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CONTENT
What is a food system?
Analysis of the food system
Local and global food systems
Globalization of the food system
Changes in the global food system
A Food System
Farming
and Fishing
Transport
Storage Areas
Processing
Distribution
Distribution
Retail grocer
or restaurant
System
3
A Food System
THE CHAIN of ACTIVITIES beginning with the primary
production of food and moving on to include the processing,
distributing, wholesaling, retailing, and consumption of food,
and eventually to the disposal of food waste.
Including the inputs needed and outputs generated at each
step.
A Food System
Not a new concept
eg: the analysis of industrial input-output matrices
A.
B.
Food processing
C.
Food marketing
D.
Food consumption
Agricultural production
Farming, forest, fishery, animal
husbandry, and sideline
Livestock
Food sources
1.
Plants
2.
Animals
3.
Seafood
2.
3.
2.
3.
Vegetables:
1.
2.
3.
4.
10
Influencing factors
Human factors
Physical factors
11
www.hku.hk/eroesite/html/ccc.pdf
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13
Conceptual Model
Human Ecological Model
14
13 Billion Hectare
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B. Food Processing
Purposes of food processing
1.
2.
Processing
Manufacturing
Transportation
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B. Food Processing
Development:
Early food processing techniques were limited.
During the industrialization era, food manufacturing
arose.
At the start of the 21st century, a two-tier structure
manufacturing has arisen.
17
B. Food Processing
Dispersed across the global
Consumer-driven adjustments
Both large and small food firms have unique
advantages that allow them to coexist in
common markets.
Affected by brand acquisition pattern
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19
20
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B. Food Processing
A complicated process
E.g. making one can of chicken-soup noodle
involving 56 companies
22
Example: U.S.
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C. Food Marketing
Food marketing brings together the
producer and the consumer.
1.
Wholesale
2.
Retailing
3.
Foodservice
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C. Food Marketing
History of food retailing
1.
2.
3.
4.
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26
27
Carrefour SA
The world's second-largest retailer
Operates more than 12,500 stores under some two
dozen names, including hypermarkets, supermarkets,
convenience stores, discount stores, and cash-andcarry stores in about 30 countries.
The #1 European retailer (based on sales)
The biggest overseas retailer in China
28
Park'N Shop
Founded in 1973, part of A.S. Watson, owned by Asia's richest
man, Li Ka-shing
More than 260 stores in Hong Kong, Macau and China including
about 50 superstores
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Private label
7.
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32
33
C. Food Marketing
Foodservice
Rapid growth in its importance
1.
Commercial channel
restaurant, fast food outlets, cafeterias,
2.
34
35
Foodservice
36
D. Food Consumption
Changing food consumption patterns
The effect of rising incomes
1.
Bennetts Law
Changes in sources of calorie and protein
37
D. Food Consumption
The effect of rising incomes
2.
Engels Law
The income elasticity of demand for food is less than 1
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D. Food Consumption
The effect of food price
The price of food reflects the overall demand/supply balance.
The price of raw food commodities has declined sharply since
World War II, but retail food prices have not done so.
Globally, consumption levels are improving.
39
40
D. Food Consumption
Consumers today are upgrading their diets to include
more high-value products than in the past.
High-value food products
Include semiprocessed, processed and other packaged products
1.
Commodity-based products:
identifiable with as specific commodity, such as meat,
fish, fruits or vegetables.
2.
Manufactured products:
undergo substantial transformation including
multiple commodities as ingredient.
41
D. Food Consumption
Other factors affecting food consumption
Eating habit
Local culture
Religion
Lifestyle changes
Family structure
.
42
B.
Food processing
C.
Food marketing
D.
Food consumption
43
44
Community-based, or localized,
personalized food system
Food production in a locality
Small-scale processing industry and shops
A myriad of local food systems form a
global food system
45
Relational
Bioregions: diverse areas
social and natural systems
2.
3.
More jobs
4.
5.
46
Environmental benefits
2.
Economic benefits
3.
Social benefits
47
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
48
49
Globalization
Globalization is the process of social, political, economic,
cultural, and technological integration among countries
around the world
Time/space compression
Resulting in a shrinking world
50
Globalization
Come to the food system
Benefit:
Less input
More output
Concern:
growing marginalization of entire countries or social groups
within countries
rising of TNCs to control the whole production and
distribution chain
51
52
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
Localization as a solution?
57
trade
retail
retail
trade
consumer
Past
Present
product push
short term
linkage oriented
market pull
long term
chain oriented
producer
products
distribution
FUTURE
An open and efficient global food system