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WhatisaConstantVoltageTransformeranintroductiontotheperfectsinewave
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WhatisaConstantVoltageTransformeranintroductiontotheperfectsinewave
Firstly the two Magnetic Circuits are separated but inter- linked allowing the transfer of energy from
Primary to Secondary.
Secondly the secondary circuit has a deliberate inductance introduced and is connected to a resonating
capacitor. This LC circuit is tuned to resonate at the desired transformer frequency.
The consequence is that the secondary part of the transformer runs saturated and the output voltage is
constant.
Overload protection
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WhatisaConstantVoltageTransformeranintroductiontotheperfectsinewave
The CVT is designed to supply an overload of 150% at around 200% overload the output waveform
collpases to near 0V, WITH NO HARM TO THE CVT, direct short circuiting for long periods of time is not
a problem for the CVT, as soon as the short is removed it will carry on supplying useable power.
Oscilloscope hold-up picture
Something for nothing: so long as at least
30% of the normal supply voltage is
present the suitably selected CVT can
provide adequate power for your critical
load.
ride-through picture
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WhatisaConstantVoltageTransformeranintroductiontotheperfectsinewave
Regulation
The output stays within 5% from zero to full load, if a tighter regulation is required trade-offs can
be made. At 50% load the regulation is about 3%. Between zero to light loading (3%) is the
greatest drop in output, so a permanent light load improves the regulation further. A Full to Zero
load event may cause a momentary variation of 8% but the CVT settles in a couple of cycles.
Stabilisation
The output stays within 3% for an input swing of 15% at half load 3% output can be achieved for
an input swing of approximately 30%
Output within 3% for nominal input +/-15% Even wider input swings at below nominal loads
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WhatisaConstantVoltageTransformeranintroductiontotheperfectsinewave
Power Factor
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WhatisaConstantVoltageTransformeranintroductiontotheperfectsinewave
Phase shift
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Output
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WhatisaConstantVoltageTransformeranintroductiontotheperfectsinewave
Waveform close-up
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Waveform close-up
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WhatisaConstantVoltageTransformeranintroductiontotheperfectsinewave
To produce a sinusoidal waveform a further winding is added which is coupled via a magnetic gap. This
extra 'neutralising' winding can be arranged to provide a suitable amount of 3rd and 5th harmonics
which when summed with the output 'square' wave above results in a sinewave.
A rst term equivalent circuit is also shown:
Lightning
A typical lightning strike produces a waveshape which has a front edge of about 1.2S and after 50S
the voltage will have dropped to half its peak value. Special test equipment is available which
generates a 8/20 S waveform which represents the lightning effect if the voltage is 6kV and the
source impedance less than 2 ohms. A further popular test is based on a 10/350 shape which is used in
telecoms applications.
It is not generally appreciated that of ce and domestic electrical distribution wiring will normally
` ash over' at about 6kV which limits the voltage expectation from local lightning strikes.
A typical `strike' may carry about 200 000 Amps which when applied to an earthed conductor will
cause a huge rise in the local earth potential. This effect can cause quite large amounts of energy to be
carried along local earth wiring. Particular attention needs to be given to this problem. See ICT wiring
and considerations.
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WhatisaConstantVoltageTransformeranintroductiontotheperfectsinewave
If the strike is of suf cient energy to damage the incoming distribution wiring because of a direct strike
then anything may happen.
2014 All Rights Reserved
Advance Electronics Ltd, Advance Park, Wrexham, LL14 3YR
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