2.

Boost converter example

L
iL(t)

Boost converter
with ideal switch

+ vL(t)

iC(t)

Vg

D1

Realization using
power MOSFET
and diode

iL(t)
Vg

+ vL(t)
Q1

DTs

Ts

iC(t)
C

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

18

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis

Boost converter analysis

L
iL(t)

original
converter

+ vL(t)
1

Vg

+
iC(t)

switch in position 1

switch in position 2
L

L
iL(t)
Vg

+ vL(t)

+
C

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

iL(t)

iC(t)

19

Vg

+ vL(t)

+
iC(t)
C

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis

Subinterval 1: switch in position 1

Inductor voltage and capacitor current

vL = Vg
iC = v / R

L
iL(t)

Small ripple approximation:

Vg

vL = Vg
iC = V / R

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

+ vL(t)

+
iC(t)
C

20

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis

Subinterval 2: switch in position 2

Inductor voltage and capacitor current

L

vL = Vg v
iC = i L v / R

iL(t)
Vg

Small ripple approximation:

+
iC(t)
C

vL = Vg V
iC = I V / R

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

+ vL(t)

21

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis

Inductor voltage and capacitor current waveforms

vL(t)

Vg
DTs

D'Ts
t
Vg V

iC(t)

I V/R
D'Ts

DTs

t
V/R

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

22

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis

Inductor volt-second balance

vL(t)

Net volt-seconds applied to inductor

over one switching period:

Vg
DTs

D'Ts
t

Ts

vL(t) dt = (Vg) DTs + (Vg V) D'Ts

0

Vg V

Equate to zero and collect terms:

Vg (D + D') V D' = 0

Solve for V:
V =

Vg
D'

The voltage conversion ratio is therefore

M(D) = V = 1 = 1
Vg D' 1 D
Fundamentals of Power Electronics

23

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis

Conversion ratio M(D) of the boost converter

M(D) = 1 = 1
D' 1 D

M(D)

4
3
2
1
0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

D
Fundamentals of Power Electronics

24

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis

Determination of inductor current dc component

iC(t)

I V/R
D'Ts

DTs

Capacitor charge balance:

t
Ts
0

iC(t) dt = ( V ) DTs + (I V ) D'Ts

R
R

Collect terms and equate to zero:

V (D + D') + I D' = 0
R

V/R

I
Vg/R
8

Solve for I:
I= V
D' R

Eliminate V to express in terms of Vg:

Vg
I= 2
D' R

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

4
2
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

25

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis

Determination of
inductor current ripple

Inductor current slope during
subinterval 1:
diL(t) vL(t) Vg
=
=
L
L
dt
Inductor current slope during
subinterval 2:
diL(t) vL(t) Vg V
=
=
L
L
dt

iL(t)
iL

Vg
L
0

Vg V
L
DTs

Ts

Change in inductor current during subinterval 1 is (slope) (length of subinterval):

Vg
2iL =
DTs
L
Solve for peak ripple:

iL =

Vg
DTs
2L

Fundamentals of Power Electronics

Choose L such that desired ripple magnitude

is obtained
26

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis

Determination of
capacitor voltage ripple

Capacitor voltage slope during
subinterval 1:
dvC(t) iC(t) V
=
=
C
RC
dt
Capacitor voltage slope during
subinterval 2:
dvC(t) iC(t) I
=
= V
C
C RC
dt

v(t)
v

V
RC
0

I V
C RC
DTs

Ts

Change in capacitor voltage during subinterval 1 is (slope) (length of subinterval):

2v = V DTs
RC

Solve for peak ripple:

v = V DTs
2RC
Fundamentals of Power Electronics

Choose C such that desired voltage ripple

magnitude is obtained
In practice, capacitor equivalent series
resistance (esr) leads to increased voltage ripple
27

Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis