000 lb
= 2x(4000) x 90 x 22 lb = 250.4 x
0.75.Vc1=187.84 Kip
V < Vc1, Hence Safe
Parallel to Z Axis
For shear wrt Z1Z1
For shear wrt Z2Z2
So V parallel to Z direction = 58.08 kip
Now allowable shear = Vc1 =
1000 lb
= 2x(4000) x 90 x 22 lb = 250.4 x
0.75.Vc1 = 187.8 Kip

V < Vc1, Hence Safe
Chapter 5
Figure 5-29: Section considered for bending
About Z Axis
Calculation of Mz-For
moment wrt X1X1
Contribution from pile 1=49.849 x21/12=87.24 ft kip
So Total Mz X1X1 = 207.1 ft kip
For moment wrt X2X2

So Total Mz X2X2 = 207.1 ft kip
So max Mz = 207.1 ft kip
So Resisting Moment =Mnz= Muz/ =224.11 ft kip
m=fy/0.85.fc=60/(0.85x4) = 17.6471
1 = 0.85 ( as fc=4)
bal = 0.85.1.fc.87/fy.(87+fy) = 0.028507
max = 0.75. bal = 0.02138
min = 0.0018 ( as fy=60)
2
Rn = Mnz/b.d =0.0617 Ksi 2m.Rn/fy
= 0.0363 <1 , Hence OK

= 1/m. (1-1-2m.Rn/fy) = 0.001
So, =min = 0.0018
< max Hence OK
About X Axis
Contribution from pile 1=from pile 4=49.849 x 21/12=87.24 ft kip
Contribution from pile 2=from pile 3=0 ft kip
So Total Mx Z1Z1 = 174.47 ft kip
For moment wrt Z2Z2
Contribution from pile 2=from pile 3=65.409 x 21/12=114.465 ft kip
Contribution from pile 1=from pile 4=0 ft kip
So Total Mx Z2Z2 = 228.93 ft kip So
Max value of MX = 228.93 ft kip
So Resisting Moment =Mnz= Muz/ =254.37 ft kip
m=fy/0.85.fc=60/(0.85x4) = 17.6471
1 = 0.85 ( as fc=4)
bal = 0.85.1.fc.87/fy.(87+fy) = 0.028507
max = 0.75. bal = 0.02138
min = 0.0018 ( as fy=60
2
Rn = Mnz/b.d =0.07 Ksi
2m.Rn/fy = 0.0412 <1 , Hence OK
Chapter 5
= 1/m. (1-1-2m.Rn/fy) = 0.0012

So = min=0.0018
< max Hence OK

Along X Direction
= 0.0018
b= 90 inch , d=22 inch
Therefore, Astx = 3.6 in
Along Z Direction
= 0.0018
b= 90 inch , d=22 inch
Therefore, AstZ = 3.6 in
5.13.4 Comparison
Value of
Pile Reaction
Reference Result STAAD.foundation Percent DifResult

ference
49.849 Kip
49.851 Kip
None
Governing
Moment
65.409 Kip
207.1 ft kip
228.93 ft kip
Shear
51.195 Kip 58.08
Force(One-Way) Kip
Shear
Force(TwoWay)
230.516 kip
65.407 Kip
219.654 ft kip
Negligible
294.254 ft kip
51.226 Kip
None
58.14 Kip
230.517 kip
None

5.14.1 Reference
5.14.2 Problem
Design pilecap foundation with the given data: Load Fy = 1000 KN, fc = M 25, fy = Fe 415
Column Dimension = 250 mm x 250 mm, Pedestal ht= 500 mm

Dia of pile= 300 mm

Vertical capacity = 250 KN
5.14.3 Solution
Depth of pilecap= 1.5 x pile diameter, D = 450 mm
Take D = 655 mm
c/c pile distance = 3 x pile diameter =1200 mm
Edge distance =350 mm
Assuming five pile combination, coordinates of piles (considering pedestal at 0,0,0):
Pile
No
1
2
3
4
5
X Coordinate Z Coordinate
(mm)
(mm)
-848.528
-848.528
-848.528
848.528
0
0
848.528
-848.528
848.528
848.528
Chapter 5
Pilecap Length = 2(850)+2(350) = 2400 mm

Pilecap Width = 2(850)+2(350) = 2400 mm
pilecap dimension is 2400 mm x 2400 mm x 740 mm
Weight of footing = 2.4 x 2.4 x 0.74 x 25 = 106.56 KN
Weight of pedestal = 0.25 x 0.25 x 0.5 x 25 = 0.78 KN
Therefore, total load on the pilecap= (1000+106.56 +0.78) =1107.34 KN
So Pile reaction = 1107.34 /5 = 221.47 KN < 250 KN
Hence OK
capacity.
Factored Design
Load factor for self wt is taken = 1 Load
factor for axial load is taken = 1.4
So, Load on pilecap = 1.4(1000) + 1(106.56)+0 1(0.78) = 1507.34 KN
Load on each pile = 1507.34/5 = 301.468 KN
deff = 740 - 50 - 50 - 25 = 615 mm
Punching Shear
Contribution from pile 1 = from pile2 = from pile4 = from pile 5 = 301.468
KN
Contribution from pile 3 = 0 KN
So total punching shear Vm= 1205.9 KN
Pm = 4 (250 + 307.5 + 307.5) =3460 mm
= L/B = 250/250 = 1

V1= (2 + 4/c)(fc) bc d = 5298.5 KN

V2 = (40 d/b + 2)(fc) bc d = 5530.9 KN
V3= 4.(fc) bc de = 3532 KN
Vc = min(V1, V2, V3) = 3532 KN
So, 0.75 Vc =2649 KN

Corner piles are 1, 2, 4, & 5
Each pile is taking reaction 301.47 KN B1
= 1418.27 mm & B2 =2025 mm d1
= 151 mm
d2 = 211 mm
d critical =212 mm
Effective depth = 615 mm
d critical < Effective depth, Hence Safe
Parallel to X Axis
Shear Plane is at a distance d (615 mm from face of column)
For shear wrt X1X1
Contribution from pile 3,4,5 =0 KN
Chapter 5
For shear wrt X2X2
Contribution from pile 4 = pile 5 = 0.8667 x 301.47=261.27 KN
Contribution from pile 3,2,1 =0 KN
So, Total V X2X2 = 522.548 KN
Shear, V, parallel to X direction = 522.548 KN
Now allowable shear = Vc1 =2(fc) bc d = 1225 KN
0.75 Vc1= 918.8 KN
V < Vc1, Hence Safe
Parallel to Z Axis
For shear wrt Z1Z1
Contribution from pile 1 =pile 4 = 0.8667 x 301.47 = 261.27 KN
Contribution from pile 2 = pile 3 = pile 5 = 0 KN
For shear wrt Z2Z2
Contribution from pile 1 = pile 3 = pile 4 =0 KN
Shear, V, parallel to Z direction = 522.548 KN
Now allowable shear = Vc1 =2(fc) bc d = 1225 KN
0.75 Vc1= 918.8 KN
V < Vc1, Hence Safe
m = fy/0.85 fc= 415/(0.85 25) = 19.529
1 = 0.85 (as fc = M 25)
bal = 0.85 1 fc 87/fy (87 + fy) =
0.025729 max = 0.75 bal =
0.019297
2
min = 0.0018 (as fy= 415 N/mm )

Figure 5-33: Section considered for moment

Calculation of MzFor moment wrt X1X1
Contribution from pile 1 = pile 2 = 301.47 x 0.725 = 218.56 KNm
Contribution from pile 3 = 0.083 x 301.47 x 0.0083 = 0.21 KNm
Contribution from pile 4= pile 5 = 0 KNm
So Total Mz X1X1 = 437.34 KNm = 440 KNm
For moment wrt X2X2
Contribution from pile 4 = pile 5 = 301.47 x 0.725 = 218.56 KNm
Contribution from pile 4 = pile 5 =0 KNm
So Resisting Moment = Mnz= Muz/ = 488.89 KNm = 490 KNm
2
2
Rn = Mnz/b d = 0.5398 N/mm
2 m Rn/fy = 0.0508 <1 , Hence OK
= 1/m (1-1-2m Rn/fy) =0.00132 =
min=0.0018
< max, Hence OK

Contribution from pile 1= pile 4 = 301.47 x 0.725 = 218.56 KNm
Contribution from pile 3=0.083 x 301.47 x 0.0083 = 0.21 KNm
Chapter 5
Contribution from pile 2 = pile 5 = 0 KNm

So Total Mx Z1Z1 = 437.34 KNm = 440 KNm
For moment wrt Z2Z2
Contribution from pile 2= pile 5 = 301.47 x 0.725 = 218.56 KNm
So Max value of MX = 440 KNm
So Resisting Moment = Mnx= Mxux/ = 488.89 KNm =490 KNm
2
2
Rn = Mnz/b d = 0.5398 N/mm
2 m Rn/fy = 0.0508 <1 , Hence OK
= 1/m (1-1-2m Rn/fy) = 0.00132 So
= min=0.0018
< max, Hence OK

Along X Direction
= 0.0018
b = 2400 mm, d = 615 mm
Therefore, Astx = 2657 mm
Along Z Direction
= 0.0018
b = 2400 mm, d = 615 mm
Therefore, Astz = 2657 mm

5.14.4 Comparison
Reference STAAD.foundation Percent DifValue of
Result
Result
ference
Pile Reaction, Service
221.5
221.4
Negligible
(KN)
Pile Reaction, Ulti301.5
301.4
Negligible
mate (KN)
Governing Moment
489
485
Negligible
(KNm)
489
485
Shear Force, One523
520
Negligible
Way (KN)
523
520
Shear Force, Two1206
1206
None
Way (KN)

5.15.1 Reference
5.15.2 Problem
Design pilecap foundation with the given data: Load Fy = -1200 KN & Mz = 100 KNm, fc =
M 25, fy = Fe 415
Column Dimension = 250 mm x 250 mm, Pedestal ht= 500 mm
Dia of pile= 300 mm
Vertical capacity = 250 KN
Chapter 5
5.15.3 Solution
Depth of pilecap= 1.5 x pile diameter, D = 450 mm
Take D = 780 mm
c/c pile distance = 3 x pile diameter = 900 mm
Edge distance =350 mm
Assuming six pile combination, coordinates of piles (considering pedestal at 0,0,0):

No
(mm)
(mm)
1
-900
-450
2
-900
450
3
0
-450
4
0
450
5
900
-450
6
900
450
Pilecap Length =2(900) + 2(350) = 2500 mm
Pilecap Width = 900 + 2(350) = 1600 mm
pilecap dimension is 2500 mm x 1600 mm x 780 mm
Weight of footing = 2.5 x 1.6 x 0.78 x 25 = 78 KN
Weight of pedestal = 0.25 x 0.25 x 0.5 x 25 = 0.78 KN
Therefore, total load on the pilecap = 1200 + 78 + 0.78 = 1278.78 KN
So Pile reaction from axial load = 1278.78/6= 213.13 KN
So Pile reaction at Pile1 /Pile 2 = 213.13 +100 0.9/(4 0.9 0.9) = 240.91 KN So
Pile reaction at Pile3 /Pile 4 = 213.13 KN
So Pile reaction at Pile5 /Pile 6 = 213.13 - 100 0.9/(4 0.9 0.9) = 185.35 KN So
Critical Pile reaction = 240.91 KN < 250 KN
Hence OK
capacity. Similarly, as there is no tension pile case so each pile is safe again uplift.
Factored Design
Load factor for self wt is taken = 1 Load
factor for axial load is taken = 1.4
So, Load on pilecap = 1.4(1200) + 1(78) + 1(0.78) = 1758.78 KN
So Pile reaction from axial load = 1758.78/6 = 293.13 KN
Moment (Mz) = 1.4(100) = 140 KNm
So Pile reaction at Pile 1 /Pile 2 = 293.13 + 140 0.9/(4 0.9 0.9) = 332.02 KN So
Pile reaction at Pile 3 /Pile 4 = 293.13 KN
So Pile reaction at Pile 5 /Pile 6 = 293.13 -140 0.9/(4 0.9 0.9) = 254.24 KN
deff = 780 - 50 - 50 - 25 = 655 mm
Punching Shear
Chapter 5
Contribution from pile 1 = pile 2 = 1(332.02) =332.02 KN

Contribution from pile 3 = pile 4= 0.492(293.13) = 144.22 KN
Contribution from pile 5 = pile 6 = 1(254.24) = 254.24 KN
So total punching shear Vm= 2(333.02 + 144.22 + 254.24) = 1462.96 KN
Pm = 4 (250 + 327.5 + 327.5) = 3620 mm
= L/B = 250/250 = 1
V1= (2 + 4/c)(fc) bc d = 5904 KN V2 =
(40 d/b + 2)(fc) bc d = 9090 KN
V3= 4.(fc) bc de = 3936 KN Vc
= min(V1, V2, V3) = 3936 KN So,
0.75 Vc = 2952 KN

Corner piles are 1, 2, 5, & 6
Critical Pile 1 & 2 with axial Reaction 333.02 KN
B1 = 1450 mm & B2 =2105 mm
d1 = 163 mm
d2 = 225 mm
d critical =225 mm

Effective depth = 655 mm

d critical < Effective depth, Hence Safe
Parallel to X Axis
Shear Plane is at a distance d (655 mm from face of column)
For shear wrt X1X1
Contribution from pile 1 = pile 2 =0.9x 333.03 = 299.72 KN
Contribution from piles 3, 4, 5, & 6 =0 KN
So Total V X1X1 = = 2(299.72) KN= 599.4 KN
For shear wrt X2X2
Contribution from pile 5 = pile 6 = 0.9(254.24) = 228.82 KN
Contribution from piles 1, 2, 3, & 4 = 0 KN
So, Total V X2X2 = 2(228.82) = 457.63 KN
Shear, V, parallel to X direction = 599.4 KN
Chapter 5
Now allowable shear = Vc1 =2(fc) bc d = 869.8 KN

0.75 Vc1= 652 KN
V < Vc1, Hence Safe
Parallel to Z Axis
For shear wrt Z1Z1
Contribution from all piles = 0 KN
For shear wrt Z2Z2
Contribution from all piles =0 KN
Shear, V, parallel to Z direction = 0 KN No
shear parallel to the Z axis, Hence Safe
m = fy/0.85 fc= 415/(0.85 25) = 19.529
1 = 0.85 (as fc = M 25)
bal = 0.85 1 fc 87/fy (87 + fy) =
0.025729 max = 0.75 bal =
0.019297
2
min = 0.0018 (as fy= 415 N/mm )

Figure 5-37: Section considered for moment

Calculation of Mz
For moment wrt X1X1
Contribution from pile 1 = pile 2 = 333.02(0.775) = 258.1 KNm
Contribution from pile 3 = pile 4 = 0.083(293.13 0.0083) = 0.2 KNm
For moment wrt X2X2
Contribution from pile 5 = pile 6 = 254.24(0.775) = 197 KNm
Contribution from pile 3 = pile 4 = 0.083(293.13 0.0083) = 0.2 KNm
Contribution from pile 1 = pile 2 =0 KNm
So Critical value of Mz =520 KNm
So Resisting Moment = Mnz= Muz/ = 577.78 KNm = 580 KNm
2
2
Rn = Mnz/b d = 0.845 N/mm
2 m Rn/fy = 0.0795 <1 , Hence OK
= 1/m (1-1-2m Rn/fy) = 0.002 =
min=0.0018
min < < max, Hence OK
Chapter 5

Calculation of Mx
For moment wrt Z1Z1
Contribution from pile 1 = 332.02(0.325) = 107.9 KNm
Contribution from piles 2, 4, & 6 = 0 KNm
So Total Mx Z1Z1 =285.8 KNm = 286 KNm
For moment wrt Z2Z2
Contribution from piles 1, 3, & 5 = 0 KNm
So Max value of Mx = 286 KNm
So Resisting Moment = Mnx= Mxux/ = 317.78 KNm =318 KNm
2
2
Rn = Mnz/b d = 0.2964 N/mm
2 m Rn/fy = 0.0279 <1 , Hence OK
= 1/m (1-1-2m Rn/fy) = 0.00072 So
= min=0.0018
< max, Hence OK

Along X Direction
= 0.0020
b = 1600 mm, d = 655 mm
Therefore, Astx = 2096 mm
Along Z Direction
= 0.0018
b = 2500 mm, d = 655 mm
Therefore, Astz = 2948 mm
Section 7
Drilled Pier Foundations

7.1 Drilled Pier Foundation 1 API
7.1.1 Reference
API RP 2A-WSD
7.1.2 Problem
Design axial capacity for drilled pier with the given data: Design Method: API
Load Fy= 100 kip, fc= 4 ksi, fy= 60 ksi, Straight pier, pier diameter= 2 ft, pier height= 30 ft,
water level at 40 ft.
Soil Profile by Layer
3
1. Sand, 8 ft deep, angle of friction 30 deg, Avg Density 108 lb/ft ,
Density- Loose
3
2. Sand, 13 ft deep, angle of friction 34 deg, Avg Density 110 lb/ft ,
Density- Medium
2
3
3. Clay - , 9 ft deep, cohesion 2 kip/ft , Avg Density 110 lb/ft ,
Density- Dense
Elasticity of Soil 0.3 ksi
Chapter 7
Figure 7-1: Pier Elevation
Factor of safety
End bearing - 3
Skin Friction - 3
% of Capacity Used
End bearing - 100%
Skin Friction - 100%
Neglected zone for skin friction
Top - 5ft
Bottom - Pier Dia = 2ft
Concrete Properties
fc= 4ksi Ec=
3605ksi
Section 7 Drilled Pier Foundations

Density= 150lb/ft
Rebar Properties
fy= 60ksi
Es= 29000ksi
7.1.3 Solution
Critical Depth
Critical depth is set to be calculated by program
Effective Overburden Pressure

Po= (Soil Density of respective layer x Depth to the center of the layer)
Effects of water and critical depth are also considered calculating Po
Layer Effective Overburden Pres2
sure (lb/ft )
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
432
1579
2789
Skin Friction
Factor from API RP 2A-WSD 6.4.2
= Cohesion / Effective Overburden Pressure
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
0
0
0.7171

= 0.5 x -0.5
= 0.5 x
-0.25
<=1.0
>1.0
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
0
0
0.59045
Chapter 7
K Coefficient of lateral earth pressure from API RP 2A-WSD 6.4.3
K=0.8 (for straight pier)
Friction angle between soil and pier Calculated
based on API RP 2A-WSD Table 6.4.3-1
Shaft friction (f), from API RP 2A-WSD 6.4.2 & 6.4.3
For cohesive soil layerf = x c
For cohesionless soil layerf = K xPo x tan
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Shaft Friction (psf)

125.788
589.040
1180.889
Skin Friction Resistance (Qf), from API RP 2A-WSD 6.4.1

Qf = f x As
Qf (kip)
6.3228
48.1136
66.7777
121.214
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Total Skin Friction
Modified Skin Friction Based on Neglected Zones for Skin Friction

Qf (modified) is calculated by considering top and bottom neglect layer
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Total Modified Skin
Friction
f_modified
(kip)
2.3711
48.1136
51.9382
102.423
Base Resistance
Unit end bearing (q), from API RP 2A-WSD 6.4.2 & 6.4.3
For cohesive soil layer q = 9 x c
For cohesionless soil layer q =po x Nq
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
q (kip)
5.184
31.58
18.0
End Bearing for each layer (Qp), from API RP 2A-WSD 6.4.1
Qp = q x Ap

(SELECTseries 4)

Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Qp (kip)
16.286
99.211
56.549
End Bearing for bottom Layer, Qp_bott = 56.549 kips
Unfactored Capacity
Factored Capacity
7.1.4 Comparison
Table 7-1: Drilled Pier (API) verification example 1 comparison
Value of
UnfactoredTip
Resistance
Unfactored Skin
Resistance
Unfactored Total Axial
Capacity
FactoredTip Resistance
Factored Skin Resistance
Factored Total Axial
Capacity
STAAD.foundation
Result
56.571 kip
Reference
Result
56.549 kip
Difference
102.487 kip
102.423 kip
Negligible
144.916 kip
144.834 kip
Negligible
18.857 kip
34.162 kip
48.305 kip
18.849 kip
34.141 kip
48.278 kip
Negligible
Negligible
Negligible
Negligible

7.2.1 Reference
API RP 2A-WSD
7.2.2 Problem
Design axial capacity for drilled pier with the given data: Design Method:API
Load Fy= 100kip, fc= 4ksi, fy= 60ksi, Straight pier, pier diameter= 4ft, pier height= 39ft,
water level at 50ft.
Chapter 7
Soil Profile by Layer
2
3
1. Clay - , 6ft deep, cohesion 1kip/ft , Avg Density 105lb/ft , Density- Very Loose
2
3
2. Clay - , 13ft deep, cohesion 1.1kip/ft , Avg Density 110lb/ft , Density- Medium
2
3
3. Clay - , 8ft deep, cohesion 2kip/ft , Avg Density 111lb/ft , Density- Dense
2
3
4. Clay - , 12ft deep, cohesion 3kip/ft , Avg Density 113lb/ft , Density- Very Dense
Elasticity of Soil 0.3ksi
K = 0.8
Factor of safety
End bearing - 3
Skin Friction - 3
% of Capacity Used
End bearing - 100%
Top - 5ft
Concrete Properties
fc= 4ksi Ec=
3605ksi
Density= 150lb/ft
Rebar Properties
fy= 60ksi
Es= 29000ksi

7.2.3 Solution
Critical Depth

Chapter 7
sure (lb/ft )
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Layer4
315
1345
1874
1566
Skin Friction
= Cohesion / Effective Overburden Pressure
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Layer4
3.1746
0.8178
1.0672
1.9157
Factor
Layer
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Layer4
K Coefficient of lateral earth pressure from API RP 2A-WSD 6.4.3

Friction angle between soil and pier
Calculated based on API RP 2A-WSD Table 6.4.3-1
Shaft friction (f), from API RP 2A-WSD 6.4.2 & 6.4.3
For cohesionless soil layerf = K xPo x
tan
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Layer4

550
605
1100
1650
Skin Friction Resistance (Qf), from API RP 2A-WSD 6.4.1

Qf = f x As
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Qf (psf)
41.469
98.835

(SELECTseries 4)

Qf (psf)
110.584
248.814
499.702
Layer
Layer3
Layer4
Total Skin Friction

Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Layer4
Total Skin Friction
f_modified
(psf)
6.9115
98.835
110.584
165.876
382.206
Base Resistance
Unit end bearing (q), from API RP 2A-WSD 6.4.2 & 6.4.3
For cohesive soil layerq = 9 x c
For cohesionless soil layerq =po x Nq
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Layer4
q (psf)
9000
9900
18000
27000
End Bearing for each layer (Qp), from API RP 2A-WSD 6.4.1
Qp = q x Ap
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Layer4
Qp (psf)
113.097
124.407
226.195
339.292
End Bearing for bottom Layer

Qp_bott = 339.292 kip
Unfactored Capacity
Chapter 7
7.3 Drilled Pier Foundation 3 FHWA
Factored Capacity
7.2.4 Comparison
Table 7-2: Drilled Pier (API) verification example 2 comparison
Value of
UnfactoredTip
Resistance
Unfactored Skin
Resistance
Capacity
Factored Skin
Resistance
Capacity
STAAD.foundation Reference
Result
Result
339.429 kip
339.292 kip
Difference
382.486 kip
382.206 kip
Negligible
648.371 kip
647.985 kip
Negligible
113.143 kip
127.495 kip
113.097 kip
127.402 kip
Negligible
Negligible
216.124 kip
215.995 kip
Negligible
Negligible

7.3.1 Reference
FHWA-IF-99-025
7.3.2 Problem
Design axial capacity for drilled pier with the given data: Design Method:FHWA
Load Fy= 100kip, fc= 4ksi, fy= 60ksi, Straight pier, pier diameter= 2ft,
pier height= 30ft, water level at 40ft.
Soil Profile
3
1. Sand, 8ft deep, angle of friction 30deg, Avg Density 108lb/ft , N60- 11
3
2. Sand, 13ft deep, angle of friction 34deg, Avg Density 110lb/ft , N60- 14
2
3
3. Clay - , 9ft deep, cohesion 2kip/ft , Avg Density 110lb/ft , N60- 16

Factor of safety
End bearing - 3
Skin Friction - 3
% of Capacity Used
End bearing - 100%
Top - 5ft
Concrete Properties
fc= 4ksi Ec=
3605ksi
Density= 150lb/ft
Rebar Properties
fy= 60ksi
Es= 29000ksi
Chapter 7
7.3.3 Solution
Critical Depth

(SELECTseries 4)

sure (lb/ft )
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
432
1579
1925
Skin Friction
Factor from FHWA-IF-99-025 Eqn 11.6
= 0.55
Layer
0
0
0.55
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Dimensionless correlation factor from FHWA-IF-99-025 Eqn 11.18

Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
0.9017
0.8536
0

Assumed to be same as soil friction angle
Shaft friction (f), from FHWA-IF-99-025 Eqn 11.16 & 11.17
For cohesive soil layerf = x su
For cohesionless soil layerf = x vi
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3

389.50
1347.86
1100.0
Skin Friction Resistance (Qf), from FHWA-IF-99-025 Eqn 10.2

Rs = f x As
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Total Skin Friction
Rs (kip)
19.578
110.095
62.204
191.877

Chapter 7
Layer
s_modified
(kip)
7.342
110.095
48.381
165.817
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
Total Modified Skin
Friction
Base Resistance
Unit end bearing (q), from FHWA-IF-99-025 Eqn 11.1, 11.2 & 11.4a
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
q (kip)
13.2
15.6
5.611
End Bearing for each layer (Qp), from FHWA-IF-99-025 Eqn 10.2
RB = q x Ap
Layer
Layer1
Layer2
Layer3
RB (kip)
41.469
49.009
17.628
End Bearing for bottom Layer, RB-bott = 17.628 kips
Un-factored Capacity
Factored Capacity

7.3.4 Comparison
Table 7-3: Drilled Pier (FHWA) verification example 3 comparison
Value of
UnfactoredTip
Resistance
Unfactored Skin
Resistance
Capacity
Capacity
STAAD.foundation
Result
17.635 kip
Reference
Result
17.628 kip
Difference
165.884 kip
165.817 kip
Negligible
169.376 kip
169.308 kip
Negligible
5.878 kip
55.295 kip
56.459 kip
5.876 kip
55.272 kip
56.436 kip
Negligible
Negligible
Negligible
Negligible

7.4.1 Reference
FHWA-IF-99-025
7.4.2 Problem
Design axial capacity for drilled pier with the given data: Design Method:FHWA
Soil Profile
2
3
1. Clay - , 6ft deep, cohesion 1kip/ft , Avg Density 105lb/ft , N60 10
2
3
2. Clay - , 13ft deep, cohesion 1.1kip/ft , Avg Density 110lb/ft , N60 12
2
3
2
3
Factor of safety
End bearing - 3
Skin Friction - 3
% of Capacity Used
End bearing - 100%
Neglected zone
for skin frictionTop - 5ft
Chapter 7
Concrete Properties
fc= 4ksi
Ec= 3605ksi
Density= 150lb/ft
Rebar Properties
fy= 60ksi
Es= 29000ksi
7.4.3 Solution
Critical Depth


sure (lb/ft )
1
2
3
4
315
1345
1874
1380
Skin Friction
Factor from FHWA-IF-99-025 Eqn 11.6
= 0.55 (for all layers)
Layer
1
2
3
4
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
Dimensionless correlation factor from FHWA-IF-99-025 Eqn 11.18

= 0 (for all layers)
Shaft friction (f), from FHWA-IF-99-025 Eqn 11.16 & 11.17
For cohesive soil layerf = x su
For cohesionless soil layerf = x vi
Layer
1
2
3
4

550
605
1100
1650

Rs = f x As
Chapter 7
Rs (kip)
41.469
98.835
110.584
248.814
499.702
Layer
1
2
3
4
(Total Skin Friction)

Layer
s_modified
(kip)
6.912
98.835
110.584
165.876
382.206
1
2
3
4
(Total Modified Skin
Friction)
Base Resistance
Layer
1
2
3
4
q (kip)
3.646
3.880
5.611
27
RB = q x Ap
Layer
1
2
3
4
RB (kip)
45.815
48.759
70.510
339.292
End Bearing for bottom Layer, RB-bott = 339.292 kips

7.5 Drilled Pier Foundation 5 VESIC
Factored Capacity
7.4.4 Comparison
Table 7-4: Drilled Pier (FHWA) verification example 4 comparison
Value of
Unfactored Tip
Resistance
Unfactored Skin
Resistance
Capacity
Capacity
STAAD.foundation
Result
339.429 kip
Reference
Result
339.292 kip
Difference
382.360 kip
382.206 kip
Negligible
648.246 kip
647.985 kip
Negligible
113.143 kip
127.453 kip
216.082 kip
113.097 kip
127.453 kip
213.658 kip
Negligible
Negligible
Negligible
Negligible

7.5.1 Reference
Alternate Vesic Method
7.5.2 Problem
Design axial capacity for drilled pier with the given data: Design Method: Alternate Vesic
Method
Load Fy= 100kip, fc= 4ksi, fy= 60ksi, Straight pier, pier diameter= 2ft,
pier height= 30ft, water level at 40ft.
Soil Profile
3
1. Sand, 8ft deep, angle of friction 30deg, Avg Density 108lb/ft ,
3
2. Sand, 13ft deep, angle of friction 34deg, Avg Density 110lb/ft ,
2
3
3. Clay, 9ft deep, cohesion 2kip/ft , Avg Density 110lb/ft ,
Chapter 7
Factor of safety
End bearing - 3
Skin Friction - 3
% of Capacity Used
End bearing - 100% Skin
Friction - 100% Neglected zone
for skin friction
Top - 5ft
Concrete Properties
fc= 4ksi Ec=
3605ksi
Density= 150lb/ft
Rebar Properties
fy= 60ksi
Es= 29000ksi

7.5.3 Solution
Critical Depth

Chapter 7
Effective Overburden PresLayer
sure (psf)
1
2
3
432
1579
1925
Skin Friction
Adhesion Factor for Drilled Pier in Cohesive Soil
= 0.55
Layer
0
0
0.55
1
2
3
K Coefficient of lateral earth pressure
Lateral Earth Pressure and Friction Angle Factor
Layer
0.462
0.540
0
1
2
3
Shaft friction (f), from Alpha or Beta Method
Layer
1
2
3

199.532
852.039
1100
tan(1) = 0.675
Rs = f x As
Layer
1
2
3
Rs (kip)
10.030
69.596
62.204
141.829

Layer
s_modified
(kip)
3.761
69.596
48.381
121.737
1
2
3
(Total Modified Skin
Friction)
Base Resistance
Cohesive Soil (Bottom Layer)
Factor Fr = 1
Factor Ncp = 9
Cohesionless Soil (Bottom Layer)
Factor Nqp = 0
For cohesive soil layer q = Fr x Nqp x c
For cohesionless soil layer q =po x Nqp
Layer
1
2
3
q (psf)
0
0
18000
RB = q x Ap
Layer
1
2
3
RB (kip)
0
0
56.549
End Bearing for bottom Layer, RB_bott = 56.549 kip
Chapter 7
7.6 Drilled Pier Foundation 6 Vesic
Factored Capacity
7.5.4 Comparison
Table 7-5: Drilled Pier (Vesic) verification example 5 comparison
Value of
UnfactoredTip
Resistance
Unfactored Skin
Resistance
Capacity
Factored Skin
Resistance
Capacity
Result
Result
56.571 kip
16.549 kip
Difference
121.824 kip
121.737 kip
Negligible
164.253 kip
164.149 kip
Negligible
18.857 kip
40.608kip
5.516 kip
40.579 kip
Negligible
Negligible
54.751 kip
54.716 kip
Negligible
Negligible

7.6.1 Reference
Alternate Vesic Method
7.6.2 Problem
Design axial capacity for drilled pier with the given data: Design Method: Alternate Vesic
Method
Soil Profile
2
3
1. Clay - , 6ft deep, cohesion 1kip/ft , Avg Density 105lb/ft , Density- Very Loose
2
3
2. Clay - , 13ft deep, cohesion 1.1kip/ft , Avg Density 110lb/ft , Density- Medium
2
3
3. Clay - , 8ft deep, cohesion 2kip/ft , Avg Density 111lb/ft , Density- Dense
2
3
4. Clay - , 12ft deep, cohesion 3kip/ft , Avg Density 113lb/ft , Density- Very Dense
Factor of safety
End bearing - 3
Skin Friction - 3

% of Capacity Used
End bearing - 100%
Top - 5ft
Concrete Properties
fc= 4ksi Ec=
3605ksi
Density= 150lb/ft
Rebar Properties
fy= 60ksi
Es= 29000ksi
Chapter 7
7.6.3 Solution
Critical Depth


Effective Overburden PresLayer
sure (psf)
1
2
3
315
1345
1874
Skin Friction
Adhesion Factor for Drilled Pier in Cohesive Soil
= 0.55 (All layers)
K Coefficient of lateral earth pressure
Lateral Earth Pressure and Friction Angle Factor, = 0 (All layers)
Shaft friction (f), from Alpha or Beta Method
Layer
1
2
3
4

550
605
1100
1650
tan(1) = 0
Rs = f x As
Layer
1
2
3
4
Rs (kip)
41.469
98.835
110.584
248.814
499.702
RB = q x Ap
Layer
1
2
3
4
RB (kip)
0
0
0
339.292
Chapter 7
End Bearing for bottom Layer, RB_bott = 339.292 kip
Factored Capacity
7.6.4 Comparison
Table 7-6: Drilled Pier (Vesic) verification example 6
comparison
Value of
UnfactoredTip
Resistance
Unfactored Skin
Resistance
Capacity
Factored Skin
Resistance
Capacity
Result
Result
339.429 kip
339.292 kip
Difference
382.360 kip
382.206 kip
Negligible
648.246 kip
164.149 kip
Negligible
113.143 kip
127.453 kip
113.097 kip
127.402 kip
Negligible
Negligible
216.082 kip
54.716 kip
Negligible
Negligible

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STAAD.

182 STAAD.foundation V8i (SELECTseries 4)

Section 4 Indian Code (IS 456 -2000)

pilecap dimension is 1900 mm x1900 mm x 650 mm

Verification Manual 183

Weight of pedestal = 0.25 x 0.25 x 0.5 x 25 KN = 0.78 KN

Calculation of Moment about Z Axis

For moment wrt X1X1

Calculation of Moment about X Axis

Section 4 Indian Code (IS 456 -2000)

Contribution from pile 1 = from pile 4 = 314.86 x 0.475 = 149.56 KNm

Check For Trial Depth against moment

Area of Steel Required

Verification Manual 185

186 STAAD.foundation V8i (SELECTseries 4)

Section 4 Indian Code (IS 456 -2000)

So Total V X2X2 = 226.74 KN

Check for One-Way Shear

V < c, Hence Safe

V < c, Hence Safe

Verification Manual 187

v < c , Hence safe

188 STAAD.foundation V8i (SELECTseries 4)

Section 4 Indian Code (IS 456 -2000)

Table 4-14: Pile Coordinates in Plan

pilecap dimension is 2397 mm x2397 mm x 800 mm

Reaction at Pile 2= reaction at pile 5 = 243.136+33.86 =276.996 KN

190 STAAD.foundation V8i (SELECTseries 4)

Section 4 Indian Code (IS 456 -2000)

Verification Manual 191

Check For Trial Depth

Moment AboutX Axis

192 STAAD.foundation V8i (SELECTseries 4)

Section 4 Indian Code (IS 456 -2000)

Mux = 586.292 KN-m

Area of Steel Required

Verification Manual 193

For shear wrt X1X1

So Total V X1X1 = 404 KN

Section 4 Indian Code (IS 456 -2000)

Contribution from pile 2=403.931 x0.572=231KN

Check for One-Way Shear

V < c, Hence Safe

V < c, Hence Safe

Verification Manual 195

Contribution from pile 1 = from pile 4 = 302.34 KN

v < c , Hence safe

5.12 US Pilecap Foundation 1

264 STAAD.foundation V8i (SELECTseries 4)

Section 5 United States Code (ACI 318 -2005)

Verification Manual 265

266 STAAD.foundation V8i (SELECTseries 4)

Section 5 United States Code (ACI 318 -2005)

= (40 d/b + 2)(fc) bc d =

(40 26/152 + 2) (4000) 152 26 =

d = 4 (4000) 152 26= 999.78 (10) lb

Vc = min(V1, V2, V3) = 999.78 kip

Punching Shear Check for Corner Piles

Section 5 United States Code (ACI 318 -2005)

Calculation of Moment about Z Axis

Verification Manual 269

Contribution from pile 5,6=0 in kip