18

BLigjitsQsQ gSsVL`i

$<|u

COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS

keTys+ 11 @| 2016
5. Don't ring the bell.Let a bell be n't rung.
6. Don't touch the Let the cake be n't
cake.
touched.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

VERB FORMS - TENSES

Active voice means the subject is important which comes first.
Passive voice means the object is important, which comes first.
Read the following sentences:
I eat a mango
A mango is eaten by me.
The above two sentences give the
same meaning.
1. In the first sentence the subject 'I'
does something, so the verb 'eat' is said
to be in the Active voice.
2. In the second sentence something
is done by the subject, so the verb 'is eaten' said to be in the Passive voice.
Rules :
1. The subject becomes object and
object becomes subject.
2. The Tense should not be changed.
In Passive a) If the subject is singular the verb is
singular.
b) If the subject is plural the verb is plural.
Eg : 1.
I bought two novels (A.V.)
Two novels were bought by me (P.V.)
3. The verb must be written in Third
form (V3) in the passive voice.
4. The preposition 'by' - is used before
the object.
5. Change of Subjects: (from A.V. to
P.V)
Subject
Object
I
Me
We us
You You
He
him
She her
It
It
They Them
Wh. Words : From AV to PV :
1. A.V. - Who makes a noise ?
P.V - By whom is a noise made ?
2. A.V. - Who Wrote Gitanjali ?
P.V. - By whom was Gitanjali written ?
3. A.V. - Where did he find the pen ?
P.V. - Where was the pen found by
him ?
4. A.V. - When did they accept all demands ?
P.V. - When were all demands accepted by them ?
5. A.V. - What does he want ?

'Direct Speech' means the actual words

of the speaker.
Eg : Gayatri said, "I am reading a po-

The following table contains all types of statements - Tense wise - Changing
from AV to PV STATEMENTS / AFFIRMATIVES
Tense

Simple

Continuous

Perfect

AV
PRESENT
PV

I Write a Poem

I am writing a poem

I have written
a poem

A poem is written
by me

A poem is being
written by me.

A poem has been

written by me.

-no-

I wrote a poem

I am writing a poem

I am writing a poem

-do-

A poem was
written by me
I shall write
a poem

A poem was being

written by me
-Do-

A poem had
been written by me
I shall have written
a poem

-no-

AV
PAST
PV

AV
FUTURE
PV

Perfect
Continuous
-do-

-do-

A poem will be
-NoA poem will have
-nowritten by me
been written by me.
Note : 'The Perfect Continuous Tenses' and 'Future Continuous Tense' do not change into
passive voice

P.V. - What is wanted by him ?

6. A.V. - Why do you help him ?
P.V. - Why is he helped by you ?
7. A.V. - Who can advise you ?
P.V. - By whom can you be advised ?
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES (Let Type)
The Imperative mood is used to express; A requisition, an order, a
suggestion.
Note : Subject doesn't appear in these
imperative sentences.
The following structures help you in
changing the sentences from "A.V. to P.V"
A.V.Verb + object
Positive method
P.V. Let + obj + be + V3
A.V. - Helping verb (Do) + not + main
verb + obj.
Negative Method
P.V Let + obj + be + not + V3
Active Voice
Passive Voice
1.Post the letter
Let the letter
be posted
2. Drive a car
Let a car be driven
3. Please help the You are requested to
orphans
help
the orphans
4. Keep silent in
You are advised to
the library
keep
silent in the library.

em"
To find the Direct Speech - the following
hints help us.
1. The words of the speaker are put in
'quotation marks'
2. The quotation marks are preceeded
by a 'comma'.
3. The words which are kept in quotations must be started with a
capital letter.
Note : The word - 'said' (which is kept
before the quotations) is called the 'Reporting verb'.
'Indirect speech' means reporting the
exact words of the (first) speaker without
quoting.
Eg : Gayatri said that she was reading
a poem.
To find the indirect speech - the following hints help us :
1. Quotation marks are to be removed.
2. The conjunction 'that' is to be placed
before the words.
3. The 'subject' and 'verb'-are to be changed.
VIVEKANANDA.B
Narayana Group of Educational Institutions
CENTRAL OFFICE,
Mobile: +91 9912343401.