Morane-Saulnier

Morane-Saulnier Rallye Minerva MS.894A, built in 1970

Leon Morane

Morane-Saulniers rst commercially successful design

was the Morane-Saulnier G, a wire-braced shoulder-wing
monoplane with wing warping. This led to the development of a series of aircraft and was very successful in
racing and setting records. The Type G was a 2-seater,
and was reduced slightly in size to produce the MoraneSaulnier H, a single-seater, and was given a faired fuselage to produce the Morane-Saulnier N single-seat ghter.
The Morane-Saulnier H was modied so that its wings
were mounted parasol fashion, above the fuselage to afford the observer a better view, creating the MoraneSaulnier L. The L was then tted with a faired fuselage
as on the N and ailerons to make the Morane-Saulnier
LA, which was then completely redesigned (though looking very similar) to make the Morane-Saulnier P which
would be the basis for a whole family of aircraft developed in the '20s. The Type N was developed into the
larger and more powerful Morane-Saulnier I and the very
similar Morane-Saulnier V, but these were not successful, being too powerful and having inadequate controls.
The V was then redesigned to create the Morane-Saulnier
AC which substituted ailerons for wing warping and had
a strut-braced wing. The AC was not particularly successful, in part because of poor eld of view a shouldermounted wing produced, so the Morane-Saulnier AI was
developed, in which the wing was raised above the fuselage. The AI lost out in the competition to the SPAD
XIII but was built in limited numbers in case there was
a problem with the SPAD; as it turned out it was the AI
that suered structural problems. In parallel to the L the
Morane-Saulnier BB was developed for the RFC, which
was a Type P built as a biplane. Because the type 'BB'
when pronounced in French sounds like Bebe (or baby),
this became the types nickname. Most of these types had

Morane-Saulnier MS.317

Aroplanes Morane-Saulnier is a French aircraft

manufacturing company formed in October 1911 by
Raymond Saulnier (18811964) and the Morane brothers, Leon[1] (18851918) and Robert[2] (18861968).
The company was taken over and diversied in the 1960s.

1
1.1

History
Model development

Morane-Saulniers rst product was the Model A, a

development of a monoplane design produced by the
Morane company (sometimes called Morane-Borel, from
the brothers partnership with Gabriel Borel). Using a
wing-warping mechanism for control, this was the type
in which Jules Vdrines won the Paris-Madrid race on
May 26, 1911.
1

2 MORANE-SAULNIER DESIGNS

no xed n, or horizontal stabilizer, with the result that

they were not only very sensitive on the controls, but also
could not even be own hands o. One early pilot noted
that if one left the aircraft to its own devices it would end
up going upside down in the opposite direction. Despite
this, many were used as trainers, including a great many
that had their wings stripped so they couldn't y, creating
what was known as a Penguin.

2 Morane-Saulnier designs
Morane-Saulnier A
Morane-Saulnier B
Morane-Saulnier G
Morane-Saulnier H

The Type L has the distinction of being the rst ghter

aircraft used during World War I when one was tted with
a machine gun ring through the propeller, which was
tted with metal plates to deect any bullets that struck
it. This was own with success by Roland Garros, who
would later be considered to be the rst French Ace. A
similar system was tted to the Type N pending the arrival
of other machine guns, which made the system workable.
While ying his modied Type L, Garros crashed on the
German side of the lines and the wreckage was examined
by Fokker just prior to Fokker producing a similar system.

Morane-Saulnier L

After the war, Morane-Saulnier produced a number of

designs for training and general aviation, but with the
threat of war in the late thirties it once again turned to
military aircraft. During the late 1920s and early 1930s,
it produced a number of parasol wing ghters including
the M.S.230 and M.S.315, but all were of limited performance and were relegated to training duties. MoraineSaulnier had much more success with its dramatically
modernized M.S.406, which was the French Air Force's
most numerous ghter at the start of the war. Unfortunately, the 406 was advanced only for its introduction
in 1935 and suered terribly against the more modern
Messerschmitt Bf 109s it faced in 1940.

Morane-Saulnier AC

During World War II, Morane-Saulnier was operated under German control and built a number of German types
including the Fieseler Storch, known after the war as the
Morane-Saulnier MS.500 Criquet. Morane-Saulnier also
produced a number of trainer and civilian aircraft models, the best known of which was the successful Rallye
series of four-seat STOL semi-aerobatic tourers (see picture above).

Morane-Saulnier MoS-50

Morane-Saulnier was purchased by Potez on January 7,

1962 and became SEEMS, the Societe d'Exploitation
des Etablissements Morane-Saulnier. In 1966 its civilian models were spun o to form SOCATA, the Societe
de Construction d'Avions de Tourisme et d'Aaires, which
was eventually purchased by Arospatiale.

Morane-Saulnier MS-130 Michelin Cup

Morane-Saulnier LA
Morane-Saulnier N
Morane-Saulnier I
Morane-Saulnier V
Morane-Saulnier P
Morane-Saulnier T

Morane-Saulnier AF
Morane-Saulnier AI
Morane-Saulnier AN
Morane-Saulnier AR
Morane-Saulnier BB
Morane-Saulnier MoS-30
Morane-Saulnier MoS-43

Morane-Saulnier MoS-53
Morane-Saulnier MoS-121
Morane-Saulnier MS-129
Morane-Saulnier MoS-130

Morane-Saulnier MoS-132
Morane-Saulnier MoS-138
Morane-Saulnier MoS-139
Morane-Saulnier MS.140

1.2

Development of gun synchronisation

The company and Saulnier himself had a signicant role

in the development of the concept of synchronising machine gun re through an aircrafts propeller.[3]
Main article: Synchronization gear

Morane-Saulnier MoS-147
Morane-Saulnier MoS-148
Morane-Saulnier MoS-149
Morane-Saulnier MoS-152
Morane-Saulnier MS-180

3
Morane-Saulnier MS-181

Morane-Saulnier MS-571

Morane-Saulnier MS-185

Morane Saulnier MS.603

Morane-Saulnier MS-200

Morane-Saulnier MS-703 Ptrel

Morane-Saulnier MS-221

Morane-Saulnier MS.730 Alcyon

Morane-Saulnier MS-222

Morane-Saulnier MS-755 Fleuret

Morane-Saulnier MS-223

Morane-Saulnier MS-760 Paris

Morane-Saulnier MS-224

Morane-Saulnier MS-880 Rallye

Morane-Saulnier MS-225

Morane-Saulnier MS-880b Rallye

Morane-Saulnier MS-226

Morane-Saulnier MS-885 Super Rallye

Morane-Saulnier MS-227

Morane-Saulnier MS-893E

Morane-Saulnier MS-230

Morane-Saulnier MS-1500

Morane-Saulnier MS-231
Morane-Saulnier MS-232
Morane-Saulnier MS-233
Morane-Saulnier MS-234
Morane-Saulnier MS-235

3 Gallery
Morane-Saulnier Type A
Morane-Saulnier 406

Morane-Saulnier MS-236

Morane-Saulnier MS.505 Criquet, a French built

Fieseler Fi 156 Storch

Morane-Saulnier MS-275

Morane-Saulnier Socata Rallye Minerva MS.894A

Morane-Saulnier MS-315
Morane-Saulnier MS-325
Morane-Saulnier MS-340
Morane-Saulnier MS-341
Morane-Saulnier MS-342
Morane-Saulnier MS-343

4 References
[1] ndagrave Leon Morane, Cimitiere du Pere Lachaise
[2] ndagrave Robert Morane, Cimitire du Pre Lachaise
[3] van Wyngarden, G (2006). Early German Aces of World
War I, Osprey Publishing Ltd. p.7 ISBN 1-84176-997-5

Morane-Saulnier MS-345
Morane-Saulnier MS.350
Morane-Saulnier MS-406
Morane-Saulnier MS-430
Morane-Saulnier MS-435
Morane-Saulnier MS-450
Morane-Saulnier MS.470 Vanneau
Morane-Saulnier MS-500 Criquet
Morane-Saulnier MS-502
Morane-Saulnier MS-505
Morane-Saulnier MS.560
Morane-Saulnier MS-570

5 External links

6 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

6.1

Text

Morane-Saulnier Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morane-Saulnier?oldid=714445859 Contributors: Maury Markowitz, Delirium,

Arpingstone, Rlandmann, Tpbradbury, Greyengine5, Database~enwiki, FranksValli, Ricky81682, GraemeLeggett, Christopher Crossley,
BD2412, FlaBot, Osioni, PhilipC, PpPachy, Sardanaphalus, SmackBot, Chris the speller, Colonies Chris, MilborneOne, Twas Now, Cydebot, FJM, BilCat, Koplimek, TXiKiBoT, Soundofmusicals, Scoop100, Dolphin51, TSRL, Acmejia, NiD.29, RuthAS, Nimbus227, Jax
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NorthnBound, Full-date unlinking bot, TheLongTone, XJ90, ZroBot, Jenks24, Gavbadger, Helpful Pixie Bot and Anonymous: 14

6.2

Images

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This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information.

Original artist: Bain News Service, publisher

File:Morane-Saulnier_MS.317.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Morane-Saulnier_MS.317.JPG
License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own digital photography Original artist: Geekeld
File:Morane.saulnier.rallye.minerva.arp.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Morane.saulnier.rallye.
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6.3

Content license

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