ASSIGNMENT-MBOO50

NAME
REG. NO
PROGRAME & SEMESTER
SUBJECT CODE & NAME

BHUPINDER YADAV
1402011208
MBA 3RD
MB0050 & Research Methodology

Que no 1 - Research is a sequential method of enquiry, directed towards a clear implicit or

explicit objective. Describe in detail the steps to be carried out in a typical research study.

Meaning of Research

Listing the steps

Explanation of the steps in a research study.

Ans- Meaning of Research- Different scholars have interpreted the term research in many
ways. For instant, Fred Kiplinger (1986) stated the Scientific research is a systematic,
controlled and critical investigation of propositions about various phenomena. Grinnell (1993)
has simplified the debate and stated The word research is composed of two syllables and
search.
Steps in a research study

Determine Research Questions- Focused questions are at the heart of actionable

qualitative research. In fact, they are at heart of good quantitative research as well and as
well and play a key role in Lean UX thinking.

Design the Study-Getting input from users instead of just internal discussion is an
essential first step. With research questions defined, the What of the study has been
established.

Collect Data- The qualitative researcher should assume the role of an unobtrusive
observe and have little impact on the setting being observed-whether is be watching
participants use existing products at home or in a more controlled lab enviroment.

Analyze Data- Most qualitative research studies generate a lot of Data. Creating a system
for coding actions and notable quotes helps speed through the process of turning
utterances into actionable insights.

Que no 2- What are descriptive research design? Explain the deferent kinds of descriptive
research designs.

Meaning of Descriptive research designs

Kinds of Descriptive research designs

Ans- Meaning of Descriptive research designs-As the name implies, the objective research
studies is to provide a comprehensive and detailed explanation of the phenomena under study.
The intended objective might be to give a detailed sketch or profile of the respondent population
being studied.
Kinds of Descriptive research designs

Cross-sectional Studies- As the name suggests, cross-sectional studies involve a slice of

population. Just as in scientific experiments one takes a cross-section of the leaf or the
cheek cells to study the cell structure under the microscope, similarly one takes a current
subdivision of the population the studies the nature of the relevant variables being
investigated.

Longitudinal Studies A single sample of the identified population that is studied over
a longer period of time is termed as a longitudinal study design. A panel of consumers
specifically chosen to study their grocery purchase pattern is an example of a
longitudinal design.

Que no 3 - The procedure of testing hypothesis requires a research to adopt several steps.
Describe in brief all such steps.

Meaning of hypothesis

Steps in testing hypothesis

Ans - Hypothesis- A supposition or explanation that is provisionally accepted in order to

interpret certain events or phenomena, and to provide guidance for further investigation. A
hypothesis may be proven correct or wrong, and must be capable of refutation. If it remains
unrefuted by facts, it is said to be verified or corroborated.
Steps in testing hypothesis

making assumptions

Stating the research and null hypothesis and selecting alpha

selecting the sampling distribution and specifying the test statistic

computing the test statistic

making a decision and interpreting the results.

Que no 4 a-Distinguish between:

Schedules and Questionnaires

Open ended and closed ended questions

B- Explain the questionnaire design process.

1-Differences
2-Questionnaire design process.
Ans:-A-1- Schedules Questionnaire with a face-to-face interaction in which the interviewer
reads out each question and makes a note of the respondents answer.
Questionnaires- A research tool that consists of a series of questions asked to respondents, in
order to obtain statistically useful information about a given topic.
2-Open-ended questionnaire In open-ended questions, the openness refers to the option of
answering in ones own words. They are also referred to as unstructured questions or freeresponse or free-answer questions. Some illustrations of this type are listed bellow:

What is your age?

Which is your favorite TV serial?

I like Nescafe because

My career goal is to ..

Closed-ended questions In closed-ended questions, both the question and response formats
are structured and defined. There are three kinds of formats as we observed earlier
dichotomous questions, multiple-choice questions and those that have a scaled response.
B-2- Questionnaire design process- Even though the questionnaire method is most used by
researchers, designing a well-structured instrument needs considerable skill. Presented below is a
standardized process that a researcher can follow.
Que no 5 a-What is the analysis of variance ? What are the assumptions of the
technique? Give a few examples where this technique could be used.

b-The following data represents the number of units produced by four operators during
three different shifts:
Shift

Operator
A
B
C
1
10
8
12
2
10
12
14
3
12
10
11
Perform a two-way analysis of variance and interpret the result.

D
13
15
14

a- Meaning , Assumptions and examples

b- Formulas, Calculation, Solution and Interpretation to the problem.
Ans-A-Analysis of variance- A technique used to compare means of two or more samples
(Using the F distribution). This technique can be used only for numerical data. The test of
hypothesis concerning the equality of two populations means using both the Z and t test.
Assumption of Technique -1-The error terms or residual effects, eij. are independent from
observation to observation and are randomly and normally distributed with zero mean and the
same variance o. This can be expressed as eij are iN (o.6).22
2-Variance of different samples are homogeneous.
3-Variances and means of different samples are not correlated. i.e., are independent.
4- The main effects (block and treatment) are additive.
Example: Suppose we want to compare the cholesterol contents of four competing diet foods on
the basis of the following data (in milligrams per package) which were obtained for three
randomly taken 6-ounce packages of each of the diet foods:
Diet food 1
Diet food 2
Diet food 3
Diet food 4

3.6
3.1
3.2
3.5

4.1
3.2
3.5
3.8

4.0
3.9
3.5
3.8

We want to test whether the difference among the sample means can be attributed to chance at
the 5 % level of significance.
Que no-6- Explain the Structure of the Research Report. What are the guideline for
effective report writing?

Explanation of the structure of the Research Report

Guideline for effective report writing

Ans- Structure of the Research Report- The reporting requires a structured format and by and
large, the process is standardized. As stated above, the major difference amongst the types of
reports is that all the elements that make a research report would be present only in a detailed
technical report. Usage of theoretical and technical jargon would be higher in the technical report
and visual presentation of the data would be higher in the management report.
Guideline for effective report writing
Clear report mandate: While writing the research problem statement and study background, the
writer needs to be absolutely clear in terms of why and how the problem was formulated.
Clearly designed Methodology: Any research study has its unique orientation and scope and
thus has a specific and customized research design, sampling and data collection plan.
Clear representation of finding: Complete honesty and transparency in stating the treatment of
data and ending of missing or contrary data is extremely critical.
Representativeness of study finding: A good research report is also explicit in terms of extent
and scope of the results obtained, and in terms of the applicability of finding.
Command over the medium: A correct and effective language of communication is critical in
putting ideas and objectives in the vernacular of reader/decision-maker.
Phrasing protocol: There is a debate about whether or not one makes use of personal pronoun
while reporting. The use of personal pronoun such as I think..Or in my opinion . lends a
subjectivity and personalization of judgment. Thus , the tone of the reporting should be neutral.
Simplicity of approach: Along with grammatically and structurally correct language, care must
be taken to avoid technical jargon as far as possible.
Report formatting and presentation: In terms of paper quality, page margins and font style and
size, a professional standard should be maintained. The font style must be uniform throughout
the report.