The Human Skeleton

Ginny’
Ginny’s P6 project - 16\
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 Things that make your bones healthy

1. Milk and other dairy products like cheese,

yoghurt, butter etc.

2. Bone strength also requires Vitamin D, which the

body makes when the skin is exposed to sunlight.

VITAMIN D also occurs naturally in fish, and as the derivative cod liver oil.
 Types of bones

The human skeleton consists of both individual and fused bones.

The biggest bone in the body is the femur in the upper leg, and the
smallest is the stapes bone in the middle ear.

In an adult, the skeleton comprises around 14% of the total body

weight,[1] and half of this weight is water.

Not all bones are interconnected directly. There are 3 bones in

each middle ear called the ossicles that work together. The hyoid
bone is located in the neck and the tongue attaches to it. It does not
work with any other bones in the body, but is supported by muscles
and ligaments.

Fused bones include those of the pelvis and the cranium.

A typical adult
human
skeleton
consists of 206
bones.

Some people
can even have
more or fewer
bones.

More common
variations
include
cervical ribs or
an additional
lumbar
vertebra.
Differences between skeletons

A 4 legged animal skelton vs a 2 legged skelton

 There are 206 bones in the adult
body

• cranial bones (8) • hyoid bone

– frontal bone
– parietal bone(2)
– temporal bone(2)
– occipital bone
– sphenoid bone
– ethmoid bone
• Facial bones: (14)
– mandible
– maxilla (2)
– palatine bone (2)
– zygomatic bone (2)
– nasal bone (2)
– lacrimal bone (2)
– vomer
– inferior nasal conchae (2)
• In the middle ears (6):
• malleus (2)
• incus (2)
• stapes (2)
• In the throat (1):
• In the shoulder girdle (4):
• scapula or shoulder blade (2)
• clavicle or collarbone (2)
• In the thorax (25):
• sternum (1)
• can be considered as three
bones; manubrium, body of
sternum (gladiolus) and xiphoid
process
• ribs (2 x 12)
• In the vertebral column (24):
• cervical vertebrae (7)
• thoracic vertebrae (12)
• lumbar vertebrae (5)
• In the arms (2):
• Humerus (2)
• In the forearms (4):
• radius (2)
• ulna (2)
The rest
• In the hands (54): • femur (2)
• Carpal (wrist) bones: • In the legs (6):
– scaphoid bone (2) • patella (2)
– lunette bone (2) • tibia (2)
– triquetral bone (2) • fibula (2)
– pisiform bone (2) • In the feet (52):
– trapezium (2) • Tarsal (ankle) bones:
– trapezoid bone (2) – calcaneus (heel bone) (2)
– capitate bone (2) – talus (2)
– hamate bone (2) – navicular bone (2)
• Metacarpus (palm) bones: – medial cuneiform bone (2)
– metacarpal bones (5 × 2) – intermediate cuneiform bone (2)
• Digits of the hands (finger bones or phalanges): – lateral cuneiform bone (2)
– proximal phalanges (5 × 2) – cuboids bone (2)
– intermediate phalanges (4 × 2) • Metatarsus bones:
– distal phalanges (5 × 2) – metatarsal bone (5 × 2)
• In the pelvis (4): • Digits of the feet (toe bones or phalanges):
• coccyx – proximal phalanges (5 × 2)
• sacrum – intermediate phalanges (4 × 2)
• hip bone (in nominate bone or coxal bone) (2) – distal phalanges (5 × 2)
• In the thighs (2):
A Baby’
Baby’s bones

At birth a newborn baby has over
300 bones.

Whereas on average an adult

human has 206 bones (these
numbers can vary slightly from
individual to individual).

The difference comes from a

number of small bones that fuse
together during growth, such as
the sacrum and coccyx of
the vertebral column.

The sacrum (the bone at the base

of the spine) consists of five bones
which are separate at birth but
fuse together into a solid structure
in later years.
Joined or deformed skeletons

Sometimes when a baby is born,

it is joined like Siamese twins
or deformed in another way.
Where I got my info

http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&source=hp&q=the+human+skeleton&meta=&aq=8&
oq=the+human+

http://www.horseracinghistory.co.uk/hrho/jsp/education/skeleton.jsp

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skeleton

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bones_of_the_human_skeleton

http://anita64.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/mlf-skeleton-pd-05-kj0022.jpg

http://www.okosoft.com/picture/san-diego-screen-savers_3d-dancing-skeleton.jpg
 I hope
you found
my project interesting

By ME