This document summarizes the essential nutrients required by the human body, including their sources and functions. The major nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats provide energy and building blocks, while vitamins and minerals help regulate body processes. Water acts as a solvent and aids chemical reactions. A lack of specific nutrients can lead to deficiencies and health issues.
This document summarizes the essential nutrients required by the human body, including their sources and functions. The major nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats provide energy and building blocks, while vitamins and minerals help regulate body processes. Water acts as a solvent and aids chemical reactions. A lack of specific nutrients can lead to deficiencies and health issues.
This document summarizes the essential nutrients required by the human body, including their sources and functions. The major nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats provide energy and building blocks, while vitamins and minerals help regulate body processes. Water acts as a solvent and aids chemical reactions. A lack of specific nutrients can lead to deficiencies and health issues.
containing C, H, O, Nitrogen, Sulfur compounds of carbon sources: cereals, green & Phosphorus calcium vegetables, eggs, carbohydrates fruits made up of amino acids of which fats there are 20 naturally occurring lack of calcium (rickets) types organic minerals proteins formation of haemoglobin broken down into vitamins sources: liver, meat, eggs, polypeptides iron dietary fibre bread, green vegetables essential for synthesis of lack of iron (anemia) proteins protoplasm, for growth & repair of worn out cells synthesis of enzymes and hormones functions formation of anti-bodies to water combat diseases inorganic mineral salts source of energy lack of protein (kwashiorkor)
chemical substances in food that provide
energy & materials needed by the body
made up of C, H & O but
contain much less O in proportion to H digested into glycerol and fatty acids
fats efficient source and storage
of energy insulating material, under indigestible i.e. cellulose the skin aids in bowel movements Nutrients functions restrict water loss from the surface of the skin prevents constipation dietary fibre constituent of protoplasm, sources: fresh fruits, especially in cell membranes vegetables, bran, cereals, wholemeal bread
made up of carbon, hydrogen
& oxygen (C, H & O) monosaccharides glucose, fructose, galactose solvent for salts and organic disaccharides maltose, lactose, sucrose compounds polysaccharides starch, cellulose, glycogen medium for chemical source of energy reactions to take place carbohydrates form supporting structures solvent for lubricant in joints (e.g. cellulose cell wall) solvent for food substances formation of intercellular converted into other organic during digestion substances compounds (e.g. amino acids, water constituent for digestive maintenance of healthy fats) juices/ blood functions epithelial tissues formation of nuclei acids, C transportation of materials in sources: fresh citrus fruits, DNA solution i.e. blood plasma green vegetables synthesize lubricants (e.g. regulation of body lack of vitamin C (scurvy) mucus) temperature vitamin produce nectar in some promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus flowers compounds D sources: cod liver oil, sunlight lack of vitamin D (rickets)