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Z-Transform
ECE - 2006
1.
(A)
(B)
< |z|< 3
(C)
< |z|< 3
(D)
3
2
3
< |z|< 3
3
1
< |z|<3
ECE - 2007
2.
0.5
12z1
(A) 0.5
(C) 0.25
(B) 0
(D) 0.5
ECE - 2008
Statement for linked question 3 and 4:
In the following network, the switch is closed at t = 0 and the sampling starts from t = 0.
The sampling frequency is 10Hz.
10F
x(z)
S
+
3.
4.
x[n]
200k
Sampler
(fs = 10Hz)
5V
z transform
(C) 5 (1 5 )
(B) 5 0.05
(D) 5 5
The expression and the region of convergence of the z-transform of the sampled signal
are
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
5z
ze5
5z
ze0.05
5z
z-e-0.05
5z
ze5
, | z | < e-0.05
, | z | > e-0.05
ECE - 2009
5.
1 n
(A)
1
3
1
2
7.
3
2 z1
4
3 1 1 2
1 z + z
4
8
S1: The system is stable and causal for ROC: |z| > 2
S2: The system is stable but not causal for ROC: |z| < 4
1
S3: The system is neither stable nor causal for ROC: < |z| <
Which one of the following statements is valid?
(A) Both S1 and S2 are true
(B) Both S2 and S3 are true
(C) Both S1 and S3 are true
(D) S1, S2 and S3 are all true
ECE - 2011
8.
Two systems H1 (z) and H2 (z) are connected in cascade as shown below. The overall
output y(n) is the same as the input x(n) with a one unit delay. The transfer function of the
second system H2 (z) is
(10.4z1 )
x(n)
(A)
(B)
H1 (z) = (10.6z1)
(10.6z1 )
z1 (10.4z1 )
z1 (10.6z1 )
(10.4z1 )
H2 (z)
(C)
(D)
y(n)
z1 (10.4z1 )
(10.6z1 )
(10.4z1 )
z1 (10.6z1 )
ECE/EE/IN - 2012
9.
If x[n] = (13)|n| (12)n u[n], then the region of convergence (ROC) of its Z-transform in
the Z-plane will be
(A)
(B)
1
3
1
3
(C)
(D)
2
1
3
ECE - 2014
10.
1 n
1 n
Let x[n] = ( 9) u(n) ( 3) u(n 1). The region of convergence (ROC) of the ztransform of x[n]
(A) is |z| >
9
1
The z-transform of the sequence x[n] is given by X(z) = (12z1 )2, with the region of
convergence|z| > 2. . Then, x [2] is_______.
EE - 2007
1.
3n
2+n
z 2n ,
n
(A) y1 [ n ] y1 ( z ) =
n=0 (3) z
(B) y2 [ n ] y2 ( z )
n
(2n+1)
=
n=0(5 n) z
|n| n
(C) y3 [ n ] y3 ( z ) =
z
n= 2
(D) y4 [ n ] y4 ( z ) =2z 4 + 3z 2 +1
EE - 2008
2.
3.
Given X (z) = (za)2 with |Z|> a, the residue of X(z) z n1 at z = a for n 0 will be
(A) an-1
(C) nan
(B) an
(D) nan-1
H (z) is a transfer function of a real system. (When a signal x[n] = (1 + j)n is the input to
such a system, the output is zero. Further, the region of convergence (ROC) of (1
is the entire Z-plane (Except z = 0). It can then be inferred that H (z) can have a
minimum of
Let X(z) = 1z3 be the Z-transform of a causal signal x[n]. Then, the values of x[2] and
x[3] are
(A) 0 and 0
(C) 1 and 0
(B) 0 and 1
(D) 1 and 1
IN - 2008
1.
(A) |Z|>2
(C) |Z|>2
(B) |Z|< 2
(D) |Z|<
IN - 2011
2.
y[n] y[n 1] = x[n] and suppose that x[n] = ( ) u[n]. Assuming the condition of initial
3
2
rest, the solution for y[n], n 0 is
1 n
1 n
1 n
2 1 n
1 1 n
1 1 n
2 1 n
( ) + 3 (2)
3 3
( ) + 3 (2)
3 3
IN - 2014
3.
(A) ||<4
(B) ||<
12
(C) ||>4
(D) ||<
4.
; where a2 is real.
(C) 0.5
(B) 0.75
(D) 1.5
[Ans. D]
ROC {x1 + x2} = ROC{x1 x2 }(if there are no pole-zero cancellation)
2.
[Ans. B]
ROC is |z| < 2
x[n] = 0.5 2n u[n 1] x[0] = 0
3.
[Ans. B]
200 103
5
VR (s) = (
)
1
s
200 103 +
10 106 s
5 2 105 10 106
=
2 105 105 s + 1
10
5
=
=
2s + 1 s + 0.5
VR (t) = 5e0.5t
Therefore samples
X(n) = 5e 0.5n10
= 5e0.05n
4.
[Ans. C]
X(z) = 5e0.05n z n
n=0
= 5 (e0.05 z 1 )n
n=0
5.
[Ans. A]
Recall the z transform pairs:
z
1 n
z
1
( ) u(n)
, |z| >
1
3
3
z3
1 n
z
1
( ) (n 1)
, |z| <
1
2
2
z2
For x(n) containing both the above terms the ROC is the overlapping region:
1
1
< |z| < .
3
2
6.
[Ans. A]
For the given X(z) , note that the ROC is the entire z plane except
z = 0 and z = .
Recall the z transform pair: (n) 1
Recall the time shifting property:
If g(n) G(z)
(n n0 ) z n0 G(z)
(n n0 ) z n0
For given X(z) ,
x(n)=5 (n + 2) + 4 (n 1) + 3(n)
7.
[Ans. C]
Given : H(z)=
3
4
3
1
1 z1 + z2
4
8
2 z1
Express H(z) in +ve powers of z and find the zeros and poles.
3
3
z ( + 2z)
2z (z )
4
8
H(z) =
=
3
1
1
1
(z 2 4 z + 8) (z 4) (z 2)
Poles are at z = and z = lying inside the unit circle in the z plane.
Consider the three possible ROCs:
1
(i)|z| > 2
For a casual system h(n) =0, n< 0 and h(n) is a Right sided sequence and ROC is the region
outside the circle passing through the right most pole z =
The system is Causal.
For stability of LTI system unit circle should be inside the ROC
system is stable S1 is valid statement.
(ii)|z| <
The ROC is the annular region between two circles bounded by the poles:
1
At z = 4 and z = 2
H(n) is a two sided signal existing for
n < 0 as well as for n 0 and System is not causal. As unit circle is not inside the ROC , the
system is unstable.
S3 is a valid statement
Both S1 & S3 are true and S2 is not true.
8.
[Ans. B]
y[n] = x[n 1]
Taking z transform of both sides
Y(z) = z 1 X(z)
Y(z)
= z 1
X(z)
For cascaded system
H(z) = H1 (z). H2 (z)
z 1 =
(1 0.4z1 )
H (z)
(1 0.6z1 ) 2
H2 (z) =
9.
z 1 (1 0.6z 1 )
(1 0.4z 1 )
[Ans. C]
1 |n|
1 n
x(n) = ( ) ( ) u[n]
3
2
= x1 (n) + x2 (n)say
x1 (Z) = x1(n)z n
n=
1 |n|
= x1 ( ) z n
3
n=
1
= x1 ( )
3
n=
1
z n + x1 ( ) z n
3
n=
1
1 1 n
= x1 ( z) + ( z )
3
3
n=
n=
1
1 2
= { z + ( z) + . }
3
3
0
1
1
1
+ {( z 1 ) + ( z 1 ) + }
3
3
ROC is
1
1
| z| < 1 | z 1 | < 1
3
3
1
|z| < 3 |z| > | |
3
1 n
x2 (n) = ( ) u(n)
2
1
x2 (n) =
1
1 Z 1
2
1 1
ROC is | z | < 1
2
1
or|z| >
2
We draw the three ROC on the Z plane
So,
The over lapping region is given by
1
< |z| < 3
2
10.
[Ans. C]
Given x[n]
1 n
1 n
= ( ) u[n] ( ) u[n 1]
9
3
1 n
1
For ( ) u[n] ROC in |z| >
9
9
Right sided sequence, ROC in
1)
(
exterior of circle of radius
9
1
1
Thus overall ROC in < |z| <
9
3
11.
[Ans. B]
x(n) = x(n)
x(z) = x(z1 )
0.5 + j0.25 is a zero of x(z)
1
x(z) = x(z )
12.
= 2k 2nk
k=0
n
= 2n
k=0
= 2 1
=0
x[n] = 2n (n + 1)
So, x[2] = 22 (2 + 1)
= 12
EE
1.
[Ans. B]
Two discrete time signals x(n) and y (n) are said to be orthogonal, if
3n
2+n
z 2n
= 2 + 1 z 2 +
1
2.
[Ans. D]
z
1 d
1! dz
z=a
d
= [z n ]|
dz
z=a
1
= n z n1 |z=a = n an1 = nan
a
Note that the Question asked is to find x(n) given
z
X(z) = (za)2 with |z|>a , for which the answer is known through the following fundamental
ZT pairs and properties.
z
u(n)
, |z| > 1
z1
d
z
z
n u(n) z (
,
)=
(z 1)2
dz z 1
|z| > 1
z
z
a
n
n a u(n)
,| | > 1
2
z
a
(a 1)
az
=
, |z| > |a|
(z a)2
z
n an1 u(n)
, |z| > |a|
(z a)2
3.
[Ans. A]
1
[Ans. B]
X(z) =
1
1 z 3
1 + z 3 + z 6
1 z 3
1
1 z 3
z 3
z 3 z 6
z 6
.
x(z) = 1 + z 3 + z 6 +. .
x(n) = {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, }
x(2) = 0 and x(3) = 1
IN
1.
[Ans. A]
Given,
x[n] = 2n u(n)
x(z) = x[n]z n
n=
n
= 2 u[n]z
n=
= 2n . z n
n=0
2
1
= ( ) =
z
1 2z 1
n=0
[Ans. B]
1
y[n] y[n 1] = x[n]
3
Y(z)
1
= H(z) =
1
X(z)
1 z 1
3
1 n
For input x[n] = ( ) u[n]
2
z
1
X(z) =
, |z| >
1
2
(z 2)
1
z
z
Y(z) = H(z)X(z) =
=
1 1
1
1
1
(1 3 z ) (z 2) (1 3) (z 2)
Y(z)
z
=
1
1
z
(1 3) (z 2)
2
3
=
+
1
1
(1 3) (z 2)
2z
3z
Y(z) =
+
1
1
z3 z2
1 n
1 n
y(n) = [2 ( ) + 3 ( ) ] u(n)
3
2
3.
[Ans. C]
[Ans. C]
Only this option gives poles inside unit circle.