MODULE 2:

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE TWO-WAY SLABS(WSD)

Depth Limitation for Two-Way Slabs NSCP

ln = clear span in long direction

= ratio of long span to short span
fm = ave. value of flexural stiffness of beam section on
edges of the panel

Analysis and Design Procedure

Both directions need to be considered hence the name.
The Designer must determine the Moments in both the short span
and the long span before applying the flexure formulas.

lb

-Mb

+Mb

la
+Ma
-Ma

Determining Moments by the Coefficient Method

-Moment along Short Span
2

-Ma = Ca wtot la

-Moment along Long Span

2

-Mb = Cb wtot lb

+Moment along Short Span

+Ma = MDL + MLL
MDL = CaDL W DL la2
MLL = CaLL W LL la2
+Moment along Long Span
+Mb = MDL + MLL
MDL = CbDL W DL lb2
MLL = CbLL W LL lb2
Where:
la = length of the shorter span
lb = length of the longer span
C = moment coefficient

Examples
Determine the required reinforcement for the slab of the structural system shown below.

G-1
fc=21 Mpa n = 12
Fy = 275 Mpa

B-1

5m

B-1

Superimposed DL = 3.6 Kpa

G-1
4.0m

LL = 2.4 KPa

Step 1: Determine what the problem provides and requires.

The problem requires the amount of reinforcement of the beam (As)
When it comes to formulas, beams and slabs share the same
formulas when it comes to flexure. So, the same formula applies
for slabs in terms of As.

As =

M
fs j d

Step 2: Determine the slab thickness(t)

For two way slabs, the simplest way to determine the required thickness is
Perimeter/180. If calculations will require a thicker slab then bending
provisions will govern/
t = Perimeter / 180
t = {2 x (5+4)} / 180
t = 0.1m or 100mm use 125mm

Since the approximate is exactly 100mm, it

is good practice to use the next
incremental thickness.

Step 2: Determine the loads on the slab

Take note that the uniform load W is in KN/m, while the given date is in
Kn/m2. This simply means you need to multiply the given data to a
tributary width. For one way slabs or slabs in general this is taken to be
1m only since we analyse the slabs in 1m strips

Given:

DL=3.6 Kn/m2 (weight of the slab will be added)

Wtslab = unit weight of concrete x thickness
= 24 Kn/m3 x 0.125
Wtslab = 3.0 Kn/m2

DL=3.6 + 3.0 = 6.6 Kn/m2

LL = 2.4 Kn/m2

WDL = 6.6 ( 1m ) = 6.6 Kn/m

WLL = 2.4 ( 1 m] ) = 2.4 Kn/m
Then the total load on the joist is simply the sum of these two:
WT = 6.6 + 2.4 = 9.0 Kn/m

Step 3: Compute for the maximum bending moment (M).

Before we can proceed with this step, there are a few things that must be
established that the tables require. First is the value for m
m = la/lb
m = 4.0/5.0
m = .80 this will hold thru for all tables
Next is to determine what case the slab in question is. The tables have
nine different cases depending on the edge condition of the slab, The
crosshatch indicates a continuous edge. Otherwise it is deemed
discontinuous. For this case, we have all discountinous edges because
there is no adjacent slab to the one being designed, so we will use Case 1.

Negative Moment:
Short Span
-Ma = Ca W t la2
From Tables Ca = 0
-Ma = 0 Kn-m
Long Span
-Mb = Cb W t lb2
From Tables Cb = 0
-Mb = 0 Kn-m

Because the edges are discontinuous, the negative

moments are zero.

Positive Moment:
Short Span
+Ma = MDL + MLL
+MDL = CaDL W DL la2
From Tables CaDL = .056
+MDL = .056(6.6)(4.0)2 = 5.91 Kn-m
+MLL = CaLL W LL la2
From Tables CaLL = .056
+MDL = .056(2.4)(4.0)2 = 2.15 Kn-m
+Ma = 5.91 + 2.15 = 8.06 Kn-m

Long Span
+Mb = MDL + MLL
+MDL = CbDL W DL lb2
From Tables CbDL = .023
+MDL = .023(6.6)(5.0)2 = 3.795 Kn-m
+MLL = CbLL W LL lb2
From Tables CbLL = .023

+MDL = .023(2.4)(5.0)2 = 1.38 Kn-m

+Mb = 3.795 + 1.38 = 5.175 Kn-m

Step 4: Compute for As and spacing.

This step is simply filling up the formula

M
fs j d

As =

Solve for : fs = 0.40 (fy)

fs = 0.40 (275)
fs = 110 MPa

j = 1 k/3

Solve for :

k=

Solve for : d = h - Cc (b/2)

n
n + (fs/fc)
n = 12
fc = .45 fc
fc = .45 (21)
fc = 9.45 Mpa

k=

= 12 mm
d = 125 - 20 (12/2)
d = 99 mm

12
12 + (110/9.45)

j = 1 0.508/3
j = .8308
Positive Reinforcement:
Short Span
8.06
110x1000 (.8308)(.099)

As = .000891 m2 x 10002 = 891 mm2

S = Ab (1000)

As

Ab = Area of rebar
Area of 12mm rebar = 113 mm2

S = 113 (1000)

891
s = 126.82 mm say 125 mm
Long Span

+Asa =

5.175
110x1000 (.8308)(.099)

As = .000572 m2 x 10002 = 572 mm2

h = 125mm
Cc = Concrete Cover
= 20 mm
b = Bar diameter

k = 0.508

+Asa =

fy =275 Mpa

S = Ab (1000)

As

Ab = Area of rebar
Area of 12mm rebar = 113 mm2

S = 113 (1000)

572
s = 197.56 mm say 175 mm
Negative Reinforcement:
NSCP states that for discontinuous edges:
-Asdiscont = (+Asmispan)/3

Short Span
-Asdiscont = 891/3 = 297 mm2 s = 380.5mm
(or simply multiply the spacing by 3)
-sdiscont = 125 x 3 = 375 mm
Long Span
-Asdiscont = 572/3 = 191 mm2 s = 592.7mm
(or simply multiply the spacing by 3)
-sdiscont = 175 x 3 = 525 mm