Lab 1 : Material lab

PROGRAM KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

FAKULTI INDUSTRI KEJURUTERAAN
LAB SHEET
,

EXPERIMENT 7: VIRTUAL WORK

1.INTRODUCTION
The principal of virtual work is central study of structural mechanics. It is in a sense an
extension of the general conditions of equilibrium on which all structural theory is based.
If a body of structure acted on by a set of forces in equilibrium is given a small
displacement during which forces are unchanged, then the network done by the forces is
zero. This is true because some of the forces produce work whilst others absorb work.
The application of virtual work usually requires a virtual I displacement to be imposed on
the structure so that work equation can be written. The most useful applications are in
determining reactions and influence lines, especially for statically indeterminate
structures.
2.APPARATUS

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3
1

1
1
2
1
2
1
1

HAC6m
HSAl06
HSA10
HSA114

Dial Gauge Assembly

Double Pulley Bracket .1 HSA 1 09 Hanger Clamp
Vertical Displacement Plate
End Support with Clamping Fixture, Counterbalance and
Hanger
HSA115
End Support with Roller Fixture, Counterbalance and
Hanger
HST603
Moment Application Fixture
HST605
Cord Assembly
HST607
Hanger Link
HST610
Counterbalance Hanger
HWH2
0.5N Hanger
HWH4
1.0N Hanger
HT-B3 Mild Steel Test Beam 25mm x 3mm
HST401
Set of weights

3.OBJECTIVE

To find the end fixing moment and vertical reaction of a fixed beam with a couple
applied at mid-span.

4.PROCEDURES
(Part 1: Fixed Beam)
1.

2.

3.

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.
10.

A span of 980mm between the end supports and with the moment application
device clamped to the beam at mid-span was set up (Refer to Construction
Appendix). Beams were attached to the support by special clamp which permits
horizontal movement but no vertical play.
One end support has a pivoted bearing to which the beam free longitudinal travel
and the whole support can be lifted by inserting plates underneath it. On both an
arm from the underside allows tangential force to be applied at a radius of 150
mm and rotation to be measured at 100 mm. the heavier (ochre) load hanger was
positioned on the same side as the dial gauge.
The clamp-on moment application fixture with counterbalancing system was
provided so that a pure moment can be applied. The clamp-on part is free to
deflect as the beam moves, while its rotation is derived from two dial gauge
readings. The moment is developed by equal up and down forces acting through
cords on a pair of 75 mm diameter torque wheels, one each side of the beam. 4.
Both the left hand end support and the right hand end were released to start with.
The beam was checked for deflection without horizontal restraint at the left hand
end.
The mass of the moment applicator was balanced by the special hanger provided.
Load hangers were positioned on all four of the end support moment arm cords.
5N was added to each of two inner load hangers to make the beam roughly level.
The reading from moment arm dial gauges for the no load datum values was
recorded.
10N was added to each of the load hangers on the moment applicator and then
equal weights was added nominally to the end support moment arms to restore
them to their datum values.
These fixed end moment weights were recorded. The procedure was repeated with
twice and three times the loading as a check.
The results were entered in Table 1.

5.RESULTS

Use the results from Part 1 to produce a graph of end fixing moment against the
applied coupled at mid-span.
Determine the ratio of the fixing moment to the applied couple.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Industri Selangor

Revised AUG:2005