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Neck Muscles
Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Action

Sternocleidomastoid

Sternum &
Clavicle

Mastoid

Lateral Flexion & Rotation of

the head

Scalenus

Cervical
Vertebrae

Upper 2 ribs

Elevates the rib cage in

breathing

Splenius

Cervical &
Thoracic
Vertebrae
(C7-T6

Mastoid

Extension of the head

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Upper Body Muscles
Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Action

Biceps

Scapula

Radius

Flexes the elbow & Supinates the

forearm

Brachialis

Humerus

Ulna

Flexion of elbow joint

Brachioradialis

Humerus

Radius

Flexion when arm is semi

pronated.

Triceps

Scapula &
Humerus

Olecranon of
Ulna

Extends the elbow

Deltoid

Clavical &
Scapula

Humerus

Abducts the arm

Latisimuss Dorsi

Lumbar,
Sacral &
Thoracic
Vertabrae 7-12

Humerus

Adducts, extends and outwardly

rotates the arm

Pectoralis Major

Clavical,
Sternum & ribs
1-6

Humerus

Horizontal Flexion, adduction &

medial rotation of the arm

Pectoralis Minor

Ribs 3-5

Scapula

Protraction of scapula & elevates

rib cage during breathing

Trapezius

7 Cervical
Vertebra & all
Thoracic
Vertabrae

th

Clavical &
Scapula

Elevates, Depresses & Retracts

the shoulder girdle

Rhomboids

7 Cervical
Vertebra &
Thoracic
Vertebrae 1-5

th

Scapula

Retracts the shoulder girdle

Serratus Interior

Ribs 1-8

Scapula

Protraction of the Scapula

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Rotator Cuff Muscles
Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Action

Supraspinatus

Scapula

Humerus

Abduction of the humerus

Subscapularis

Scapula

Humerus

Medial Rotation of the humerus

Infraspinatus

Scapula

Humerus

Laterally Rotates the humerus

Teres Minor

Scapula

Humerus

Laterally Rotates the humerus

Teres Major

Scapula

Humerus

Adducts & Medially Rotates the

humerus

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Trunk Muscles
Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Action

Rectus
Abdominus

Pubis

Ribs

Flexes the thoracic & Lumbar

spine

Transverse
Abdominus

Lumbar
Fascia, Lowe 6
Ribs & Iliac
Crest

Linea Alba

Support of abdominal contents

Erector Spinae

Sacrum, illium
to thorax

Ribs, vertebrae
& Occipital
bone

Extends the spine. Rotates the

thoracic spine

Quadratus
Lumborum

Iliac Crest &

Iliolumbar
fascia

4 Lumbar &
th
12 Rib

Extension of the spine bilaterally

& Lateral Flexion unilaterally

Multifidis

Transverse
process of
Vertebrae

Spines of
superior
adjacent
vertebrae

Rotation & Lateral Flexion

External Obliques

Lower Ribs

Ilium

Laterally Flexes & Rotates the

thoracic spine

Internal Obliques

Illium

Lower Ribs

Laterally Flexes & Rotates the

thoracic spine

th

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Leg Muscles
Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Action

Illiopsoas

All lumbar
Vertebrae

Femur

Flexes the hip

Sartorius

Anterior &
lateral Iliac
spine

Tibia

Flexion & Lateral Rotation of

thigh

Gluteus Maximus

Ilium & Sacrun

Femur

Extends & Outwardly rotates the

hip

Gluteus Medius &

Minimus

Iliium

Femur

Abducts & Medially Rotates the

thigh

Abductors

illium

Femur

Abducts & outwardly rotates the

hip

Adductors

Pubis &
Ischium

Femur

Adduct & inwardly rotate the hip

Pectineus

Pubis

Femur

Adduction

Hamstrings

Ischium

Tibia & Fibia

Flexes the knee & extends the hip

Quadriceps

Femur & Illium

Tibia

Extends the knee

Gastrocnemius

Femur

Calcaneus

Plantar Flexes the ankle also

assists in knee flexion

Soleus

Fibula & Tibia

Calcaneus

Plantar Flexes the ankle

Tibialis Anterior

Tibia

Ist Metatarsal

Dorsi Flexes the ankle