Madalina Senciuc

6B
How do sensible and latent heating relate to clouds and cloud heights?
Latent heat is the energy absorbed by or released from a substance during a phase change from a gas to a
liquid or a solid or vice versa. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas located in the atmosphere and a very
important component for cloud formation. If the air is dry, or unsaturated, clouds are not likely to form
because there is minimal water vapor in the air. If the air is moist, or saturated, the water vapor will
condense to form clouds.
How does latent heating move heat energy?
Heat is absorbed in evaporation and released by condensation so the result is a movement of heat from
the surface to higher levels in the atmosphere.
2. Heat imbalances: There is a heat surplus and low latitudes and a deficit at the poles. The heat imbalance
leads to poleward heat transport. Question: describe the three main mechanisms of poleward heat
transport.
The three mechanisms involved in poleward heat transport are air mass exchange, storm systems, and
ocean currents.
Air mass exchange transports mainly sensible heat from the tropics to the middle and high latitudes.
As storm systems moves poleward, water vapor condenses to clouds causing latent heat from the low
latitudes to be distributed to the middle and high latitudes.
Ocean currents transfer heat to the poles via wind-driven surface currents and the thermohaline
circulation.
3. a Summer solstice is the peak input of solar radiation (source of heating). When is summer solstice?
When do the warmest temperatures in Indianapolis occur at Summer Solstice?
The summer solstice occurs at the moment the earth's tilt toward the sun is at a maximum. Therefore, on
the day of the summer solstice, the sun appears at its highest elevation with a noontime position that
changes very little for several days before and after the summer solstice.
Indianapolis-July
3. b Maximum solar input occurs at noon. When are temperatures at their peak?
The peak temperatures occurs 2-3 hours after noon.
4. Describe three factors that may contribute to the Urban Heat Island Effect (UHI)
The UHI is an inadvertent modification of the climate, caused by changes to the form and composition
of the land surface and atmosphere. When a land cover of buildings and roads replaces green space, the
thermal, radiative, moisture and aerodynamic properties of the surface and the atmosphere are altered.

Additional factors such as the scattered and emitted radiation from atmospheric pollutants to the urban
area, the production of waste heat from air conditioning and refrigeration systems, as well from industrial
processes and motorized vehicular traffic exist.
5. Complete Questions 5 - 15 of Chapter progress questions for chapter 4
5. b
6. a
7. b
8. c
9. b
10. c
11. a
12. b
13. b
14.b
15. b
6. Complete Investigation 4b from your manual. SKIP THE CONTOURING QUESTIONS. Do not go to
the Current Studies section. Complete the Applications
10. 99
11. International FALLS
12. Laredo
13. 81
14. heating
15. 22
16. 55
17. heating
18. 8
19. hdd
20. false

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