CLEANER COAL WORKSHOP

AUGUST 19-21, 2008

HA LONG CITY, VIETNEM

CFB Boilers in China

Jianxiong Mao
Department of Thermal Engineering
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Advantages of CFB combustion Boiler

Clean coal combustion
Lower NOX emission
Lower cost desulphurization during combustion

Fuel flexibility
Low grade coals, low volatile fuels: anthracite and
petroleum coke, coal mine mouth and coal
washery wastes, Biomass, municipal solid waste

Lower Load rate

Ash can be used for cement
Stability of operation

Status of CFB Boilers in China

Total number of CFB boilers in operation
by the end of 2007 was 2637 units with
total installed capacity of about
40,000MWe;
Among the total 40,000MWe CFB boilers,
unit capacity between 100-200MWe was
over 100 units and unit capacity of
300MWe was 8 units in operation;
China has been the country with the
largest number and capacity of CFB
boilers in the world.

Statistics of CFB Boilers in China

2007

Capacity
t/h (MWe)

Number of Units of Total

(ordered, under construction
and in operation)

Number of units in
operation

25-50

1024

886

65-90 (25MWe)

1340

1159

100-130 (50MWe)

218

188

130-180 (75MWe)

86

69

200-280 (90MWe)

214

184

310-410 (100MWe)

55

46

420-485 (135MWe)

184

96

500-700 (200MWe)

1000 (300MWe)

31

3158

2637

Total

First 300MWe Anthracite CFB in Baima

Power Plant in Sichuan Province

Coal with volatile matter

content less than 10% is
defined as Anthracite;
Anthracite is difficult to ignite,
stable and complete
combustion by PC boiler, but
is a good fuel for CFB boilers;
China is rich in anthracite
reverse and production, it is
used as steam coal for power
generation. CFB is a excellent
solution for efficient
anthracite combustion.

Big Potential for Coal Mine and

Coal Washery Wastes Fired CFB
Annual coal production in China has been
over 2500 million tons in 2007, large amount
of coal mine and coal washery wastes can be
converted into electricity through CFB power
generation;
Only in Shanxi Province, which is the largest
coal producer in China, 5,000-6,000MWe CFB
power plants burning coal mine and coal
washery wastes will be built during 2006-2010,
which will consume 30-40 million tons of coal
mine and coal washery wastes .

Coal Mine and Coal Washery

Wastes Fired CFB Power Plants

CFB boilers used for

coal mine and coal
washery wastes fired
CFB power plants in
operation include
50MWe, 135MWe,
150MWe and 300MWe,

The largest 2300MWe

coal nine waste CFB
plant will be in operation
in August 2008 in Shanxi
Province.

4150MWe Reheat CFB Burning Waste Anthracite

Campha Thermal Power Plant in Vietnam
Campha is the Largest
ongoing CFB Power Plant in
Vietnam
Location: Campha, Vietnam
EPC Contractor: Harbin Power
Engineering (HPE) , China
Subcontractor to HPE Providing
Engineering Package and Site
Service: Foster Wheeler
Start-Up Year: 2009/2010
Capacity: 4150MWe in 2 phases
Fuel: 80% Waste anthracite and
20% anthracite washery slurry

Campha Thermal Power Plant Under Construction

500 tons/day municipal solid waste (MSW)CFB

Power Plant Developed by Tsinghua University

The Sources of CFB Boiler Technology in China

Local CFB Technologies developed by:
Tsinghua University
Thermal Engineering Physics Institute
Thermal Power Research Institute

Imported Sub-critical CFB Technology from:

Foster Wheeler to:
Dongfang Boiler Company:100MWe CFB
Wuxi Boiler Company:150-300MWe CFB
EVT to:
Harbin Boiler Company: 135MWe CFB
CE to:
Shanghai Boiler Company: 135 MWe CFB
Alstom to:
Harbin/Dongfang/Shanghai Boiler companies: 300MWe CFB

Redevelopment of imported CFB technologies

200MWe CFB Boiler Jointly Developed by

Tsinghua University and Harbin Boiler Co.Ltd

Concept Design of 300MWe CFB Boiler

Developed by Tsinghua University
Features of concept design
of 300MWe CFB boiler:

Suitable for burning Chinese coal

(high ash and sulfur content and
low heating value);
Three(3) Cyclones without external
heat exchanger (EHE);
Parallel back pass with damper
reheat temperature control;
Tubular air heater for less air
leakage.

Introduced 200-300MWe CFB

Technology from Foster Wheeler

FB190

Introduced 200-300MWe CFB

Technology from Alstom

Why We Need Supercritical CFB ?

Performance Comparison Between Different Type of Thermal Power Generation Units
Types of units

Sub-critical
2600MWe

Supercritical
2600MWe

Ultra-supercritical
21000MWe

Steam parameters

16.7MPa/
538/538oC

24.5MPa/
538/566oC

24.5MPa/
566/566oC

27.5MPa/
600/600oC

Heat rate of Steam

turbine
(Kcal/kwh)

1877

1830

1780

1772

Net efficiency
()

39

42.91

43.63

45.01

Coal consumption
(gce/kwh)

315

286

282

272.9

Reduction of coal
consumption
(gce/kwh)

Base

29

33

42

600MWe Supercritical CFB in China

Development program of 600MWe supercritical CFB
boiler in China is a sub-project of 863 Program (High
Technology Development Program in China funded by
MOST ), which is jointly developed by Tsinghua and
Harbin Boiler Co. Ltd. Another two major boiler
companies- Dongfang and Shanghai are also to join
this development.
First 600MWe supercritical CFB utility boiler burning
anthracite will be built at Baima Power Plant.
Construction of this project will start by the end of
2008

Development of 600MWe Supercritical CFB in China

Concept design of 600MWe
supercritical CFB boiler has
been completed.
Considering low and even
heat flux and temperature in
CFB furnace, smooth tube
can be used instead of rifled
tube in furnace.
A demonstration project of
600MWe supercritical CFB
power plant will be built in
2008 at Baima Power Plant.

Arrangement of 600MWesupercritical CFB

Boiler of Tsinghuas Design

Concept Design of 600MWe Supercritical CFB Boiler Jointly

Developed by Tsinghua University and Harbin Boiler Company

Design features:

Pants leg furnace design

based on introduced
design from Alstom;
Combined ignition system
both under bed and above
bed;
Vertical tube water wall;
6 cyclones with 6 external
heat exchangers (EHEs);
Bottom ash drained from
both two side walls
through roller type ash
cooler;
4 regenerated air heaters
with 4 sectors

Basic Design Performances of 600MWe

CFB Boiler Jointly Developed by
Tsinghua University and Harbin Boiler Company
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

BMCR = 1900t/h
SH steam pressure=25.4MPa
SH steam temperature =5715
RH steam temperature = 5695
Boiler efficiency = 91.9LHV
Lowest boiler load without oil supply = 30BMCR
SO2emissions < 400mg/Nm3
NOx emissions 200 mg/Nm3
Removed bottom ash temperature at the outlet of
ash cooler 150

Roller Type Ash Cooler for 300/600 MWe

CFB Boilers Developed in China

Roller Type Ash Cooler for

300/600 MWe CFB Boilers

Concept Design of 600MWe Supercritical CFB

Boiler Developed by Dong Fang Boiler Company
Design features:

Pants leg furnace design based

on introduced design from
Alstom;
Coal feed through loop seal
system;
Combined ignition system both
under bad and above bed;
6 cyclones with 6 external heat
exchangers (EHEs);
Bottom ash drained from both
two side walls through roller
type ash cooler;
4 regenerated air heaters with 4
sectors

Concept Design of 600MWe Supercritical CFB Boiler Jointly Developed by

Thermal Engineering Physics Institute and Shanghai Boiler Company

Design features:

Single furnace design without

pants leg;
Vertical tube design with
partial rifle tube ;
Mass flow rate is 1400kg/m2s
6 cyclones with 6 external
heat exchangers (EHEs);
Bottom ash drained from both
two side walls through roller
type ash cooler;

Conclusions
CFB as a clean coal technology is very important for
the countries such as China where coal is the
dominant factor in energy structure;
China has been the country with the largest number
and capacity of CFB boilers;
CFB has been a mature technology as utility boiler for
power generation with unique advantages vs PC
boilers such as low emissions and fuel flexibility;
CFB is specially suitable for burning anthracite, low
grade coal, biomass and municipal solid waste for
power generation.

Thank you