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The Earth Is Crying Out for Help.

As national leaders and others assemble in Copenhagen for
the climate change negotiations, the whole subject must seem a
mystifying cloud of acronyms, numbers and data. But as important
as all these are in crafting an action plan, they completely obscure
the fact that the planet works as a biological as well as a physical
system. That biophysical system (the biosphere and atmosphere
together) is the key to understanding the urgency of climate change
as well as crafting a truly meaningful response.
Everywhere one looks on the planet; nature is on the move in ways never seen
before by natural science. Species are changing the timing of their life cycles, and some
are already moving and changing where they occur. We are beginning to see a decoupling
of tight links in nature in which one element is affected by day length and the other by
temperature. With the earlier arrival of spring, for example, snowshoe rabbits are now no
longer camouflaged by their brilliant white winter coats because they are in snowless
landscapes — completely uncovered to predators.
The implications for agricultural ecosystems are equally worrisome. Australia has
had to abandon rice as a major export crop because of persistent drought (an early
manifestation of climate change). Dwindling glaciers and glacial melt threaten agricultural
productivity in many parts of the world. Lester Brown, founder of the Earth Policy
Institute, projects considerable difficulty in maintaining current agricultural practice and
production in the face of rising global temperatures.
The oceans, so important to us for seafood, have become 30 percent more acid
because of higher concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere. This ultimately will affect all
the tens of thousands of marine species that build skeletons or shells of calcium carbonate.
Effects are already being noticed at the base of some ocean food chains.
The living planet is signaling very clearly that current greenhouse gas
concentrations are already too high. So the challenge becomes not only to find ways to
reduce emissions from deforestation and other land-use change, but also to identify ways
to pull CO2 out of the atmosphere.
Adapted from
By THOMAS LOVEJOY
Published: December 8, 2009
I. COMPREHENSION : (15 points)
BASE ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE TEXT

A. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS. (3pts)

a. Why are snowshoe rabbits easy targets to predators?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Why has Australia abandoned exporting rice?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. According to the text, why is the seafood becoming more acid?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..

B. ARE THESE SENTENCES TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY. (4pts)

a. The world leaders gathered in Copenhagen to deal with climate change.
[ ……….]…………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Melting glaciers provide water for agriculture.
[..………]…………………………………………………………………………………..
c. Marine species can’t live with the high rates of Carbone Dioxide in the air.
[………..]…………………………………………………………………………………..
d. The solution is to reduce the CO2.
[………..]…………………………………………………………………………………..

C. FIND IN THE TEXT WORDS OR EXPRESSIONS THAT MEAN THE SAME AS: (4pts)
a. pressing necessity (paragraph 1).......................................
b. sorts or kinds (paragraph 2)............................................
c. to give up (paragraph 3)....................................................
d. to remove (paragraph 5)...................................................

D. WHAT DO THESE UNDERLINED WORDS IN THE TEXT REFER TO: (4pts)

a. they:……………………………
b. some:……………………………
c. they:............................................
d. this:…………………………….
II. Language: (15pts)
A. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE APPROPRIATE CONNECTORS FROM THE LIST: (4pts)
So that – therefore – but – besides – whereas – as though – apart from – no matter
1. Ahmed is not very trust worthy, ..................... I like him.
2. ................... Libya, the other Maghreb Union countries were colonized by the French.
3. Amin stood on the chair ............................. he could reach the top shelves.
4. I don’t want to go, ......................... the car is broken.

B. MATCH ONE ELEMENT IN (A) WITH ONE ELEMENT IN (B). (5pts)

A B
1. Perhaps she will marry him. a. She can’t have done it.
2. She tried to escape, unsuccessfully. b. She should do it.
3. She certainly went abroad on holiday. c. She couldn’t do it.
4. I think she’d better go on a diet. d. She must have done it.
5. She didn’t do it; that’s impossible. e. She may do it.
1 2 3 4 5

C. REWRITE THE SENTENCES AS SUGGESTED: (3pts)

1. Scientists make new discoveries every year.
New discoveries......................................................................................................................
2. “It’s a pity I can’t speak Japanese,” she said.
She said..................................................................................................................................
3. He is poor. He gets the highest grades at school.
In spite of................................................................................................................................

D. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE APPROPRIATE PARTICLE / PREPOSITION FROM THE
LIST: (3pts)
on – in – off – away – after – up – down – above – under

1. The plane took ................... at 7:00 am.

2. Samir took ................... the sport of karate at the age of six.
3. That story can’t be true. You have made it ...................
4. The music is too loud. Turn ................... the volume, please.
5. I haven’t read the news paper yet. Don’t throw it ...................
6. Go ..................., you are making a good work.
III. Writing: (10pts)

Topic: “Water is a precious resource, without it life will not exist,”

Write an essay to your school magazine to explain the importance of water in our life.
(approximately 150 words)

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