Skills Baseplate en

SKILLS Project
BASE PLATE CONNECTIONS
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Design process for pinned and fixed column base joints

Base-plate resistance
Anchor bolt resistance
Concrete resistance
Weld resistance
Application of the component method to pinned and

fixed column base joint.
LIST OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Pinned
column base joint
Rigid column
base joint
Application
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Typical pinned column base joint

Column
Grout
Base plate
Concrete foundation
Anchor bolt
INTRODUCTION
Typical fixed column base joint

Column
Base plate
Anchor bolts
Concrete foundation
INTRODUCTION
Analysis of the joint according to EN 1993-1-8

Joint is modelled by a typical components : T-stub
Two models for loadings :
Resistance in compression : T-stub in compression with concrete,
Resistance in tension : T-stub in tension (anchor bolts + base plate
+ column web).
FT,Rd
FT,Rd
leff
8
FT
INTRODUCTION
Recommended partial safety factors according to EN 1993-1-8 :

gM0 =1
: column web in tension, bending of the base-plate
gM2 =1,25 : Anchor bolts in tension/shear, weld resistance
Recommended partial safety factors according to EN 1992-1-1 :

gC =1,5 : Concrete in compression, bond anchorage resistance
The national annexes may give indications
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION
Evaluation of the resistance in compression of T-stubs in

contact with concrete.
EN 1993-1-8 6.2.5
Resistance in compression of the joint : association of
resistances of T-stubs in compression.
Concrete resistance reached : fjd
Fc,Rd
leff
fjd
beff
Web T-stub : Fc,bw,Rd
11
Flange T-stubs : Fc,fc,Rd
Foundation bearing strength
fjd abf b j fcd
EN 1993-1-8 6.2.5
EN 1992-1-1 6.7
Where:
abf coefficient which accounts for diffusion of concentrated
force within the foundation.
bj
may be taken as 2/3 (see Note)
fcd Concrete design strength :
fck
fcd a cc
gc
fck
Compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days

acc = 1
gc = 1,5
12
Expression of abf :
df
abf = min 1+
;
max(hp ,bp )
eh
1+2 ;
hp
eb
1+2 ;
bp
Note : bj = 2/3 if :
em
50 mm
em min 0,2bp
0,2h
p
df
Axis x-x
eh
Axis y-y
eb
Strength of grout 0,2fcd

bp
Else : fjd fcd
Axis z-z
hp
13
Resistance in compression of a T-stub :
EN 1993-1-8 (6.4)
FC,Rd fjdbeff leff
Where:
leff Effective length of the T-stub
beff Effective width of the T-stub such as : beff t 2c
c
Additional bearing width of the flange :
F
c,Rd
c tp
fyp
3 fjdg M0
fyp
Yield strength of base plate

gM0 =1
14
c
leff
tp
beff
fjd
Large and short projections :
EN 1993-1-8 6.2.5
t = tfc
t = tfc or twc
beff
beff
tp
tp
fjd
fjd
bcc
a) Short projection
b) Large projection
Flange T-stub :
beff tfc c b c
Flange T-stub :
beff t fc 2c
Web T-stub :
beff t wc 2c
15
Resistance in compression of a flange T-stub :
Fc,fc,Rd fjdbeff leff
Where:
leff min bp ; bfc 2c
beff min c; hp hc /2 tfc min c; hc /2 tfc

beff
beff
c
c
tfc
leff
bfc bp
leff
bfc
c
hc
hc
hp
hp
Large projection
Short projection
16
bp
Resistance in compression of the web T-stub :
Fc,bw,Rd fjdbeff leff
Where:
leff hc 2tfc 2c 0
beff 2c twc
c
c
leff
twc
c
c
tfc
hc
17
beff
Resistance in compression of the joint : NC,Rd 2Fc,fc,Rd Fc,bw,Rd
NC,Rd fjd hcpbcp lcp bcp twc 2c
Where :
hcp min hp ; hc 2c
bcp min bp ; bfc 2c
c
tfc
lcp hc 2tfc 2c 0
twc
c
hc
hp
18
bfc bp
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION

Joint modelled by a T-stub (anchor bolts, base plate) in tension
Evaluation of the tensile resistance of the T-stub
6 possible failure modes :
Base plate/anchor bolts (modes 1, 2, 1-2 and 3)
Column web (mode 4) and weld
FT,Rd
FT,1,Rd
T,Rd
FFT,Rd
FT,Rd
b)
leff
19
FT,1,Rd
Failure modes of base plate/anchor bolts

Mode 1 : Yielding of the base plate
Mode 2 : Failure of anchor bolts
FT,1,Rd
FT,1,Rd
FT,2,Rd
FT,2,Rd
Prying
effect
Q
Mode 1-2 : Yielding of the base plate
Mode 3 : Failure of anchor bolts
FT,1-2,Rd
FT,3,Rd
No prying
effect
FT,3,Rd
FT,3,Rd
FT,4,Rd
20
FT,4,Rd

Mode 4 : Yielding of the column web in tension
FT,4,Rd
Rd
The prying effect has an influence on the choice of failure

modes.
Failure modes 1 and 2 are not possible without prying force
and are replaced by failure mode 1-2.
21
Prying effect and failure modes :
Prying effect
Presence of prying effect

FT,1,Rd
EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2

Absence of prying effect
FT,Rd
FT,Rd
FT,2,Rd
Deformation
Q
Condition
Lb L
Resistance of
the T-stub
FT,1,Rd ; FT,2,Rd
FT,Rd min
F
;
F
T,3,Rd T,4,Rd
*
b
FT,3,Rd
*
b
Lb >L
FT,1-2,Rd ; FT,3,Rd
FT,Rd min
F
T,4,Rd
FT,4,Rd
Anchor bolt elongation length :
EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2
Lb 8d em tp twa 0,5k
Where:
twa Thickness of the washer
d
Anchor bolt diameter
k
base plate
grout
Concrete
23
tp
em
8d
Limit anchor bolt elongation length :
EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2
3
8,8m
As
*
Lb
leff,1tp3
Where:
As
Tensile stress area of one anchor bolt
leff,1 Effective length :
twc
leff,1 =min leff,cp ; leff,nc
m p /2 twc /2 0,8 2a w
aw
p/2
m
Base plate
24
tp
Effective lengths of the T-stub :

EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.6
Circular mechanism
Non circular mechanism
e
Yield line
twc
leff,cp 2 m
leff,nc 4m 1,25e
25
Resistance of modes 1 and 1-2:
Failure mode
EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2
Mode 1
Mode 1-2
FT,1,Rd
FT,1-2,Rd
FT,1,Rd
Yielding of
the base
plate
Resistance of
the T-stub
FT,2,Rd
FT,1,Rd
4Mpl,1,Rd
FT,1-2,Rd
Where: Mpl,1,Rd mpl,Rdleff,1 ; mpl,Rd

FT,3,Rd 26
FT,3,Rd
tp2 fyp
4g M0
2Mpl,1,Rd
m
; leff,1 =min leff,cp ; leff,nc

FT,4,Rd
FT,4,Rd
Resistance of modes 2 and 3:
Failure mode
EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2
Mode 2
FT,1,Rd
Mode 3
FT,2,Rd
Ft,Rd,anchor
Failure of
anchor bolts
FT,3,Rd
m
Resistance of
the T-stub
Where:
F t,Rd,anchor
FT,3,Rd
FT,2,Rd
Ft,Rd,anchor
Ft,Rd,anchor
2Mpl,2,Rd 2nFt,Rd,anchor
mn
FT,3,Rd 2Ft,Rd,anchor
Mpl,2,Rd mpl,Rdleff,2 ; leff,2 =leff,nc ; n=min e; 1,25m

Resistance of Fone
anchor bolt
T,4,Rd
27
Tensile resistance of anchor bolts :
EN 1993-1-8 6.2.6.12
1. Base plate
2. Grout
3. Concrete foundation
(a) Hook : bond resistance
(b) Washer plate : No bond

28
Resistance of one anchor bolt, two failure modes:

Tensile resistance of the anchor bolt section, Ft,Rd,
Bond anchorage resistance, Ft,bond,Rd.
Ft,Rd,anchor min Ft,Rd ; Ft,bond,Rd
Design tensile resistance of the anchor bolt section :

EN 1993-1-8 Table 3.4
0,9 fub As
Ft,Rd
g M2
Where:
fub Tensile strength of the anchor bolt
gM2 = 1,25
29
EN 1993-1-8 Table 3.1
Bond anchorage resistance of a straight bolt :
Ft,bond,Rd dlb fbd

Where:
d
Nominal diameter of an anchor bolt
fbd Design bond strength :
If d < 32 mm :
0,36 f
fbd
Ft,Bond,Rd
ck
gC
lb
If d 32 mm :
0,36 fck 132 d
fbd
gC
100
gc = 1,5
fyb 600N /mm2

fyb : Yield strength of the anchor bolt.
30
Bond resistance of a bolt with a hook :
Ft,bond,Rd
dlb fbd
EN 1993-1-8 6.2.6.12 (5)
0,7
Ft,Bond,Rd
Check that :
fyb 300N /mm2
lb
5d
90
31
Resistance of mode 4:
Failure mode
Mode 4
FT,4,Rd
FT,3,Rd
Yielding of the column

web in tension
Resistance of the
T-stub
twc
FT,4,Rd Ft,wc,Rd
Where:
f y,wc Yield strength of the column web
beff,t =leff,1
32
beff,t twc fy,wc
g M0
Weld resistance :
Ft,w,Rd lw,eff,taw
fu / 3
bwg M2
Where:
aw
weld throat thickness of the web
EN 1993-1-8 Table 4.1
bw correlation factor
fu
nominal ultimate strength of the weaker joined part
lw,wb total effective length of the web welds
lw,eff,t =2leff,1 lw,wb
Final resistance of the joint in tension :

NT,Rd min FT,Rd ; Ft,w,Rd Nt,Ed
33
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - SHEAR RESISTANCE

Three ways to transmit shear force to concrete block :
Friction resistance between base plate and concrete (compression),
Shear of anchor bolts (compression/tension),
Use of shear nibs (important tension force).
34
Design friction resistance :
EN 1993-1-8 6.2.2 (6)
Ff,Rd Cf,dNc,Ed
Where:
N c,Ed Compression force
C f,d
Coefficient of friction
For sand-cement mortar :
Axial force Nc,Ed

Shear force
VEd<0,2Nc,Ed
C f,d 0,2
Friction
35
eh
hp
Shear resistance of an anchor bolt:

abc fub As
Fvb,Rd
g M2
Where:
fyb
Yield strength of the anchor bolt
abc 0,44 0,0003 fyb and 235 N/mm2 fyb 640 N/mm2
Fvb,Rd
36
EN 1993-1-8 6.2.2 (7)

Shear resistance in presence of compression : EN 1993-1-8 6.2.2 (8)
Addition of friction resistance and shear resistance of anchor bolts :
Fv,Rd Ff,Rd nFvb,Rd VEd

Where:
n
Number of anchor bolts
Axial force Nc,Ed
Shear force
VEd
Friction
Shear of anchor
bolts
37
eh
Shear resistance in presence of tension :

Nt,Ed
VEd
1
nFvb,Rd 1,4FT,Rd
Where:
FT,Rd Tensile resistance of the T-stub in tension
Axial force Nt,Ed
Shear force
VEd
Shear of anchor
bolts
38
eh
Shear resistance of welds (in compression) :

Vw,Rd fvw,d a lw,eff VEd
Where: fvw,d fu / 3
bwg M2
lw,eff
a
total effective length of the welds in the direction of shear

weld throat thickness in the direction of shear
Check of the shear resistance of welds (in tension) :

2
Nt,Ed VEd
Fw,Ed

lw,eff,t lw,eff
39
fvw,d a
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- INTRODUCTION
Calculation of the bending resistance and initial rotational

stiffness in presence of axial force :
Mj,Ed
Nj,Ed
Mj,Rd
j,Ed
Sj,ini
j,Ed
Initial rotational stiffness :
S j,ini
41
Mj,Ed
j,Ed
Mj,Ed Mj,Rd
Application of the component method :

Nj,Ed
j,Ed
Mj,Ed Mj,Rd
FT
Fc
Mode 2
Mcanisme partiel et
rupture des tiges
T-stub in compression :
T-stub in tension :
FT
FT,2,Rd =(2Mpl, 2, Rd +nFt, Rd)/(m +n)

Tronon en T
comprim
Aire de rpartition m
uniforme de pression
entre la platine et son
appui
FC
e
leff
beff
42
Lever arms :
Tensile force positioned at the centre of anchor bolts,
Compression force at the centre of the column flange.
hc
Bending moment :
Mj,Ed zCFC zTFT
Mj,Ed
Bending resistance : resistance

reach on a T-stub.
tfc
FC FC,Rd or FT FT,Rd
zT
FT
43
zC
FC
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- BENDING RESISTANCE
Bending resistance depend on eccentricity : e Mj,Ed Mj,Rd

N
Nj,Ed Nj,Rd
Dominant tensile force :
Dominant compression force :
0 eN zT
zC eN 0
zT
FT,Rd
Nj,Rd
Nj,Rd
Mj,Rd
Mj,Rd
zT
zC
FT
FC
2 T-stubs in tension
zC
FC,Rd
2 T-stubs in compression
44
Dominant bending moment : eN zT or eN zC

Joint composed of a tensile part and a compressive part :
Resistance reaches in one these parts,
zT
FT,Rd
Nj,Rd
Nj,Rd
Mj,Rd
Mj,Rd
zC
zT
FC
FT
T-stub in tension critical
zC
FC,Rd
T-stub in compression critical

45
Resistance in compression of a flange T-stub :
FC,Rd fjdbeff leff
Where:
EN 1993-1-8 (6.4)
FC,Rd
leff min bp ; bfc 2c

hp hc
hc
beff min c , t fc t fc min c ,
2
2
c tp
fyp
leff
3 fjdg M0
beff
c
tfc
c
twc
leff
beff
c
hc
hp
46
bfc bp
Resistance of the tensile part of the joint (2 anchor bolts):

Analysis of the resistance of an equivalent T-stub :
FT,Rd
EN 1993-1-8 Figure 6.10
Same calculation as for pinned column base joint:

Different effective length, leff
Replace m by mx, e by ex in resistance of T-stub
47
Effective lengths of the T-stub :

EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.6
Circular mechanism
Non circular mechanism
4mx 1,25ex
2 mx
2m 0,625e w /2
x
x
leff,cp min mx w
leff,nc min
m 2e
2mx 0,625ex e
x
bp /2
w
ex
bp
48
mx

Loading
Dominant
compression force
Lever arm
z
Bending resistance Mj,Rd

for a given value of eN
Nj,Ed < 0 and 0 eN +zC
z = zC + zC
The smaller of
Dominant tension
force
FC,Rd z
FC,Rd z
and
zC / eN 1
zC / eN 1
Nj,Ed > 0 and 0 eN +zT

z = zT + zT
The smaller of
z = zT + zC
Mj,Ed > 0 is clockwise, Nj,Ed > 0 is tension.
Nj,Ed 0
and eN > +zT or eN < - zT
The smaller of
eN
Mj,Ed
Nj,Ed
49
Mj,Rd
Nj,Rd
Nj,Ed > 0 and -zT eN 0
FT,Rd z
FT,Rd z
and
zT / eN 1
zT / eN 1
Nj,Ed 0
Dominant bending
moment
Nj,Ed < 0 and-zC eN 0
and eN < - zC or eN > zC
FC,Rd z
FT,Rd z
and
zT / eN 1
zC / eN 1
Table 6.7
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- INITIAL ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS
The column base joint can be classified rigid :

for frames where the bracing system reduces the
horizontal displacement by at least 80% :
- if
0 0,5
- if 0,5 0 3,93
and
S j,ini 72 20 1 EIc / Lc
- if 3,93 0
and
S j,ini 48EIc / Lc
Otherwise : S j,ini
30EIc
Lc
EN 1993-1-8
(2) 5.2.2.5
Where :
Lc : storey height of the column,
Ic : second moment of area of the column,
0 : slenderness of the column in which both ends are
assumed to be pinned.
50
Otherwise the column base joint is semi-rigid :

Joint model by a rotational stiffener in the global analysis :
Rotational stiffener
Sj
Sj Sj,ini
Sj
Sj,ini
Sj
if
Mj,Ed 2Mj,Rd /3
if
2Mj,Rd /3 Mj,Ed Mj,Rd
(1,5Mj,Ed / Mj,Rd ) ; 2,7

51
Model for the calculation of the initial rotational stiffness :

Tensile and compressive parts modelled by axial stiffener.
Initial rotational stiffness :
Mj,Ed
S j,ini
j,Ed
Nj,Ed
Nj,Ed
Mj,Ed
Mj,Ed
FT
j,Ed
FC
j,Ed
kT
52
zT
zC
kC
Stiffness of compressive part of the joint
kC k13
EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.11
Ec leff beff
1,275E
Where:
leff
Effective length of the T-stub,
beff Effective width of the T-stub,
Ec
Elastic modulus of concrete (see EN 1992-1-1),
E
Elastic modulus of steel.
FC
Flange
Concrete
53
Contact between flange and concrete
Stiffness of the tensile part of the joint

EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.11
Depends on the presence or absence of prying effect.
Presence of prying effect :
Absence of prying effect :
*
b
Lb L
Lb >L*b
FT
FT
B
T
Q
54
Stiffness of the tensile part in presence of prying effect :
kT
EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.11
1
1
k15 k16
k16 : stiffness coefficient of anchor bolts in tension :
As
k16 1,6
Lb
k15 : stiffness coefficient of base plate in bending under tension :
k15
0,85 leff tp3

m3
55
Stiffness of the tensile part in absence of prying effect :
kT
EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.11
1
1
k15 k16
k16 : stiffness coefficient of anchor bolts in tension :
As
k16 2
Lb
k15 : stiffness coefficient of base plate in bending under tension :
k15
0,425 leff tp3

m3
56
Rotational stiffness depend on the eccentricity :
eN
Mj,Ed
Nj,Ed
Dominant tensile force :
Dominant compression force :
0 eN zT
zC eN 0
Nj,Ed
Nj,Ed
Mj,Ed
Mj,Ed
FT,1
j,Ed
FC,1
FT,2
FC,2
j,Ed
kT
zT
zT
kT
kC
2 T-stubs in tension
zC
zC
kC
2 T-stubs in compression
57
Dominant bending moment : eN zT or eN zC

Joint composed of a tensile and compressive part :
Nj,Ed
Mj,Ed
FT
FC
j,Ed
kT
zT
zC
58
kC

Loading
Dominant
compression force
Lever arm
z
Initial rotational stiffness Sj,ini

for a given value of eN
Nj,Ed < 0 and 0 eN +zC
z = zC + zC
E z 2 kC
Sj,ini
2
Nj,Ed > 0 and 0 eN +zT

Dominant tension
force
Nj,Ed < 0 and-zC eN 0
z = zT + zT
Nj,Ed > 0 and -zT eN 0
E z 2 kT
Sj,ini
2
Nj,Ed 0
and eN > +zT or eN < - zT

Dominant bending
moment
z = zT + zC
Mj,Ed > 0 is clockwise, Nj,Ed > 0 is tension.
E z2
1
S j,ini
1 1 1 ak

kC kT
eN
Mj,Ed
Nj,Ed
59
Nj,Ed 0
and eN < - zC or eN > zC

zC kC -z T kT
kT +kC
e
ak = k
eN
ek =
Table 6.12
APPLICATION
APPLICATION PRESENTATION OF THE EXAMPLE
Detail of the joint and the concrete block

Axial force : NEd
Column : IPE 450 in S235

Base plate 48022010 in S235
Shear force Vz,Ed
Grout of 30 mm thickness
Concrete class C25/30
lb=400mm
df=500mm
Anchor bolts M24 class 4.6

Axis x-x
eh
Axis y-y
400
bp=220
eb
Axis z-z
hp =480
800
61
Detail of the joint

15
10
14,7
225
2 anchor bolts M24

Class 4.6
9,4
225
190
15
Flange weld : 6 mm
140
40
40
60,8 40
Web weld : 4 mm
62
Load Case 1 (compression) :

Nc,Ed = 85 kN
Vz,Ed = 35 kN
1-1 Check the resistance in compression
1-2 Check the shear resistance
Load Case 2 (tension) :

NT,Ed = 8,86 kN
Vz,Ed = 17,5 kN
2-1 Check the resistance in tension
2-2 Check the shear resistance
63
APPLICATION 1-1 RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION
Concrete (C25/30) design strength :

fck
fcd a cc
gc
25
fcd 1
16,7 MPa
50 mm
1,5
The value of bj is equal to 2/3, as : em 30 mm min 0,2 bp
Coefficient abf :
df
abf = min 1+
;
max(
h
,
b
)
p p
0,2 h
p
eb
1+2 ; 3
bp
500
800 480
400 220
abf min 1
;
1
;
1
,
480
480
220
eh
1+2 ;
hp
64
3 1,67
Foundation bearing strength :
fjd abf b j fcd

fjd 1,67 2/3 16,7 18,6 MPa
Additional bearing width of the flange :

c tp
fyp
3 fjd g M0
235
c 10
20,5 mm
3 18,6 1,0
65
Geometrical parameter :
hcp min hp ; hc 2c min 480;450 2 20,5 480 mm
bcp min bp ; bfc 2c min220;190 2 20,5 220 mm
Short projection
lcp hc 2tfc 2c 450 2 14,7 2 20,5 379,6 mm 0
Resistance in compression of the column base joint :
NC,Rd fjd hcp bcp lcp bcp twc 2c
18,6 480 220 379,6 220 9,4 2 20,5 /1000

766,6 kN
66
Check of the resistance in compression:

NC,Rd 766,6 kN Nc,Ed 85 kN
hc = 450
20,5
bc =15
c
bfc =190
tfc=
14,7
bc =15
twc = 9,4
c
leff = 220
c
c= 20,5
hp = 480
67
c
beff
APPLICATION 1-2 SHEAR RESISTANCE (CASE 1)
Friction resistance :
Ff,Rd C f,dNc,Ed
Ff,Rd 0,2 85 17 kN
Shear resistance of one anchor bolt :
abc fub As
Fvb,Rd
g M2
Fvb,Rd
(0,44 0,0003 240) 400 353

41,6 kN
3
1,25 10
Shear resistance of the joint

Fv,Rd Ff,Rd nFvb,Rd
Fv,Rd 17 2 41,6 100,2 kN
68
Shear resistance of welds :

Vw,Rd
fu / 3
b wg M2
a lw,eff
lw,eff 2 450 2 14,7 2 21 757,2 mm

360 / 3
Vw,Rd
4 757,2/1000 629,5 kN
0,8 1,25
Check of the shear resistance :

Vz,Rd min Fv,Rd ; Vw,Rd 100,2 kN Vz,Ed =35kN
69
APPLICATION 2-1 RESISTANCE IN TENSION (CASE 2)
Length m :
m p /2 twc /2 0,8 2a w
(140-9,4)
m=
-0,8 2 4 = 60,8 mm
2
Effective lengths and mechanisms :

leff,cp =2 m
Web weld :
4 mm
leff,cp =2 (60,8)=381,9 mm
leff,nc =4m+1,25e
leff,nc =460,8+1,2540=293,1 mm
140
40
40
Effective lengths of mode 1 and 2 :

leff,1 min leff,cp ; leff,nc 293,1 mm
leff,2 leff,nc 293,1 mm
70
60,8 40
Presence of prying effect?

Limit anchor bolt elongation length :
8,8m3 As
L
leff,1tp3
*
b
8,8 60,83 353

L
2382 mm
3
293,1 10
*
b
Anchor bolt elongation length :

Lb 8d em tp twa 0,5k
Lb 8 24 30 10 5 0,5 22 248 mm Lb* 2382 mm
Prying effect develops and failure modes 1, 2, 3 and 4 will be

considered.
71

Bending resistance of the base plate (per unit length) :
mpl,Rd
tp2 fyp
4 g M0
102 235
mpl,Rd
5,87kN.mm/mm
3
4 1,0 10
Bending resistances of the base plate
Mode 1 :
Mpl,1,Rd leff,1 mpl,Rd 293,1 5,87 1722 kN.mm
Mode 2 :
Mpl,2,Rd leff,2 mpl,Rd 293,1 5,87 1722 kN.mm
72
Resistance of one anchor bolt in tension
Design tensile resistance of the anchor bolt section:

0,9 fub As
Ft,Rd
g M2
0,9 353 400
Ft,Rd
101,6 kN
3
1,25 10
Design bond strength :

fbd
0,36 fck
gC
0,36 25
fbd
1,2 MPa
1,5
73
Design bond anchorage resistance:
Ft,bond,Rd dlb fbd

Ft,bond,Rd 24 400 1,2/1000 36,2 kN
Ft,Bond,Rd
Design anchor bolt resistance :
Ft,Rd,anchor min Ft,Rd ; Ft,bond,Rd 36,2 kN
74
lb = 400 mm
Resistance in tension of the T-stub : modes 1 and 2
Failure mode
Mode 1
Mode 2
FT,1,Rd
FT,1,Rd = 113,3
kN
Form of the
mode
Ft,Rd,anchor
FT,1,Rd
Resistance of
the T-stub
FT,2,Rd
=62,9kN
FT,2,Rd
4Mpl,1,Rd
m
4 1722
FT,1,Rd
113,3 kN
60,8
75
FT,2,Rd
2Mpl,2,Rd 2nFt,Rd,anchor
mn
2 1722 40 2 36,2
FT,2,Rd
62,9 kN
60,8 40
n = min (e ; 1,25m) = min (40 ; 1,25 60,8) = 40 mm

FT,3,Rd
FT,3,Rd
FT,4,Rd
FT,4,Rd
Resistance in tension of the T-stub : modes 3 and 4
Failure mode
Mode 3
Mode 4
FT,3,Rd
F
T,3,Rd=72,4
Form of the
mode
Ft,Rd,anchor
Ft,Rd,anchor
FT,3,Rd 2Ft,Rd,anchor
Resistance of
the T-stub
FT,4,Rd = 647,5 kNFT,4,Rd
kN
twc
FT,4,Rd
FT,3,Rd 2 36,2 72,4 kN
beff,t = leff,1 = 293,1 mm

76
FT,4,Rd
beff,ttwc fy,wc
g M0
293,1 9,4 235
647,5 kN
3
1 10
Resistance of the equivalent T-stub in tension:
FT,Rd min FT,1,Rd ; FT,2,Rd ; FT,3,Rd ; FT,4,Rd 62,9 kN
Weld resistance :
Ft,w,Rd lw,eff,taw
fu / 3
b wg M2
360 / 3
Ft,w,Rd 293,1 2 4
487 kN
0,8 1,25 1000
Check of the resistance of the joint in tension :

NT,Rd min FT,Rd ; Ft,w,Rd 62,9 kN Nt,Ed 17 kN
77
Check of the shear resistance of bolts :

Nt,Ed
VEd
17,5
8,86
0,31 1
nFvb,Rd 1,4NT,Rd 2 41,6
1,4 62,9
Check of the shear resistance of weld :

2
Nt,Ed VEd
l
l
w,eff,t w,eff
2
vw,d
8,86 17,5
2 293,1 757,2
78
a 1?
360 / 3
4 0,033 1
0,8 1,25
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Design methods, based on EC3 and EC2, are presented to

check the resistance of pinned column base joint for
different internal forces (compression/tension/shear).
The bending resistance and initial rotation stiffness of rigid

column base joint are determined considering T-stubs in
tension and compression.
These methods are based on the component method of EN

1993-1-8. The different components are: anchor bolts in
tension and/or shear, bending of base plate, base plate in
compression with concrete, welds.
80
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
EN 1992-1-1 Eurocode 2 Design of concrete structures Part 1-1:

General rules and rules for buildings
EN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures Part 1-1:

General rules and rules for buildings
EN 1993-1-8 Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures Part 1-8:

Design of joints.
82

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SKILLS Project

BASE PLATE CONNECTIONS

Design process for pinned and fixed column base joints

Application of the component method to pinned and

column base joint

Typical pinned column base joint

Typical fixed column base joint

Analysis of the joint according to EN 1993-1-8

Recommended partial safety factors according to EN 1993-1-8 :

Recommended partial safety factors according to EN 1992-1-1 :

The national annexes may give indications

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION

Evaluation of the resistance in compression of T-stubs in

Flange T-stubs : Fc,fc,Rd

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION

Foundation bearing strength

fjd abf b j fcd

Compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION

Strength of grout 0,2fcd

Else : fjd fcd

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION

Resistance in compression of a T-stub :

FC,Rd fjdbeff leff

Yield strength of base plate

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION

Large and short projections :

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION

Resistance in compression of a flange T-stub :

Fc,fc,Rd fjdbeff leff

leff min bp ; bfc 2c

beff min c; hp hc /2 tfc min c; hc /2 tfc

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION

Resistance in compression of the web T-stub :

Fc,bw,Rd fjdbeff leff

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION

Resistance in compression of the joint : NC,Rd 2Fc,fc,Rd Fc,bw,Rd

NC,Rd fjd hcpbcp lcp bcp twc 2c

bcp min bp ; bfc 2c

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION

Failure modes of base plate/anchor bolts

Mode 2 : Failure of anchor bolts

Mode 1-2 : Yielding of the base plate

Mode 3 : Failure of anchor bolts

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION

The prying effect has an influence on the choice of failure

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION

Prying effect and failure modes :

Presence of prying effect

EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION

Anchor bolt elongation length :

EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION

Limit anchor bolt elongation length :

EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2

leff,1 =min leff,cp ; leff,nc

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION

Effective lengths of the T-stub :

PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION

Resistance of modes 1 and 1-2: