GLASNIK MATEMATICKI

Vol. 43(63)(2008), 179 194

VORONOVSKAJA-TYPE THEOREM FOR CERTAIN GBS

OPERATORS
Ovidiu T. Pop
National College Mihai Eminescu of Satu Mare, Romania

Abstract. In this paper we will demonstrate a Voronovskaja-type

theorem and approximation theorem for GBS operator associated to a
linear positive operator.

1. Introduction
In this section, we recall some notions and results which we will use in
this article.
Let N be the set of positive integers and N0 = N {0}. For m N, let
Bm : C([0, 1]) C([0, 1]) the Bernstein operators, defined for any function
f C([0, 1]) by
 
m
X
k
(1.1)
(Bm f )(x) =
pm,k (x)f
,
m
k=0

where pm,k (x) are the fundamental polynomials of Bernstein, defined as follows
 
m k
(1.2)
pm,k (x) =
x (1 x)mk ,
k
for any x [0, 1] and any k {0, 1, . . . , m} (see [7,28]).
In 1932, E. Voronovskaja in the paper [31], proved the result contained
in the following theorem.
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 41A10, 41A25, 41A35, 41A36.
Key words and phrases. Linear positive operators, GBS operators, the first order modulus of smoothness, Voronovskaja-type theorem, approximation theorem.
179

180

O. T. POP

Theorem 1.1. Let f C([0, 1]) be a two times derivable function in the
point x [0, 1]. Then the equality
(1.3)

lim m [(Bm f )(x) f (x)] =

x(1 x)
f (x)
2

holds.
Let p N0 . For m N, F. Schurer (see [26]) introduced and studied in
em,p : C([0, 1 + p]) C([0, 1]), named Bernstein-Schurer
1962 the operators B
operators, defined for any function f C([0, 1 + p]) by
 
m+p


X
k
e
(1.4)
pem,k (x)f
Bm,p f (x) =
,
m
k=0

where pem,k (x) denotes the fundamental Bernstein-Schurer polynomials, defined as follows


m+p k
(1.5)
pem,k (x) =
x (1 x)m+pk = pm+p,k (x)
k

for any x [0, 1] and any k {0, 1, . . . , m + p}.

For m N, let the operators Mn : L1 ([0, 1]) C([0, 1]) defined for any
function f L1 ([0, 1]) by
(1.6)

(Mm f )(x) = (m + 1)

m
X

pm,k (x)

k=0

Z1

pm,k (t)f (t)dt,

for any x [0, 1].

These operators were introduced in 1967 by J. L. Durrmeyer in [11] and were
studied in 1981 by M. M. Derriennic in [9].
For m N, let the operators Km : L1 ([0, 1]) C([0, 1]) defined for any
function f L1 ([0, 1]) by
(1.7)

(Km f )(x) = (m + 1)

m
X

k=0

k+1
m+1

pm,k (x)

f (t)dt,

k
m+1

for any x [0, 1].

The operators Km , m N, are named Kantorovich operators, introduced
and studied in 1930 by L. V. Kantorovich (see [14]).
For the following construction see [18].
Define the natural number m0 by
(
max{1, []}, if R\Z
(1.8)
m0 =
max{1, 1 }, if Z.

VORONOVSKAJA-TYPE THEOREM FOR CERTAIN GBS OPERATORS

181

For the real number , we have that

m +

(1.9)

for any natural number m, m m0 , where

(


max 1 + , {} , if
(1.10)
= m0 + =
max{1 + , 1},
if
For the real numbers , , 0, we note

if

1,
(1.11)
(,) =

, if
1+

R\Z

Z.

> .

For the real numbers and , 0, we have that 1 (,) and

(1.12)

k+
(,)
m+

for any natural number m, m m0 and for any k {0, 1, . . . , m}.

For the real numbers and , 0, m0 and (,) defined by (1.8)



(,)
(1.11), let the operators Pm
: C [0, (,) ] C [0, 1] , defined for any


function f C [0, (,) ] by


m
X


k+
(,)
,
pm,k (x)f
(1.13)
Pm
f (x) =
m+
k=0

for any natural number m, m m0 and for any x [0, 1].

These operators are named Stancu operators, introduced and studied in
1969 by D. D. Stancu in the paper [27]. In [27], the domain of definition of the
Stancu operators is C([0, 1]) and the numbers and verify the condition
0 .
In 1980, G. Bleimann, P. L. Butzer and L. Hahn introduced in [6] a sequence of linear positive operators (Lm )m1 , Lm : CB ([0, )) CB ([0, )),
defined for any function f CB ([0, )) by


m  
X
1
m k
k
(1.14)
(Lm f )(x) =
,
x
f
(1 + x)m
m+1k
k
k=0

for any x [0, ) and any m N, where CB ([0, )) = {f | f : [0, ) R, f

bounded and continuous on [0, )}.
For m N consider the operators Sm : C2 ([0, )) C ([0, )) defined
for any function f C2 ([0, )) by
 

X
(mx)k
k
mx
(1.15)
(Sm f ) (x) = e
,
f
k!
m
k=0

182

O. T. POP

n
f (x)
for any x [0, ), where C2 ([0, )) = f C ([0, )) : lim
exists
x 1 + x2
o
and is finite .

The operators (Sm )m1 are named Mirakjan-Favard-Szasz operators and

were introduced in 1941 by G. M. Mirakjan in [16].
They were intensively studied by J. Favard in 1944 in [12] and O. Szasz
in 1950 in [29].
Let for m N the operators Vm : C2 ([0, )) C ([0, )) be defined for
any function f C2 ([0, )) by
k  


X
k
m+k1
x
m
,
f
(1.16)
(Vm f) (x) = (1 + x)
1+x
m
k
k=0

for any x [0, ).

The operators (Vm )m1 are named Baskakov operators and they were
introduced in 1957 by V. A. Baskakov in [4].
W. Meyer-K
onig and K. Zeller have introduced in [15] a sequence of linear
and positive operators. After a slight adjustment given by E. W. Cheney and
A. Sharma in [8], these operators take the form Zm : B ([0, 1)) C ([0, 1)),
defined for any function f B ([0, 1)) by




X
m+k
k
m+1 k
(1.17)
(Zm f ) (x) =
(1 x)
x f
,
k
m+k
k=0

for any m N and for any x [0, 1).

These operators are named the Meyer-Konig and Zeller operators.
Observe that Zm : C ([0, 1]) C ([0, 1]), m N.
In the paper [13], M. Ismail and C. P. May consider the operators
(Rm )m1 .
For m N, Rm : C([0, )) C([0, )) is defined for any function
f C([0, )) by
 

k

k1
mx X m(m + k)
kx
k
x
1+x
1+x
f
(1.18)
(Rm f )(x) = e
e
k!
1+x
m
k=0

for any x [0, ).

We consider I R, I an interval and we shall use the following functions
sets: E(I),
 F (I) which are subsets of the set of real functions defined on I,
B(I) = f | f : I R, f bounded on I , C(I) = f | f : I R, f continuous
on I and CB (I) = B(I) C(I).
If f B(I), then the first order modulus of smoothness of f is the function
(f ; ) : [0, ) R defined for any 0 by
(1.19)

(f ; ) = sup {|f (x ) f (x )| : x , x I, |x x | } .

VORONOVSKAJA-TYPE THEOREM FOR CERTAIN GBS OPERATORS

183

Let I, J R intervals, E(I J), F (I J) which are subsets of the set

of real functions defined on I J and L : E(I J) F (I J) be a linear
positive operator.
The operator U L : E(I J) F (I J) defined for any function
f E(I J), any (x, y) I J by

(1.20)

(U Lf )(x, y) = (L(f (x, ) + f ( , y) f ( , )) (x, y)

is called GBS operator (Generalized Boolean Sum operator) associated to

the operator L, where and stand for the first and second variable (see
[3]).
If f E(I J) and (x, y) I J, let the functions fx = f (x, ), f y =
f ( , y) : I J R, fx (s, t) = f (x, t), f y (s, t) = f (s, y) for any (s, t) I J.
Then, we can consider that fx , f y are functions of real variable, fx : J R,
fx (t) = f (x, t) for any t J and f y : I R, f y (s) = f (s, y) for any s I.
2. Preliminaries
For the following construction and result see [19] and [21], where pm = m
for any m N or pm = for any m N.
Let I, J be intervals with IJ 6= . For any m N and k {0, 1, ..., pm}N0
consider the functions m,k : J R with the property that m,k (x) 0 for
any x J and the linear positive functionals Am,k : E(I) R.
Definition 2.1. For m N define the operator Lm : E(I) F (J) by

(2.1)

(Lm f )(x) =

pm
X

m,k (x)Am,k (f ),

k=0

for any f E(I) and x J.

Proposition 2.2. The Lm , m N operators are linear and positive on

E(I J).

Definition 2.3. For m N, let Lm : E(I) F (J) be an operator

defined in (2.1). For i N0 , define Tm,i

by
(2.2)

pm
X

m,k (x)Am,k (xi ),

Tm,i
Lm (x) = mi Lm xi (x) = mi
k=0

for any x I J, where for x I, x : I R, x (t) = t x for any t I.

In what follows s N0 is even and we suppose that the operators (Lm )m1
verify the conditions: there exists, the smallest s , s+2 [0, ) so that

Tm,j
Lm (x)
(2.3)
lim
= Bj (x) R,
m
mj
x I J, j {s, s + 2} and
(2.4)

s+2 < s + 2.

184

O. T. POP

Theorem 2.4. Let f : I R be a function.

If x I J and f is a s times differentiable function in x with f (s)
continuous in x, then
#
"
s
X


f (i) (x)
ss
Tm,i Lm (x) = 0.
(Lm f )(x)
(2.5)
lim m
m
mi i!
i=0

Assume that f is s times differentiable function on I, with f (s) continuous

on I and there exists an interval K I J such that there exist m(s) N
and kj R depending on K, so that for any m m(s) and any x K we
have

Tm,j
Lm (x)
(2.6)
kj ,
mj
where j {s, s + 2}. Then the convergence given in (2.5) is uniform on K
and


s


(i)
X


f
(x)



(2.7)
(x)
T
L
mss (Lm f )(x)

m
m,i
i i!


m
i=0


1
1
,
(ks + ks+2 ) f (s) ;
2+
s s+2
s!
m
for any x K and m m(s).
In the following we consider that

Tm,0
Lm (x) = 1

(2.8)

for any x I J and any m N.

Corollary 2.5. Let f : I R be a function. Assume that f is s times

differentiable in x I J and f (s) is continuous in x. Then

(2.9)

lim (Lm f )(x) = f (x)

if s = 0 and
(2.10) lim m
m

ss

"

(Lm f )(x)

s1 (i)
X
f (x)
i=0

mi i!

Tm,i
Lm

(x) =

f (s) (x)
Bs (x)
s!

if s 2.
If f is s times differentiable function on I J, with f (s) continuous on
I J and (2.6) takes place for an interval K I J then the convergence
from (2.9) and (2.10) is uniform on K.
From (2.3) and (2.8) it results that
(2.11)

0 = 0

and then
(2.12)

k0 = 1.

VORONOVSKAJA-TYPE THEOREM FOR CERTAIN GBS OPERATORS

185

Corollary 2.6. Let f : I R be a function.

If x I J and f is continuous in x, then
(2.13)

lim (Lm f )(x) = f (x).

Assume that f is continuous on I and there exists an interval K I J

such that there exists m(0) N and k2 R depending on K, so that for any
m m(0) and any x K we have

Tm,2
Lm (x)
(2.14)
k2 .
m2
Then the convergence given in (2.13) is uniform on K and


1
(2.15)
|(Lm f )(x) f (x)| (1 + k2 ) f ;
m22
for any x K and m N, m m(0).
Proof. It results from Theorem 2.4.
For m N, let the linear positive functionals Am,k : E(I I) R with the
property: if (x, y) I I, then
(2.16)

Am,k (f ) = Am,k (F ),

(2.17)

Am,k (fx ) = Am,k (fx )

and
(2.18)

Am,k (f y ) = Am,k (f y ),

for any k {0, 1, . . . , pm } N0 , any f E(I I), where we note F : I R,

F (t) = f (t, t) for any t I.
Now, with the help of (Lm )m1 operators, we construct a sequence of
bivariate operators. In the following let [0, 1].
Definition 2.7. The operators Lm : E(I I) F (J J), m N,
defined for any function f E(I I) and any (x, y) J J by
(2.19)

pm
X


(m,k (x) + (1 )m,k (y)) Am,k (f )
Lm f (x, y) =
k=0

are named the bivariate operators of L-type.

Theorem 2.8. The Lm , m N operators are linear and positive on

E((I I) (J J)).
Proof. The proof follows immediately.

186

O. T. POP

3. Main results
Theorem 3.1. Let f : I I R be a function.
If f is continuous in (x, x), (y, y) (I I) (J J), then


(3.1)
lim Lm f (x, y) = f (x, x) + (1 )f (y, y).
m

Assume that f is continuous on I I and there exists an interval K I J

such that there exists m(0) N and k2 R depending on K, so that for any
m m(0) and any x K we have

Tm,2
Lm (x)
(3.2)
k2 .
m2
Then the convergence given in (3.1) is uniform on K K and





1


(3.3)
Lm f (x, y)(f (x, x)+(1)f (y, y)) (1+k2 ) F ;
m22
for any (x, y) K K and m N, m m(0).
Proof. If m N, then

pm
pm
X
X


Lm f (x, y) =
m,k (x)Am,k (f ) + (1 )
m,k (y)Am,k (f )
k=0

k=0

and taking (2.16) into account, we obtain

(3.4)
Lm f (x, y) = (Lm F )(x) + (1 )(Lm F )(y).

We have




 Lm f (x) [f (x, x) + (1 )f (y, y)]

= |[(Lm F )(x) F (x)] + (1 )[(Lm F )(y) F (y)]|

|(Lm F )(x) F (x)| + (1 ) |(Lm F )(y) F (y)|

and apply the Corollary 2.6.

Remark 3.2. In general, the sequence Lm f m1 , where f : I I R
is doesnt converge to the function f .




Lemma 3.3. Let the GBS operators U Lm m1 associated to the Lm m1
operators. If m N, U Lm : E(I I) F (J J) have the form
(3.5)

(U Lm f )(x, y) = [(Lm fx )(x) + (Lm f y )(x)]

+ (1 ) [(Lm fx )(y) + (Lm f y )(y)] (Lm f )(x, y)

= [(Lm fx )(x) + (Lm f y )(x) (Lm F )(x)]

+ (1 ) [(Lm fx )(y) + (Lm f y )(y) (Lm F )(y)]

where (x, y) J J and f E(I I).

VORONOVSKAJA-TYPE THEOREM FOR CERTAIN GBS OPERATORS

187

Proof. It results from definition of GBS operator, (2.1), (2.16) - (2.18)

and (3.4).
Theorem 3.4. Let f : I I R be a function.
If (x, y) (I I) (J J), the functions fx , f y and F are s times
s fx s f y
,
and F (s) are continuous
differentiable in x and y, the functions
s
ts
in x and y, then
(


ss
lim m
(3.6)
U Lm f (x, y)
m

" 

s
X


1
if
if
(i)

(x, x) + i (x, y) F (x) Tm,i

Lm (x)
i i!
i
m

t
i=0
#)

 i


if
f
(i)

(x, y) + i (y, y) F (y) Tm,i Lm (y)

= 0.
+ (1 )
i
t

Assume that the functions fx , f y and F are s times differentiable on I for

s f y s fx
any x, y I, with
,
and F (s) continuous on I for any x, y I and
s
ts
there exists an interval K I J such that there exist m(s) N and kj R
depending on K, so that for any m m(s) and any x K we have

Tm,j
Lm (x)
kj
(3.7)
mj
where j {s, s+s}. Then the convergence given in (3.6) is uniform on K K
and




ss 
(3.8) m
 U Lm f (x, y)

" 

s
X


if
if
1

(i)

Lm (x)
(x, x) + i (x, y) F (x) Tm,i

i
i
m i!

t
i=0
#
 i




if
f

(i)

+ (1 )
(x, y) + i (y, y) F (y) Tm,i Lm (y) 
i


t
" 



sf y
1
1
s fx
1

+
+
(ks +ks+2 )
;
;
s
s
2
2
s!

t
m
m22


+ F (s) ;
m22
for any x, y K and any m m(s).

#

188

O. T. POP

Proof. We use the (2.5) relation from Theorem 3.1 for the functions fx ,
f y and F and we obtain (3.8) relation. If we note by S the left member of
(3.8) relation and taking (2.7) relation into account, we can write
 ("
#
s

i
X

f
1


(x, x) Tm,i
Lm (x)
S =mss  (Lm fx )(x)
i i! i

m
i=0
"

s
X


1 if

+ (Lm f y )(x)
(x)
(x,
y)
T
L
m,i m
mi i! ti
i=0
" s
)
X 1

+
F (i) (x) Tm,i
Lm (x) (Lm F )(x)
i i!
m
i=0
#
("
s
X


1 if

+ (1 ) (Lm fx )(y)
(x, y) Tm,i Lm (y)
mi i! i
i=0
"
#
s
X


1 if
y

+ (Lm f )(y)
(y, y) Tm,i Lm (y)
mi i! ti
i=0
#)
" s

X 1



(i)

(y)

(L
F
)(y)
F
(y)
T
L
+

m
m,i m
i i!

m
i=0


"
s


X


1 if


ss 
m
(x)
(x,
x)
T
L

(Lm fx )(x)
m
m,i
i i! i


m
i=0


s


X 1 if



y
ss 

+m
(x, y) Tm,i Lm (x)
(Lm f )(x)
i
i


m
i!
t
i=0

#
s


X


1


(i)

F
(x)
T
L
(x)
+ mss (Lm F )(x)

m
m,i
i i!


m
i=0


"
s


X 1 if





(y)
(x,
y)
T
L
+ (1 ) mss (Lm fx )(y)

m
m,i
i i! i


m
i=0


s

X


1 if


+ (Lm f y )(y)
(y)
(y,
y)
T
L
m
m,i


mi i! ti
i=0


s

X 1



(i)

+ (Lm F )(y)
(y)
F
(y)
T
L
m
m,i


mi i!
i=0
(
" 

1
1
s fx

+
;
(ks + ks+2 )
s!
s
m22

VORONOVSKAJA-TYPE THEOREM FOR CERTAIN GBS OPERATORS

189



 #)
1
sf y
1
(s)
;
+
+ F ;
ts
m22
m22
" 
(

1
s fx
1

;
(ks + ks+2 )
+ (1 )
s!
s
m22
 s y


 #)
1
f
1
(s)
;
+
+ F ;
,
ts
m22
m22


from where we obtain (3.8) relation. From (3.8) the uniform convergence for
(3.6) results.
Theorem 3.5. Let f : I I R be a function.
If (x, y) (I I) (J J), the functions fx , f y and F are s times
s fx s f y
,
and F (s) are continuous
differentiable in x and y, the functions
s
ts
in x and y, then


(3.9)
lim U Lm f (x, y) = f (x, y)
m

if s = 0, and

" 
s1
X
1
if

(3.10) lim m
(x, x)
(x, y)
m
mi i!
i
i=0



if
(i)

+ i (x, y) F (x) Tm,i

Lm (x)
t
#)

 i


if
f

(i)
(x, y) + i (y, y) F (y) Tm,i Lm (y)
+ (1 )
i
t
" 

1
sf
sf
(s)
=

(x, x) + s (x, y) F (x) Bs (x)

s!
s
t
#

 s
sf
f
(s)
(x, y) + s (y, y) F (y) Bs (y) .
+ (1 )
s
t
ss

U Lm f

Assume that the functions fx , f y and F are s times differentiable on I for

s fx s f y
any x, y I, with
,
, F (s) continuous on I for any x, y I and
s
ts
there exists an interval K I J such that there exist m(s) N and kj R
depending on K so that for any m m(s) and any x K we have

Tm,j
Lm (x)
(3.11)
kj
mj
where j {s, s+2}. Then the convergence given in (3.9) and (3.10) is uniform
on K K.

190

O. T. POP

Proof. It results from Theorem 3.4 and Corollary 2.5.

Corollary 3.6. Let f : I I be a function.
If (x, y) (I I) (J J), the functions fx , f y and F are continuous
in x and y, then


(3.12)
lim U Lm f (x, y) = f (x, y).
m

Assume that the functions fx , f y and F are continuous on I for any x, y I

and there exists an interval K I J such that there exist m(0) N and
k2 R depending on K, so that for any m N, m m(0) and any x K
we have

Tm,2
Lm (x)
k2 .
(3.13)
m2
Then the convergence given in (3.12) is uniform on K K and
" 





1

U Lm f (x, y) f (x, y) (1 + k2 ) fx ;
(3.14)
m22


#

1
1
y
+ F;
+ f ;
m22
m22
for any x, y K and any m m(s).
Proof. It results from Theorem 3.4 for s = 0.

Corollary 3.7. Let f : I I R be a function.

If (x, y) (I I) (J J), the functions fx , f y and F are two times
2 fx 2 f y
differentiable in x and y, the functions
,
and F are continuous
2
t2
in x and y, then
(


22
lim m
(3.15)
U Lm f (x, y) f (x, y)
m

" 



f
f
1

(x, x) +
(x, y) F (x) Tm,1
Lm (x)

t
#)




f
f

(x, y) +
(y, y) F (y) Tm,1 Lm (y)
+ (1 )

t
" 

1
2f
2f

=
(x,
x)
+
(x,
y)

F
(s)
Bs (x)
2
2
t2
#
 2

f
2f

+ (1 )
(x, y) + 2 (y, y) F (y) Bs (y) .
2
t

VORONOVSKAJA-TYPE THEOREM FOR CERTAIN GBS OPERATORS

191

Assume that the functions fx , f y and F are two times differentiable on I for
2 fx 2 f y
,
and F continuous on I for any x, y I and
any x, y I, with
2
t2
there exists an interval K I J such that there exist m(2) N and kj R
depending on K so that for any m m(2) and any x K we have

Tm,j
Lm
(3.16)
kj
mj
where j {2, 4}. Then the convergence given in (3.15) is uniform on K K.
Proof. It results from Theorem 3.5 for s = 2.
In the following, by particularization and applying Theorem 3.5, Corollary 3.6 and Corollary 3.7, we can obtain Voronovskajas type theorem and
approximation theorem for some known operators. Because every application is a simple substitute in the theorems of this section, we wont replace
anything.
In Applications 3.1-3.4, let pm = m, m,k = pm,k , where m N, k
{0, 1, . . . , m} and K = [0, 1].
Application 3.1. If I = J = [0, 1], E(I) = F (J) = C([0, 1]), Am,k (f ) =
 
k
f
where m N, k {0, 1, . . . , m} and f C([0, 1]) then we obtain the
m


19
5

, Tm,1
Bm (x) = 0, x [0, 1],
Bernstein operators. We have k2 = , k4 =
4
16
m N and m(0) = m(2) = 1 (see [19]).


1
1
2
If =
we obtain the GBS operators U Bm
associated to the
2
m1
 1
2
Bm
operators, studied in the paper [2]. These operators do not satisfy
m0

the assumptions of Theorem A from paper [3]. There exists no satisfactory

choice

of 1 and 2 in Corollary 5 to express the degree of approximation of
1
2
U Bm
operators (see [3]).
m1

Application 3.2. If I = J = [0, 1], E(I) = L1 ([0, 1]), F (J) = C([0, 1]),
Z 1
Am,k (f ) = (m + 1)
pm,k (t)f (t)dt, where m N, k {0, 1, . . . , m} and
0

f L1 ([0, 1]), then we obtain the Durrmeyer operators. In this case k2 =

3
,
2

7
m(1 2x)

, Tm,1
Mm (x) =
, x [0, 1], m N and m(0) = m(2) = 3
4
m+2
(see [19]).
k4 =

192

O. T. POP

Application 3.3. If I = J = [0, 1], E(I) = L1 ([0, 1]), F (J) = C([0, 1]),
k+1
Z m+1
Am,k (f ) = (m + 1)
f (t)dt, where m N, k {0, 1, . . . , m} and
k
m+1

f L1 ([0, 1]), then we obtain the Kantorovich operators. We have k2 = 1,

m
3

Km (x) =
(1 2x), x [0, 1], m N and
k4 = , Tm,1
2
2(m + 1)
m(0) = m(2) = 3 (see [19]).
Application 3.4. Let , R, 0. If I = [0, (,) ], J = [0, 1],


k+
E(I) = C([0, (,) ]), F (J) = C([0, 1]), Am,k = f
, where m N,
m+
k {0, 1, . . . , m} and f C([0, (,) ]), then we obtain the Stancu operators.
Application 3.5. Let p N0 . If I = [0, 1 + p], J = [0, 1], E(I) = C([0, 1+
 
k
,
p]), F (J) = C([0, 1]), K = [0, 1], m,k = pem,k = pm+p,k , Am,k (f ) = f
m
pm = m + p, where m N, k {0, 1, . . . , m} and f C([0, 1 + p]), then we
obtain the Schurer operators.
In Applications 3.63.8 and Application 3.10 let K = [0, b], b > 0.
Application 3.6. If I = J = [0, ), E(I) = F (J) = C([0, )),
 


1
k
m k
m,k (x) =
x
,
for any x [0, ), Am,k (f ) = f
k
(1 + x)m
m+1k
pm = m, where m N, k {0, 1, . . . , m} and f C([0, )), then we obtain
the Bleimann-Butzer-Hahn operators. In this case k2 = 4b(1 + b)2 (see [22]
or [25]).
In Applications 3.73.10 let pm = for any m N.
Application 3.7. If I = J = [0, ), E(I) = C2 ([0, )), F (J) =
 
(mx)k
k
C([0, )), m,k (x) = emx
,
for any x [0, ), Am,k (f ) = f
k!
m
where m N, k N0 and f C2 ([0, )), then we obtain the
Mirakjan
Favard-Szasz operators. We have k2 = b, k4 = 3b2 + b, Tm,1
Sm (x) = 0,
x [0, ), m N and m(0) = m(2) = 1 (see [21]).
Application 3.8. If I = J = [0, ), E(I) = C2 ([0, )), F (J) =
k


x
m m + k 1
C([0, )), m,k (x) = (1 + x)
for any x [0, ),
1+x
k
 
k
where m N, k N0 and f C2 ([0, )), then we obtain
Am,k (f ) = f
m
the Baskakov
operators. In this case k2 = b(1 + b), k4 = 9b4 + 18b3 + 10b2 + b,

Tm,1 Vm (x) = 0, x [0, ), m N and m(0) = m(2) = 1 (see [21]).

VORONOVSKAJA-TYPE THEOREM FOR CERTAIN GBS OPERATORS

193

Application 3.9. If I = J = K = [0, 1], E(I) = E(J) = C([0, 1]),





k
m+k
m+1 k
,
m,k (x) =
(1 x)
x for any x [0, ), Am,k (f ) = f
m+k
k
where m N, k N0 and f C([0, 1]), then we obtain the Meyer-Konig and
Zeller operators. We have k2 = 2 (see [21]).
Application 3.10. If I = J = [0, ), E(I) = F (J) = C([0, )),
k
k1 
(m+k)x m(m + k)
x
m,k (x) = e 1+x
for any x [0, ), Am,k (f ) =
k!
1+x
 
k
f
where m N, k N0 and f C([0, )), then we obtain the
m
2
2
4
Ismail-May

operators. In this case k2 = b(1 + b) , k4 = b (1 + b) + 1,

Tm,1 Rm (x) = Am,1 (x) = 0, x [0, ), m N, m(0) = 1 and m(2) = m2

(see [24]).
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[1] O. Agratini, Aproximare prin operatori liniari, Presa Universitar
a Clujean
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operator, Rev. Anal. Num. Th
eor. Approx. 15 (1986), 95-103.
[3] C. Badea and C. Cottin, Korovkin-type Theorems for Generalized Boolean Sum Operators, Colloquia Mathematica Societatis J
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Kecskem
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of continuous functions, Dokl. Acad. Nauk, SSSR, 113 (1957), 249-251.
[5] M. Becker and R. J. Nessel, A global approximation theorem for Meyer-K
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Zeller operators, Math. Zeitschr. 160 (1978), 195-206.
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[9] M. M. Derriennic, Sur lapproximation des fonctions int
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[10] Z. Ditzian and V. Totik, Moduli of Smoothness, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1987.
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[12] J. Favard, Sur les multiplicateurs dinterpolation, J. Math. Pures Appl. 23 (9) (1944),
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S. Bernstein, I, II, C. R. Acad. URSS (1930), 563-568, 595-600.
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[16] G. M. Mirakjan, Approximation of continuous functions with the aid of polynomials,

Dokl. Acad. Nauk SSSR 31 (1941), 201-205 (in Russian).
[17] M. W. M
uller, Die Folge der Gammaoperatoren, Dissertation, Stuttgart, 1967.
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positive operators, Rev. Anal. Num. Th
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Delft. Report, 1962.
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O. T. Pop
National College Mihai Eminescu
5 Mihai Eminescu Street
Satu Mare 440014
Romania
E-mail : ovidiutiberiu@yahoo.com
Received: 20.11.2006.
Revised: 27.2.2007.