LAKOTIYA/WAICU

PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
This guide is an attempt to approximate Lakota sounds as they are given in the phonetic pronunciation keys
following each entry.
a - always pronounced ah, as in father
e pronounced between eh, as in let and "ay" as in "play" (pronunciation may vary from speaker to
speaker)
i always pronounced ee, as in keep
o - pronounced o as in potato
u - pronounced oo as in room
N - nasalizes the vowel before it; n is almost silent (not an ng sound)
c - like ch in church
C like j in July with a slight ch
G gx gutteral; this gutteral is made farther back on roof of mouth than others, hard g sound is not
really made.
H,T,K,P - gutteral; X like ch in German Bach. The letter gutteralized is pronounced (almost
imperceptably) before the gutteral sound is made.
j like si in television or ge in garage
f a type of k sound not found in English; a combination of a hard g and k sounds. Begin making a
hard g (as in goal) and finish with a k sound (as in king)
q midway between b and p begin making b sound, finish with slight p
S - like sh in ship
d almost a t sound, mid-way between t and d
r aspiration

parts of speech abbreviations:

n. noun
v. verb
adj. adjective
adv. adverb
pron. pronoun
prep. - preposition
interj. interjection
conj. - conjunction
fem. word used by females only
male word used by males only
encl. enclitic
coloq. coloquial word or expression
pref. prefix
suff. suffix
indef. art. indefinite article
The bold type in the pronunciation keys indicate emphasis. The word agleSka, for example, is pronounced
(a-gleh-shka): gleh is the accentuated part of the word.
Verb conjugations are given in the following order: [I, you, he/she/it, we, you all, they]. The verb hi, for
example, is conjugated like this: [wahi, yahi, hi, uhipi, yahipi, hipi]. The English translation follows in
this order: [I arive, you arrive, he/she arrives, we arive, you all arrive, they arrive].
Pronunciations written in the international phonetic alphabet are also provided in brackets.

LAKOTIYA/WAICU

LAKOTA/ENGLISH
A
aczeka (a-cha-zeh-ka) [zk] v. to get angry at <amcazeke he is angry at me; awcazeke
I am angry at him; akicicazeke they are angry at each other; see also: cazke>
afl - (a-gkal) [kl] prep. on
afwowapi - (a-gka-wo-wa-pee) [klwowpi] n. desk
aglSka - (a-gleh-shka) [glk] n. lizard
aGyaPi - (a-gXoo-ya-pXee) [gxujpxi] n. bread
ahTowa - (a-hee-tXoo-wa) [hitxow] v. to watch, to look to, to look at someone <see also:
towa> [ahiwTowa, ahiyTowa, ahTowa, ahiTowapi, ahiyTowapi, ahTowapi]
ah (a-ho) [ho] interj. yes, agreement <see also: hau (males), ha (fem), ho, oha>
ayaHpeya - (a-ee-yahX-peh-a) [ijhxpt] 1. v. to offer <to the spirits; see also: iyaHkxiye, wanGi
wica ku>. 2. v. to give away [awaHpaya <I give away> ayaHpeya, aHpeya, auayaHpeyapi,
ayaHpeyapi]. 3.n. a give-away.
ak - (a-kay) [k] adv. 1. again. 2. returns. 3. teens <in counting: ak waj>
ak waj - (a-kay wa-zhee) [k wi] n. eleven
akcita - (a-kee-chee-ta) [kiit] n. 1. soldier, officer 2. one whose job it is to guide a village in moving,
police conduct in general, and oversee good order in village life <archaic meaning>
anGopta - (a-na-gXop-ta) [ngxopt] v. to listen to, to obey [anwaGopta, anyaGopta,
anGopta, anuGoptapi, anyaGoptapi, anGoptaNpi]
ankasa - (a-noo-ka-sa) [nuks] n. bald eagle <see also: wambli (eagle), waNbligleSka
(spotted eagle)>
aptu - (a-pay-too) [ptu] n. day
aptu dpa - (a-pay-too dto-pa) [ptu dtop] n. Thursday
aptu npa - (a-pay-too noo-pa) [ptu nup] n. Tuesday
aptu Tokheya - (a-pay-too tXo-ka-hay-ya) [ptu txokhj] n. Monday
aptu waK - (a-pay-too wa-kXa) [ptu wkx] n. Sunday
aptu ymni - (apay-too yam-nee) [ptu jmni] n. Wednesday
aptu zapt - (a-pay-too zap-ta) [ptu zpt] n. Friday
po - (a-po) [po] n. dawn <when it is light out before sunrise>
aP - (a-pXa) [px] v. 1. to strike or hit. 2. to count coup <in battle, to hit or touch an enemy with a bow,
club or rifle without harming them as a display of courage> [awPe, ayPe, aP, ukPapi, ayPapi, aPpi]
3. to be struck or hit by someone else [amPe, anPe] <see also: o>
aPya (a-pXee-ya) [pxij] v. 1. to be fixed, repaired. 2. to be healed ceremonially [aPimaye, aPiniye,
aPiye, aPiuNyapi, aPiniyapi, aPiyapi] <see also: oKzi, waPya>.

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apsca - (ap-see-cha) [psi] v. to jump over [awpsice, aypsice, apsce, ukpsicapi, aypsicapi,
apscapi]
aspi - (a-sa-pee) [spi] n. milk
asnkiya - (a-snee-kee-ya) [snikij] v. to rest [asnwakiye, asnyakiye, asnkiye, asniukiyapi,
asniyakiyapi, asnikiyapi]
ta (a-ta) [t] pref. with great vigor <indicates insensity of word>
takili (a-ta-kee-lee) [tkili] interj. wow! <shows great surprise; see also: kil>
at - (a-tay) [t] n. father <atkku - his/her father>
a (a-oo) [u] v. 1. to be led <somewhere> by someone [amu, anu, a, amupi, anupi, awcaupi] <he
brought me> 2. to lead or bring someone <to some place> [awau, ayau, au, ukupi, yakupi, api] <I
brought him>
ye (a-yay) [j] v. 1. to be taken by someone, to be transported by someone [amye, anye, ye,
amyapi, anyapi, aypi] 2. to take, to transport someone [abl, al, ye, ukayapi, alapi, ayapi]
azlya - (a-zeel-ya) [zilj] n,v. to burn sage, cedar or sweetgrass, to smudge oneself <with sage, cedar or
sweetgrass> [purification ritual]
B
bbela (beh-beh-la) [bbl] adj. childish <acting like a baby; corruption of English term >
ble - (blay) [bl] n. lake
blesyu - (blays-ya-oo) [blsju] n. sobriety <see also: wehtkeSni>
blTaka - (blay- tXa-ka) [bltxk] n. sea
blo - (blo) [blo] n. potato
blokska - (blo-ka-ska) [bloksk] n. the hiccups
bloktu - (blo-kay-too) [bloktu] n. summer
bub (boo-boo) [bubu] adj. 1. large. 2. fat. <coloquial expression; see also: Tka, cpa>
bya (boo-ya) [buj] adj. noisily
C
ca (cha) [] 1. prep. <infers a wish> 2. conj. because, so, therefore. 3. adj. a. 4. adv. when <past or
future; see also: dha (past only), dohl (present, future)> 5. interj. well, so <Ca dkiya la (hwo/he)? so,
where are you going?>.
cahpi (cha-ha-pee) [hpi] n. sugar
caHl - (cha-hXlee) [hxli] n. gunpowder
caj - (cha-zhay) [] n. name
cak (cha-keh) [k] suff. <describes a condition; oScecake bad, stormy; oskyacake bitter or sour
tasting>
canpa (cha-noo-pa) [nup] 1. n. pipe. 2. v. to smoke [canmupe cannupe, canpe,
canupapi, cannupapi, canpapi] <CanNpa WaKN - Sacred Pipe; canNpa mnin kte (yelo) I
am going to (go) smoke>
canzke - (chan-zay-kay) [zk] v. to be mad, angry <see also: aczeka> [macnzeke, nicnzeke,
canzke, ukcanzekapi, ncanzekapi, canzkapi]

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ca - (cha) [] n. 1. wood. 2. tree. 2. woods, forest <see also: cata (woods, forest), cawta (grove)>
cceGa (cha-chay-gXa) [gx] n. drum
cglepi (cha-gleh-pee) [glpi] n. 1. tree <planted by someone> 2. a wood pile.
caglSka - (cha-glay-shka) [glk] 1. hoop, circle <see also: womme>. 2. wheel <lit. describes a
moving wagon wheel>
cahpi - (cha-ha-pee) [hpi] n. sugar
cahte (cha-hoo-teh) [hut] n. root <of a plant, tree>
cakp (chak-peh) [kp] n. knee
Cakp Opi - (chak-peh o-pee) [kp opi] n. Wounded Knee, SD
caks - (chak-sa) [ks] n. 1. war club, coup stick. 2. a billy-club. 3. police officer <see also:
caksyuha>
caksyuha - (chaNk-sa-yoo-ha) [ksjuh] n. a police officer <see also: caks>
cak - (cha-koo) [ku] n. road, path <Cak Lta fi - the Red Road>
cal - (cha-lee) [li] n. 1. cigarette. 2. tobacco <see also: caSSa>
canpopa wi - (cha-na-po-pa wee) [npop wi] n. February <"moon of the cracking/popping
trees"; see also: TiyHeyuNKa wi, wictra wi >
cata (cha-o-ta) [ot] n. woods, a forest <see also: ca, cawta (grove)>
cPa - (cha-pXa) [px] n. cherry
cPa spa wi - (cha-pXa sa-pa wee) [px sp wi] n. July <"black choke cherries moon">
caSSa (cha-sha-sha) n. red willow bark <typically mixed with tobacco or smoked alone in pipes; this
is the traditional tobacco and is still preferred for ceremonial use; see also: cal>
caSk - (cha-shka) [k] n. red tailed hawk <see also: cet (hawk or nighthawk)>
cat (cha-tay) [t] n. heart
cattriNza (cha-teht ee-za) [ttiz] adj. brave <see also: ohtika (to be brave)>
cawPe - (cha-wa-pXay) [wpx] n. leaf
cawPe Gi wi - (cha-wa-pXay gXee wee) [wpx gxi wi] n. September <"leaves turn brown
moon">
cawPe to wi - (cha-wa-pay toN wee) [wpx to wi] n. May <"budding leaves moon"; see also:
wojpi wi>
cawPegasna wi - (cha-wa-pay-gka-sna wee) [wpxksn wi] n. October <"leaves shaken off
moon">
cawta - (cha-wee-ta) [wit] n. a grove of trees <see also: cata, ca (forest, tree)>
cpa - (cha-pa) [p] n. beaver
Cpa Wkpa OTwahe - (cha-pa wak-pa o-tXoo-wa-hay) [p wkp otxuwh] Chadron,
NE
caPka - (cha-pXoo-ka) [pxuk] n. mosquito
Cska (ja-ska) [dsk] adv. together <when used as a suffix Cska converts numbers into adverbs>
catK (chat-kXa) [tkx] adj. left (side of) <see also: catKyakakiya>
catKyakakiya (chat-kXa-ya-ka-kee-ya) [tkxjkkij] adj. left (side of...) <see also: catK>
ce (cheh) [] n. sexual organ <male or female>

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cpa (cheh-pa) [p] adj. fat, plump, chubby <see also: bub, Tka>
cePNSi (cheh-pXa-shee) [pxi] fem. n. female cousin <see also: SiCSi (fem. male cousin),
haNkSi (male female cousin), TahNSi (male male cousin)>
cesl (chay-slee) [sli] n. feces, shit
cet - (chay-ta) [t] n. hawk, nighthawk < see also: caSk (red tailed hawk)>
cwakiya (cheh-kee-ya) [kij] v. to pray [wacwakiye, yacwakiye, cwakiye, ucwakiyapi,
yacywakiyapi, cwakiyapi]
cya - (chay-ya) [j] v. to cry [waceye, yaceye, ceye, uceyapi, yaceyapi, ceyapi]
ceyka - (chay-a-ka) [jk] n. peppermint tea <see also: waHpe (tea)>
Cci - (jee-chee) [dii] n. 1. a spirit used to scare children <akin to the boogeyman>. 2. a ghost or
haunt.
Ckala - (jeek a-la) [dikl] adj. 1. small. 2. a little <amount; Cik'ala Lakta wwaglake (yelo) - "I
speak a little lakota">
ci - (chee) [i] v. 1. to want. 2. to need. [wac, yac, ci, cpi, yacpi, ucpi]
cca - (chee-cha) [i] n. child, offspring <see also: hokScala, waKyeja>
ckSi - (cheenk-shee) [iki] n. son
ciSk (chee-shka) [ik] n. spoon
ciy - (chee-yay) [ij] male n. older brother <see also: tibl (fem. usage, older brother), mis (younger
brother)>
co (cho) [o] adj. popular, cool
cwija - (cho-wee-zha) [owi] n. floor
ckSi - (chook-shee) [uki] n. daughter
cuwyapehe - (choo-wee-ya-pay-hay) [wijph] n. 1. vine. 2. grape. <see also: Kta>
cusn - (choo-snee) [usni] adj. cool <temperature>
cuw - (choo-way) [uw] fem. n. older sister <see also: tak (m. usage, older sister), takS (m. younger
sister), tak (f. younger sister), hakta (used by any adult, for any adult sister)>
cuw (choo-wee) [uwi] n. back <body>
cuwgnaka - (choo-weeg-na-ka) [uwignk] n. dress
E
e (eh) [] v. to be <see also: hca, u, yak>
ecna - (ay-cha-na) [n] adv. soon <see also: ecni, dokS>
ecni - (ay-cha-nee) [ni] adv. soon <see also: ecna, dokS>
ecla - (eh-cheh-la) [l] 1. adv. alone. 2. adj. only <see also: Se>.
ecSni - (ay-chee-shnee) [ini] adj. wrong
eCyapi - (ay-jee-ya-pee) [ipi] v. to be called, to be named [emCiapi, enCiyapi, eCyapi]

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ehni (ay-ha-nee) [hni] adj. long ago
ehk eh -(eh-hook eh-ha) [hukh] adv. long ago, then <far in the past>
ekd - (ayk-dta) [kdt] prep. 1. to. 2. at. <see also: da>
el - (el) [l] prep. at
paTan - (ay-patXan) [patxn] v. to touch [ewapaTan, eyapaTan, epaTan, euNpaTanpi, eyapaTanpi,
epaTanpi]
pazo - (ay-pa-zo) [pzo] v. to point [ewapazo, eyapazo, epazo, euNpazopi, eyapazopi, epazopi]
pazo oklakiciye - (ay-pa-zo o-ko-la-kee-chee-ay) [pzo okolkiij] n. A.I.M., American Indian
Movement
et - (ay-ta) [t] adj. some
etha - (ay-ta-ha) [th] prep. from
tkiya - (eht-kee-ya) [tkij] adv. towards
towa - (at-to-wa) [tow] v. to look upon, to watch over <see also: ahTowa> [watowa,
yatowa, towa, etowapi, yatowapi, towapi]
tu - (ay-too) [tu] suff. time <abstract term>
ey - (ay-ya) [j] v. to say <anything; eyapi yelo - so they say; eyapelo - so they say, so it is said
(common form); ey (yo/ye)! Say it! (command)>
eypaha (ay-ya-pa-ha) [jph] n. announcer <especially at Pow-wows or social functions>
eypelo - (ay-a-peh-lo) [jplo] modifier So it is said <commonly ends statements that are hear-say,
or stories; see also: Ske, ey>
eySna (ay-ya-shna) [jn] adj. usually
G
gaj - (ga-zho) [go] n. diarrhea <see also: kja>
Gi - (gXee) [gxi] adj. brown
gla - (gla) [gl] v. to go home [wagl, yagl, gl, uglpi, yaglpi, glpi]
glSka - (glay-shka) [glk] adj. spotted
gli - (glee) [gli] v. to arrive <at home here; to a general location> [wgli, ygli, gl, uglpi, yaglpi, glpi]
gnin kte - (gneen ktay) [gninkt] v. to go home (future tense) [wagnin kte, yagnin kte, gnin kte, uNglapi
kte, yaglapi kte, glapi kte]
gnugnSka - (gnoo-gnoo-shka) [gnugnuk] n. grasshopper
Gu (gXoo) [gxu] v. 1. to burn. 2. to singe or scorch. [maG, niGu, Gu, uNGupi, niGupi, Gupi] <see also:
il>
H
ha (ha) [h] n. 1. skin <on a living person or animal> 2. hide, skin <removed, tanned>
hafTu (ha-gkee-tXoo) [hkitxu] v. to dress, to get dressed [hawfiTu, hanfiTu, hafTu,
hafiTupi, hanfiTupi, hafTupi]

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HKa - (hXa-kXa) [hxkx] 1. adj. branched, branching out from something <like antlers> 2. n. root
<mistranslation kept today, only used in Pejta HKa (usually written Pejuta Haka), Medicine Root
District of the Pine Ridge reservation>
hakta (ha-ka-ta) [hkt] n. sister <used by any adult to refer to grown/adult sister; see also: cuw
(fem. usage, older sister), tak (m. usage, older sister), takS (m. younger sister), tak (f. younger
sister)>
hlablaska - (ha-la-bla-ska) [hlblsk] n. bedbug
halhte - (hal-ha-tay) [hlht] n. magpie <see also: ukcGila>
haNkSi (ha-ka-shee) [hki] male n. female cousin <see also: cePNSi (fem. female cousin), SiCSi
(fem. male cousin), TahNSi (male male cousin)>
hanpkceka (han-peek-chay-ka) [hnpikk] n. 1. shoes <ordinary> 2. moccasins.
ha - (ha) [h] fem. adv. yes <see also: hu (male), txo (fem), aho, oha, ho - ok>
Hablca (ha-bleh-cha) [hbl] n. vision quest <ceremony; see also: Hableceya]
Hablceya - (ha-blay-chay-a) [hblj] n. 1. a dream. 2. vision quest <ceremony; see also:
Hablca>
hacka - (ha-cho-ka) [hok] n. midnight
hacka ismya - (ha-cho-ka ee-sa-mya) [hok ismj] n. after midnight <before the first
light of dawn>
hahpi - (ha-hay-pee) [hhpi] n. night
Hah (hXa-hee) [hxhi] v. to be slow [maHhi, niHhi, Hah, uHhipi, niHhipi, Hahpi]
hakSi - (ha-ka-shee) [hki] fem. n. cousin
hak (ha-keh) [hk] fem. n. younger sister
hpa - (ha-pa) [hp] n. shoe
hska - (ha-ska) [hsk] n. 1. tall. 2. long <haskaska - plural>
HaTSala - (hXa-tXay sha-la) [hxtxl] n. cedar <red cedar; used for azliya (also sage or
sweetgrass)>
hawKa - (ha-wa-ka) [hwkx] n. 1. holy night. 2. Aurora Borealis, Northern Lights.
haw - (ha-wee) [hwi] n. the moon
hsapa - (ha-sa-pa) [hsp] n. black (negro), African-American
hska (ha-ska) [hsk] adj. light-complexion
hu - (ha-oo) [hu] 1. male interj. hello. 2. male adv. yes. <see also: haN, To (fem.), aho, ho, haN>
haypi (ha-ya-pee) [hjpi] n. clothes, clothing
Hca (hXcha) [hx] suff. very <see also: lla>
he - (hay) [h] 1. fem. encl. < ends questions (male: hwo)> 2. n. horn. <of an animal; taTaNka fi he
yuhapi (yelo) the bison have horns.> 3. adj. that. <TaHca fi he walaka (hwo)? did you see that
deer?; see also: fa>

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He - (hXay) [hx] n. mountain
He spa - (hXeh sa-pa) [hxsp] n. the Black Hills <traditional form; see also: paha sapa (modern
form)>
hec - (hay-cha) [h] n. buzzard, vulture
hca - (hay-cha) [h] v. to be, to belong to <a tribe, a nation, etc.> [hemaca, henica, heca, heucapi,
henicapi, hecapi] <see also: e, u, yaNk>
hcena (heh-cheh-na) [hn] adj. still, continuing <hcena oSceca hwo? is it still stormy?>
hcetu - (hay-chay-too) [htu] superl. right, correct <hcetu welo! thats right! or right on!; also,
(This is/That is) the way it is.>
hecSka - (hay-chee-shka) [hik] n. Bighorn sheep <see also: THca Suka>
hciya (heh-chee-ya) [hij] adv. There, at that place <see also: fkiya, kal>
heHka - (hay-hXa-ka) [hhk] n. elk
hha - (hay-ha) [hh] adv. then, at that time
hktakiya (hayk-ta-kee-ya) [hktkij] adv. 1. backwards. 2. behind.
hen - (hay-na) [hn] adj. those <see also: fan>
het Cikrla - (hay-to jeek a-la) [hto ikl] n. antelope
Hewktokta (hay-wak-tok-ta) [hwktokt] n. Arikara, Arickaree, Ree
hya - (hay-ya) [hj] n. louse
hey key - (heh-ya keh-ya) [hj kj] v. "he, she, it said that" <indicates that a quote will follow>
[heph keph (I said...), he'keyapi (we said...)>
HeyKa (hay-yo-kXa) [hjokx] 1. n. sacred clown, someone who does things backwards <originally a
society (Oklakiciye)> 2. adj. something done backwards, opposite to custom or the norm.
Heyka - (hXeh-oo-ka) [hxjuk] n. frost
hi - (hee) [hi] v. to arrive <here> [wah, yah, hi, uhpi, yahpi, hpi]
hiNh (hee-heh) [hih] v. rain, to <see also: maGju, whihe>
higlSka (hee-glay-shka) [higlk] n. apaloosa <horse; see also: : Sukawaka, Sung, hiTo
(roan)>
hgna - (heeg-na) [hign] n. husband <mihigna - my husband>
hih - (hee-ha) [hih] n. owl
hhani - (hee-ha-nee) [hihni] n. 1. morning. 2. tomorrow <with fi: hhani fi tomorrow>
hiT (hee-tXo) [hitxo] n. roan <horse; see also: SukawaKa, Sung, higleSka (apaloosa)>
hiy - (hee-ya) [hij] interj. No <see also: hoH>

LAKOTIYA/WAICU
hiyya - (hee-yay-ya) [hijj] adj. 1. scattered about, lying around without order. <inanimate objects only,
denotes existence; Ca hiyeya fi wanyaNka yelo. - He saw the trees scattered about.>
HliHlla (hXlee-hXlee-la) [hxlihxlil] n. muddy
ho (ho) [ho] 1. interj. yes, alright. <see also: hau, ha, To, aho, oha> 2. interj. <Calls attention to get
something under way: Ho, wan! lets go now!/Come on!> 3. n. voice.
hocka - (ho-cho-ka) [hook] n. 1. a central meeting ground. 2. the sacred center, of ones village
(wicti), the Earth, or oneself.
hoG (ho-gXa) [hogx] n. fish
hoH (hohX) [hohx] male interj. no <see also: hiy>
hoHp - (ho-hXpeh) [hohxp] n. cough <coughing - hoHp; see also: kja>
Hok - (hXo-ka) [hxok] n. badger
hka he (ho-ka hay) [hokh] superl. <exclamation; battle/hunting cry, may be equivalent to
charge>
hokScala - (hok-shee-cha-la) [hokil] n. baby <newborn; see also: waKyeja, cca (offspring)>
hokSla - (hok-shee-la) [hokil] n. boy
hokwa (ho-koo-wa) [hokuw] v. to go fishing <howkuwe, hoyakuwe, hokwe, hokuwapi,
hoykuwapi, hokwapi]
Hta - (hXo-ta) [hxot] adj. gray
hTate (ho-tXa-tay) [hotxt] n. radio <see also: ikcola masrPe>
hyeya (ho-yeh-ya) [hojj] v. to pray or cry out to, to send ones voice to <hoywaye Im crying out
/I make this prayer>
Hrahya (hX a-hee-ya) [hxhij] adv. slowly
Htakyaka (hXta-kee-ya-ka) [hxtkijk] n. dusk
Htaytu (hXta-yay-too) [hxtjtu] n. evening <see also: Htakyuka>
hu (hoo) [hu] n. leg, legs <hu nupa fiN the two-leggeds>
hu dpa - (hoo dto-pa) [hu dtop] n. four-leggeds <animals>
hu npa - (hoo noo-pa) [hu nup] n. two-leggeds <humans, birds, bears>
huh - (hoo-hoo) [huhu] n. bone
huH - (hoo-hX) [huhx] adj. some
Huka (hoo-ka) [huk] n. 1. naming/adoption ceremony. 2. someone related by adoption.
hka (hoo-ka) [huk] n. sister-in-law
hkeSni - (hoo-keh-shnee) [hukni] adj. weak
Hkpapa - (hook-pa-pa) [hukpp] n. "camps-at-the-ends-of-the-circle" <division of the Sioux;
Standing Rock Reservation>
huSt (hoosh-teh) [hut] adj. lame
huwo - (hoo-wo) [huwo] male encl. < ends questions; see also: hwo, he (fem. encl.)>

LAKOTIYA/WAICU
Hwa - (hXwa) [hxw] v. to be tired, sleepy [maHw, niHw, Hw, uHwpi, niHwpi, Hwpi] <see also:
yuG, wadKa>
hwo - (hwo) [hwo] male encl. <ends questions; see also: huw, he (fem. encl.)>
I
i (ee) [i] 1. n. mouth. 2. v. to arrive (someplace else) [wai, yai, i, ukipi, yaipi, ipi] < dha yai (hwo)?
when did you arrive (there)?>
ipi (ee-a-pee) [ijpi] suff.. language <see also: Lakotiya, Lakota, LaKol (Sioux language); WaScu
(English language)>
icmna - (ee-cham-na) [imn] v. to snow <see also: wahhe>
ic - (ee-choo) [iu] v. 1. to get, to receive. 2. to take <with wo/we> [iwacu, iyacu, icu, ukicupi, iyacupi,
icupi] <wanji iyacu (wo)! take one!; waNjji iyacu (yelo) you recieved one.>
idwapi (ee-dto-wa-pee) [idtowpi] n. picture
iglzica - (ee-gloo-zee-cha) [igluzi] v. to be pregnant [migluzica, nigluzica, igluzica, ukigluzicape,
nigluzicape, igluzicape]
iglzice - (ee-gloo-zee-chay) [igluzi] v. to stretch <oneself> [migluzice, nigluzice, igluzice,
ukigluzicape, nigluzicape, igluzicape]
igm - (eeg-moo) [igmu] n. cat
igm watgla - (eeg-moo wa-to-gla) [igmu wtogl] n. 1. wildcat. 2. mountain lion. 3. lion.
iH - (ee-hXa) [ihx] v. 1. to smile. 2. to laugh [iwaHa, iyaHa, iHa, ukiHapi, iyaHapi, iHapi]
iHtra - (ee-hXat a) [ihxt] v. to laugh hysterically [iwaHatra, iyaHatra, iHatra, ukiHatrapi, iyaHatrapi,
iHatrapi]
iHpya (eeX-peh-ya) [ihxpj] v. to throw away, get rid of <something or someone> [iHpwehe,
ihxpyaye, iHpya, iHpuyapi, iHpyehapi, iHpyapi]
iHr - (eehX a) [ihx] v. to cook [iwHra, iyHra, iHr, iHrapi, iyHrapi, iHrpi]
ikcola mas'Pe - (ee-ka-cho-la mas a-pXeh) [ikol mspx] radio <see also: hTate>
kce wicSa - (eek-chay wee-cha-sha) [ik wi] n. a common man
iktmi - (eek-to-mee) [iktomi] n. 1. a spider. 2. the primary Lakota trickster spirit. <when capitalized:
Iktmi> 3. a certain classification of spirits, often associated with Yuwpi ceremonies.
iktmi canglSka - (eek-to-mee cha-glay-shka) [iktomi nglk] n. dream catcher <lit.: spider
hoop>
ik (ee-koo) [iku] n. chin
ilzata - (ee-la-za-ta) [iltz] adv. behind
il (ee-leh) [il] 1. v. to burn. 2. n. a blaze, a fire. <see also: Pta, octi>
in - (ee-na) n. 1. mother. 2. aunt <mothers sister(s); see also: tuw - fathers sister(s)>
injin - (ee-na-zheen) [inin] v. 1. to stand up. 2. to stop or stand still. [inwajin, inyajin, injin,
inujinpi, inyajinpi, injinpi]
Inpi - (ee-nee-pee) [inipi] n. 1. sweat lodge. 2. sweat lodge ceremony <purification ritual; see also:
Temn>.
kpa - (eek-pa) [ikp] n. the tip <of something>

10

LAKOTIYA/WAICU
Se - (ee-shay) [i] adj. only, just <trivializes a statement; ISe uSktapi (yelo) - Were only
playing.; see also: ecla>
ska - (ee-ska) [ik] interj. 1. excuse me 2. let me think <can interrupt any sentence for a pause>
ya - (ee-ya) [ij] n. rock, stone
yake - (ee-ya-kay) [ijk] v. to run [waimake, yaiake, iyake, ukriyakapi, yaiakapi,
iyakapi]
puza - (ee-poo-za) [ipuz] v. to be thirsty [imapuza, inipuza, ipuza, iupuzapi, inipuzapi, ipuzapi]
iS - (eesh) [i] pron. they, them
iskib - (ee-sa-keeb) [iskib] adv. side-by-side, alongside <see also: iskibya>
iskibya - (ee-sa-kee-bya) [iskibj] adv. side-by-side, alongside <see also: iskib>
ism - (ee-sam) [ism] comparitive. than [mism, nism, ism, ukispapi, nismpapi, wicsam]
<hokSila fi atkuku fi ism haska - The boy is taller than his father. hokSila fi misam haska - The
boy is taller than I.>
ismya (ee-sam-ya) [ismj] adj. over-done, beyond the norm
Isyeti - (ee-sa-yeh-tee) [isjti] n. Dakota, Santee Sioux
Siya (eesh-ee-ya) [iij] adv. he/she as well, he/she too
iSlya (eesh-la-ya) [ilj] adj. right <side of; see also: iSlyaTakiya>
iSlyaTakiya (eesh-la-ya-tXa-kee-ya) [ilytkij] adj. right <side of...; see also: iSlya>
iSnla (eesh-na-la) [inl] adj. alone
ISnti Awcalowa - (eesh-na-tee a-wee-cha-lo-wa) [inti wilow] n. girls puberty ceremony
Sta - (eesh-ta) [it] n. eyes
iStmaza - (eesh-ta-ma-za) [itmz] n. eye glasses
iStawicyaza wi - (eesh-ta-wee-cha-ya-za wee) [itwijz wi] n. March <"sore eyes moon"; see
also: Siy iStHcapi wi>
Stima - (eesh-tee-ma) [itim] v. to sleep [mStima, nStima, Stima, ukStimapi, nStimapi, Stimapi]
ist (ees-to) [ito] n. arm, arms <body>
itca - (ee-ta-cha) [it] n. leader, chief <see also: naC>
itzipa - (ee-ta-zee-pa) [itzip] n. bow
Itzipco - (ee-ta-zeep-cho) [itzipo] n. "without-bows" <division of the Sioux, aka "Sans Arc";
Cheyenne River, Standing Rock Reservations>
Itzipco (ee-ta-zeep-cho) [itzipo] n. the Sans Arc Sioux, one of seven divisions of the Teton Sioux
<lit: Without Bows>
it (ee-tay) [it] n. face
itGi kitpi (ee-to-gee kee-too-pee) [itogxi kitupi] n. Halloween <they put on (different)
faces>
itkaGa - (ee-to-ka-gXa) [itokgx] n. South <see also: itkaGatakiya>
itkaGatakiya - (ee-to-ka-gXa-ta-kee-ya) [itokgxtkij] n. South <see also: itkaGa>

11

LAKOTIYA/WAICU
itmni - (ee-to-mnee) [itomni] 1. n. an alcoholic <see also: mniwaK ikjapi>, drunkard. 2. v. to be
intoxicated, to be drunk. 3. to be dizzy [imtomni, iytomni, itmni, itomnipi, iyatomnipi, itomnipi]
itmni opSni - (ee-to-mnee o-pee-shnee) [itomni opini] n. hangover <see also: tHi, kje>
itpta spa (ee-top-ta sa-pa) [itopt sp] n. ferret <"black-across-the-face">
iTnkala - (ee-tXoon-ka-la) [itunkl] n. mouse
iTnkTka - (ee-tXoonk- tXa-ka) [itxunktxnk] n. rat
iwkab - (ee-wa-kab) [iwkb] adv. above
iwblu - (ee-wo-bloo) [iwoblu] n. blizzard
iyaHeKiye (ee-ya-hXeh-kXee-yeh) [ijhxkxij] v. to offer, to give out <to the spirits> [iyaHewaKiye,
iyaHeyaKiye, iyaHeKiye, iyaHeuKiyapi, iyaHeyaKiapi, iyaHeKiyapi] <see also: wanGi wica ku>
iyya - (ee-ya-ya) [ijj] v. to go <past tense> [iblable, ilale, iyaye, uNkiyapi, ilalapi, iyayapi] <see also:
ya>
iycika - (ee-yay-chee-ka) [ijik] n. motor, engine <by itself>
iycika yaka (ee-yay-chee- ka ee-ya-ka) [ijik ijk] n. 1. car, automobile <see also:
iycikaka> 2. computer <see also: mazanasla> 3. <anything automated>
iycikaka (ee-yeh-chee-ka-ka) [ijikk] n. car, automobile <contraction; see also: iycika
yaka>
iycikiyaka Tka - (ee-yay-chee-ka-ee-ya-ka tXa-ka) [ijikijk txk] n. van
iypi (ee-yay-pee) [ijpi] pron. they <see also: iS>
iyska - (ee-yay-ska) [ijk] n. 1. someone of mixed-blood, part Lakota. <may be seen as a derogatory
term> 2. translator, interpreter. 3. medicine man, wicSa waK <spiritual interpreter>.
iyhila (ee-yo-hee-la) [ijohil] adj. 1. each. 2. every.
iykSica - (ee-yok-shee-cha) [ijoki] v. 1. to be sad. 2. to be lonely [iyomkSice, iyonkSice, iykSice,
iyokSicapi, iyonkSicapi, iykSicapi]
yotaka - (ee-yo-ta-ka) [ijotk] v. 1. to sit down. 2. to settle down for a time, to camp [ibltake, iltake,
iytake, ukyotakapi, iltakapi, iytakapi]
iyha (ee-yoo-ha) [ijuh] adj. all <see also: oysi>
iykca - (ee-yook-cha) [iyuk] v. to think, to understand [iblukca, ilukca, iyukca, ukiyucapi,
ilukcapi, iyukcapi] <see also: okHniGa>
iySki - (ee-yoo-shkee) [ijuki] v. to be happy [ibluSki, iluSki, iyuSki, iuSki, iluSkipi, iyuSkipi]
K
kGa - (ka-gXa) [kgx] v. to do, to make, to form [wakaGa, nikaGa, kaGa, ukaGapi, nikaGapi, kaGapi]
kal - (kal) [kl] adv. there <see also: fkiya>
Kans (kXan-soo) [kxnsu] n. 1. ticket. 2. playing cards.
KaG - (kXa-gXee) [kxgxi] n. crow
KaG Tka - (kXa-gXee tXa-ka) [kxgxi txk] n. raven
KaG wicSa (kXa-gXee wee-cha-sha) [kxgxi wi] n. Crow <tribe; see also: Psaloka>
Kta - (kXa-ta) [kxt] n. 1. plum(s). 2. grape(s).

12

LAKOTIYA/WAICU
Kta Sa wi - (kXa-ta sha wee) [kxt wi] n. August <"red plums moon">
kaSppi - (kash-pa-pee) [kppi] n. 1. dime, ten cents. 2. coin <any>.
kaSppi oKse - (kash-pa-pee o-kXee-say) [kppi okxis] n. nickel, five cents
Kte - (kXa-tay) [kxt] adj. hot <see also: oKte (weather)>
ki (kee) [ki] v. to arrive (at home there) [waki, yaki, ki, ukipi, yakipi, kipi] <archaic>
kil (kee-lee) [kili] interj. wow <interjection, expresses surprise; see also: takili>
kimmila - (kee-mee-mee-la) [kimimil] n. butterfly
kya - (kee-ya) [kij] suff.. towards
kiyfiyapi - (kee-ya-gkee-ya-pee) [kijkijpi] n. airplane <see also: kiyaKiyapi ohrako>
kiyfiyapi ohrko - (kee-ya-gkee-ya-pee oh a-ko) [kijkijpi oko] n. jet airplane <see also:
kiyfiyapi>
Klte (kXleh-teh) [kxlt] n. a reckless or mischievous individual, a clown or practical joker
Ko - (kXo) [kxo] conj. 1. and. 2. too, also. <placed after word it belongs to; see also: na, naK, Siya>
KktopawiGe - (kXok-to-pa-wi-gXay) [kxoktopwigx] n. one thousand
kla - (ko-la) [kol] n. friend
KoSklaka - (kXo-shka-la-ka) [koklk] n. young man
kru - (k oo) [ku] v. to give to [makru, yakru, kru, ukrupi, yakrupi, krupi] <wowapi makru (wo). - give the
book to me.>
kSto - (ksh-to) [kto] fem. encl. <ends statements>
kSpi (k-shoo-pee) [kupi] adj. beaded
kte - (ktay) [kt] encl. <both male & female: future; kta when used in a question: dohal yahi kta
(hwo/he)? - when are you going to arrive?>
kja - (koo-zha) [ku] v. 1. to be sick <see also: hoHp (cough), Pamn (runny nose), gaj (diarrhea),
osn oblspe (a cold/flu), mniskyakuja (diabetes)>. 2. to be hung-over <slang; see also: otHi, tHi>
[makja, nikja, kja, ukjapi, nikjapi, kjapi] <nikja (hwo/he)? are you (feeling) sick?>
kukSe - (koo-koo-shay) [kuku] n. pig
kwa - (koo-wa) [kuw] v. to hunt [wakwa, yakwa, kwa, ukwapi, yakwapi, kwapi] <see also:
ol>

f
fa (gka) [k] pref. to do something with ones hands, or with an instrument or impliment <modifies
verbs to indicate that the nature of that action is manual>
fa - (gka) [k] pron. that <see also: he>
faf (gka-gka) [kk] coloq. n. grandpa <familiar term; coloquial expression, local to Pine Ridge
reservation; see also: lal, TukSila>
fkiya - (gka-kee-ya) [kkij] adv. there <see also: kal>
fan - (gka-na) [kn] pron. those <distant objects; see also: hena (closer objects)>

13

LAKOTIYA/WAICU
fart (gka ta) [kt] v. to kill
fi (gkee) [ki] def.art. 1. the. 2. that. <see also: fi>
fic - (gkee-chee) [kii] prep. with
ficzapi (gkee-chee-za-pee) [kxiizpi] n. a fight
fi - (kee) [ki] def.art. 1. the. 2. that. <see also: fi>
fu - (gkoo) [ku] v. to come home [maf, yaf, f, ufpi, yafpi, fpi] <wann fu welo.- Hes coming
home a traditional memorial song>
L
Lakta - (lak-ho-ta) [lkhot] n. 1. a Sioux* <a person> 2. the Sioux language. 2. the Sioux <friend or
ally; Lakta hemca- I am (a) Sioux; Lakta wowglake - I speak Sioux; Lakta Oyte - Sioux
Nation; see also: laktiya, lakhl (language)>
Lakta ktHci - (kee-la-ko-ta ktayhX-chee) [kilkot kthxi] n. "wannabe," a non-indian
attempting to "be" indian
laktiya (lak-ho-tee-ya) [lkhotij] n. Sioux language <see also: Lakta>
lal (la-la) [ll] coloq. n. grandpa < familiar term; coloquial expression, local to Cheyenne River,
Rosebud, Lower Brul reservations; see also: faf, TukSila>
le - (lay) [l] pron. this
lha - (leh-ha) [lh] adv. modern times, "now-a-days"
lehl - (lay-hal) [lhl] adv. now <right at this moment; see also: nakS, wann>
lekS - (layk-shee) [lki] n. uncle <mothers brother(s); see also: at - fathers brother(s)>
lel - (layl) [ll] adv. here
lna - (lay-na) [ln] pron. these <see also: hna>
lla - (lee-la) [lil] adv. very <see also: -Hca>
loc - (lo-chee) [loi] v. to be hungry [lowci, loyci, loc, locipi, loycipi, locpi] <loyci
(hwo/he)? are you hungry?>
low - (lo-wa) [low] v. to sing [walowa, yalowa, lowa, ulowapi, yalowapi, lowapi] <see
also: lowpi, lowpi tca, olwa (song)>
lowpi - (lo-wa-pee) [lowpi] n. song <see also: lowpi tca, olwa>
lowpi teca - (lo-wa-pee tay-cha) [lowpit] n. new music <rock and roll, rap, jazz, country, etc.;
see also: lowapi, olwa>
lta - (loo-ta) [lut] adj. scarlet, red <see also: Sa>
lzaha - (loo-za-ha) [luzh] adv. fast
M
maGju - (ma-gXa-zhoo) [mgxu] n. rain <maGju (welo). - it is raining.>
maGksica - (ma-gXak-see-cha) [mgxksi] n. duck
maGksica agl wi - (ma-gXak-see-cha a-glee wee) [mgxksi gliwi] n. April <"ducks return
moon">
*

The name Sioux, commonly used by outsiders, is actually a French corruption of the Chippewa name, nadouessioux,
meaning lesser snake or lesser enemy.

14

LAKOTIYA/WAICU
maGsapa - (ma-gXa-sa-pa) [mgxsp] n. goose
mahl (ma-hayl) [mhl] adv. 1. within, inside. 2. into.
maHpya - (mahX-pee-ya) [mhxpij] n. 1. cloud. 2. sky <see also: Ska> 3. Heaven.
maHpyaTo (mahX-pee-ya-tXo) [mhxpijtxo] n. Arapaho
maK - (ma-kXa) [mkx] n. earth, the Earth <Uc MaK Grandmother Earth>
maK iyblu - (ma-kXa ee-yoo-bloo) [mkx ijoblu] n. tractor
MaKsa wakp - (ma-kXa-sa wak-pa) [mks wkp] n. Oglala, SD
maKce - (ma-kXo-chay) [mkxo] n. 1. land. 2. country, region.
maKcaGe (ma-ko-cha-gXay) [mkxogx] n. season
makSica - (ma-ko-shee-cha) [mkoi] n. 1. badlands. 2. desert.
maKwaca cimani - (ma-kXo-wa-cha ee-chee-ma-nee) [mkxow iimni] n. tourist, traveller
maK (ma-kXoo) [mku] n. chest
mni - (ma-nee) [mni] v. to walk [mawani, mayani, mani, maunipi, mayanipi, manipi]
mantu (ma-nee-too) [mnitu] adv. 1. abroad. 2. in the wilderness.
mak - (ma-ka) [mk] n. skunk
maspiye - (ma-so-pee-yay) [msopij] n. store
masrPa - (mas a-pXa) [mspx] v. to telephone, to call <by phone> [masrwaPe, masryaPe, masrPe,
masraPapi, masryaPapi, masrPapi]
maSt - (mash-tay) [mt] adj. 1. sunny. 2. nice weather.
maStcala - (mash-tee-cha-la) [mtil] n. rabbit
maswgnaka - (mas-wog-na-ka) [mswognk] n. 1. a can. 2. canned goods.
maT - (ma-tXo) [mtxo] n. bear <Matx Tpila - Devils Tower (the Bears Lodge); MaT pha Bear Butte>
mza - (ma-za) [mz] n. 1. iron. 2. metal <in general>
mza waK - (ma-za wa-kXa) [mz wkx] n. gun, rifle
mzacaku (ma-za-cha-koo) [mzku] n. railroad <tracks>
mazanasla (ma-za-na-soo-la) [mznsul] n. computer <see also: iycika yaka>
mzaSala - (ma-za-sha-la) [mzl] n. penny, one cent
mzaska - (ma-za-ska) [mzsk] n. money <see also: kasppi>
mzaska owpi - (ma-za-ska o-wa-pee) [mzsk owpi] n. bill, paper money <see also: wjica
owpi>
mzaska zpta owpi - (zap-ta o-wa-pee) [mzsk zpt owpi] n. five dollar bill
mzaska zi - (ma-za-ska zee) [mzsk zi] n. gold

15

LAKOTIYA/WAICU
mazaSkSka - (ma-za-shka-shka) [mzkk] 1. adv. oclock. <(the) hour; mazaSkSka
dpa (yelo). - it is four oclock. see also: oPe (hour) > 2. n. a clock <literally iron that moves
(around)>
midkoyasi (mee-dtak-o-ya-see) [midtkojsi] interj. all my relations <shortened form, see:
midkuye oysi>
midkuye oysi (mee-tak-oo-yay o-ya-seen) [mitkuj ojsi] interj. all my relations, all my
relatives <see dakuya, midkoyasi>
milahska - (mee-la-ha-ska) [milhsk] n. American <long knife (U.S. Cavalry sabres)>
miS - (meesh) [mi] adv. I am also, me too <see also: mSiya>
mSiya - (mee-shee-ya) [miij] adv. I am also, me too <see also: miS>
mis - (mee-soo) [misu] n. younger brother
mitwa - (mee-ta-wa) [mitw] pron. Mine <belonging to me>
Miwatni (mee-wa-ta-nee) [miwtni] n. Mandan
mye - (mee-yay) [mij] pron. I, myself <see also: miS>
mni - (mnee) [mni] n. water
Mni Kta oTwahe - (mnee kXa-ta o-tXoo-wa-hay) [mnikxt otxowh] n. Hot Springs, SD
Mni lzaha wakp oTwahe - (mnee loo-za-ha wak-pa o-tXoo-wa-hay) [mniluzh wkp
otxuwh] n. Rapid City, SD
mniHha - (mnee-hXoo-ha) [mnihxuh] n. cloth
mniHhaska - (mnee-hXoo-ha-ska) [mnihxuhsk] n. 1. paper. 2. white cloth.
mniskuya (mnee-ee-skoo-ya) [mniiskuj] n. lemonade <see also: mniskya>
Mnikju - (mnee-ko-zhoo) [mnikou] n. "plants-by-the-stream" <division of the Sioux; Cheyenne
River Reservation>
mniwaca (mnee-o-wa-cha) [mniow] n. ocean
mnipGa - (mnee-pee-gXa) [mnipigx] n. 1. bubbling or boiling water. 2. beer <refers to the carbonation
in beer hence: bubbling water
mnispawicazo - (mnee-sa-pa wee-cha-zo) [mnispwizo] n. pen
mniSca - (mnee-shee-cha) [mnii] n. alcohol <see also: mniwaK (Pine Ridge)>
mniskya - (mnee-skoo-ya) [mniskuj] n. 1. salt. 2. lemonade <see also: mniskuya> 3. anything
flavorful.
mniskyakuje - (mnee-skoo-ya-koo-zheh) [mniskujku] n. diabetes
mniwaK - (mnee-wa-kXa) [mniwkx] n. alcohol <see also: mniSca (Rosebud)>
mniwaK ikjapi - (mnee-wa-kXa ee-koo-zha-pee) [mniwkx ikupi] n. alcoholism
N
na - (na) [n] conj. and <see also: Ko, naK>

16

LAKOTIYA/WAICU
naC - (na-ja) [n] n. 1. chief. 2. headman. <archaic word, pre-reservation word for 'chief'; see also:
itca>
nacce - (na-chay-chay) [n] adv. probably, I suppose <placed at end of statements to indicate
probability>
naG (na-gXee) [ngxi] n. soul, spirit <a persons> <see also: wanGi, naGla, Sic>
naGla (na-gXee-la) n. soul, spirit <an animals; see also: wanGi, naG, Sic>
nahHrci - (na-haX chee) [nhxi] prep. not yet
naHrn - (nahX on) [nhxon] v. to hear [nawHron, nayHron, naHrn, naHronpi, nayHronpi, naHrnpi]
niS - (na-eesh) [ni] conj. or
nakS - (na-kaysh) [nk] adv. now <see also: wan, lehl>
naK - (na-kXoo) [nku] conj. and <see also: na, Ko>
napcuka - (nap-chee-u-ka) [npiuk] n. nine
nap - (na-pay) [np] n. hand, hands
naps (nap-sa) [nps] n. finger(s)
nasla - (na-soo-la) [nsul] n. brain <masla my brain>
nat (na-ta) [nt] n. head
natyazan pejta - (na-ta-ya-zan pay-zhoo-ta) [ntjz put] n. aspirin <"head-pain medicine>
natayaz (na-ta-ya-za) [ntjz] n. a headache
ni - (nee) [ni] v. 1. to live. 2. to breathe [wan, yan, ni, unpi, yanpi, npi] <see also: wicni (life),
wiczani (healthy life)>.
nihciya - (nee-hee-chee-ya) [nihiij] v. to be scared [nihimiciya, nihiniciya, nihiciya,
nihiukiciyapi, nihiniciyapi, nihiciyapi]
niS (neesh) [ni] pron. you <see also: niy>
niTwa - (nee-tXa-wa) [nitxw] adj. your <see also: niTwapi>
niTwapi - (nee-tXa-wa-pee) [nitxwpi] adj. yours <addressed to you all, a group; see also: niTwa>
niy - (nee-yay) [nij] pron. you <see also: niS>
nGe - (noo-gXay) [nugx] n. ear(s) <nGe ni wnice (yelo). you dont listen!>
npa - (noo-pa) [nup] n. two
O
o (o) [o] v. to hit a target shooting, to shoot <a bow or gun> and hit [wao, yao, o, ukropi, yaopi, opi]
<see also: aP>.
okake - (o-a-ka-kay) [okk] n. chair
oPe - (o-a-pXay) [opx] n. hour <see also: mazaSkaSkaN>
ob - (ob) [ob] prep. with <see also: fic>
oblya - (o-bla-ya) [oblj] n. prairie
octi - (o-chay-tee) [oti] n. 1. fireplace. 2. stove. 3. campfire, fire-pit <in a tipi; see also: Pta, il>

17

LAKOTIYA/WAICU
octi Sakwi - (o-chay-tee sha-ko-wee) [oti kowi] n. the Seven Council Fires <of the Sioux;
the alliance of the seven bands of the Lakta>
Oglla - (o-gla-la) [ogll] n. "Scatter-their-own" <division of the Sioux; Pine Ridge Reservation>
gle (o-glay) [ogl] n. shirt
Ogle lta - (o-glay loo-ta) [ogl lut] n. Red Shirt, SD
gleSa (o-gleh-sha) [ogl] n. an englishman
gleSka - (o-glay-sho-ka) [oglok] n. jacket
oh - (o-ha) [oh] interj. 1. yes. 2. I see <in answer to a statement, indicates understanding; see
also: ah, hau (male), ha, To (fem.), ho>.
ohtika - (o-hee-tee-ka) [ohitik] v. brave, to be [omahtika, onihtika, ohtika, ouhtikapi, onihtikapi,
ohtikapi] <see also: cattriza>
oHlte - (ohX-la-tay) [ohxll] prep. under
ohmni - (o-ho-mnee) [ohomni] prep. around
oHpye tpi - (ohX-pa-yay tee-pee) [ohxpj tipi] n. hotel <see also: oHpyeti>
oHpyeti - (ohX-pa-yeh-tee) [ohxpjti] n. hotel <see also: oHpye tpi>
oe - (o-ee-ay) [oi] n. 1. word. 2. saying, speech.
ohe - (o-ee-hay) [oih] n. bathroom <ohe tipi - out-house>
oyokpi (o-ee-yok-pee) happy
ojNjaNglepi - (o-zha-zha-glay-pee) [ozhzhglpi] n. window
okHniGa (o-kahX-nee-gXa) [okhxnigx] v. to understand [owkaHniGa, oykaHniGa, okHniGa,
oNkaHniGapi, oykaHniGapi, okHniGapi] <see also: iykcaN>
oksukute - (o-ka-soo-koo-tay) [oksukut] n.casino
okSke - (o-ka-shkay) [okk] n. jail
oKte - (o-kXa-tay) [okxt] n. hot <weather; oKte (yelo). - it is hot.; see also: Kate>
okhi - (o-kee-hee) [okihi] v. to be able to do <something> [owakihi, oyakihi, okihi, ukokihipi,
oyakihipi, okihipi]
okse - (o-kee-say) [okis] adj. half <MazaSkSka wahhaL dpa i sam okse (yelo). - Its about four
thirty.>
okya - (o-kee-ya) [okij] v. to help [waokiye, yaokiye, okye, ukokiyapi, yaokiyapi, okiapi]
oKzi (o-kXee-zee) [okxizi] v. to heal <from a wound or injury> [omaKizi, oniKizi, oKizi, ouNKizipi,
oniKizipi, oKizipi] <see also: aPya, waPya (through a ceremony)>
ok - (o-ko) [oko] n. week
oklakiciye - (o-ko-la-kee-chee-yay) [okolkiij] club, society, group <Tokla oklakiciye - (the) Kit
Fox Society >
okje - (o-koo-zhay) [oku] n. sickness <see also: kje, Pamn (runny nose), gaj (diarrhea)>
okje tpi - (o-koo-zha-tee-pee) [oku tipi] n. hospital
okje tpi awke - (o-koo-shay tee-pee a-wa-kay) [oku tipi wk] n. I.H.S. <Indian Health
Service>

18

LAKOTIYA/WAICU
okje tpi Ckrala - (o-koo-zhay tee-pee jeek a-la) [oku tipi ikl] n. clinic
ol (o-lay) [ol] v. 1. to search <for something>. 2. to hunt. [owale, oyale, ole, uNkolepi, oyalepi, olepi]
<see also: kwa>
olwa - (o-lo-wa) [olow] n. music <see also: lowpi, lowpi teca>
maKa - (o-ma-kXa) [omkx] n. year <see also: wanyetu>
omsoPe - (o-mas-o-pxay) [omsopx] n. telephone <see also: masrapa>
mna - (om-na) [omn] v. to smell [owamna, oyamna, omna, oumnapi, oyamnapi, omanpi]
omnca - (om-nee-cha) [omni] n. bean
omnciye - (om-nee-chee-yeh) [omniij] n. meeting
osp - (o-spay) [osp] v. to learn [omspe, oyspe, osp, ukspepi, oyspepi, osppi]
Ohenupa - (o-o-heh-noo-pa) [oohnup] n. "two-kettles" <division of the Sioux; Cheyenne River
Reservation>
opwiGe - (o-pa-wee-gXay) [opwigx] n. one hundred
oPtu - (o-pXay-too) [opxtu] v. to buy [opxwatu, opxyatu, opxtu, opxutupi, opxyatupi,
opxtupi]
oSceca - (o-shee-chay-cha) [oi] storm, bad or stormy weather. <see also: wakya agl, wakya
hotN>
oScecake (o-shee-cheh-cha-keh) [oik] adj. really bad weather, stormy
oskyacake (o-skoo-ya-cha-keh) [oskujk] adj. sour, bitter
osn - (o-snee) [osni] adj. cold <osn (yelo). - it is cold.>
osn oblspe - (o-snee o-bloo-speh) [osni oblusp] n. a cold, flu <see also: kzha>
oStgla - (osh-teh-gla) [otgl] n. belittling gossip, talking bad about someone <behind their back>
ta - (o-ta) [ot] adj. many, a lot
otHi (o-teh-hXee) [othxi] adj. 1. hard, difficult. 2. extremely hung-over <slang; see also: kJa, tHi>.
otHika - (o-teh-hXee-ka) [othxik] adj. something hard to do or endure, a difficult way, difficult
circumstances
oTwahe - (o-tXoo-wa-hay) [otxuwh] n. town
oNye (o-oo-yay) [ouj] v. 1. to live someplace temporarily. 2. to hang out somewhere <slang>
[owauNye, oyauNye, ouNye, ouNkuNyapi, oyauNyapi, ouNyapi] <see also: ti>.
wa - (o-wa) [ow] n. color
ow (o-wa) [ow] v. to write [owwa, oywa, ow, owapi, oywapi, owpi]
owkpamni - (o-wak-pam-nee) [owkpmni] n. agency
Owkpamni - (o-wak-pa-mnee) [owkpmni] n. Pine Ridge, SD
owkayujajapi aptu - (o-wa-ka-yoo-zha-zha-pee a-pay-too) [owkjupi ptu] n.
Saturday

19

LAKOTIYA/WAICU
owStecake - (o-wash-tay-cha-kay) [owtk] adj. really nice, good
owStegla (o-wash-tay-gla) [owtgl] adv. felling good (from alcohol), "buzzed"
OwaTksu oTwahe - (o-wa-tXok-soo o-tXoo-wa-hay) [owtoksu otxuwh] n. Rushville, NE
owyaSla - (o-wa-ya-shla) [owjl] n. pasture
owyawa - (o-wa-ya-wa) [owjw] n. school
owja - (o-wee-zha) [owi] n. quilt
owcekiye - (o-wo-chay-kee-yay) [owokij] n. church
owtetipi - (o-wo-tay-tee-pee) [owottipi] n. restaurant, caf
oyas - (o-ya-si) [ojsi] adj. all, everyone <prob. Santee origin; see also: duwki>
oyte - (o-ya-tay) [ojt] n. 1. a people. 2. nation, tribe <Lakota Oyate fi - the Lakota Nation>
oyte ptyela - (o-ya-tay pta-yay-la) [ojt ptjl] n. unity
oyte Tkeca wawHtelaSni - (o-ya-tay to-kay-cha wa-wee-hXtay-la-shnee) [ojt txok
wwihxtlni] n. racism
OyHpe - (o-yoohX-pay) [ojuhxp] n. Manderson, SD
ozye - (o-zoo-yay) [ozuj] n. war
P
pah - (pa-ha) [ph] n. butte
pah spa - (pa-ha sa-pa) [ph sp] n. the Black Hills <modern; see also: He spa>
Pahn Snte - (pa-heen seen-tay) [phin sint] n. Porcupine, SD
Pah - (pXa-hee) [pxhi] n. porcupine
palni - (pa-la-nee) [plni] n. Pawnee
Pamn - (pXa-mnee) [pxmni] n. runny nose <see also: kja>
P - (pxa) [px] n. bag
Pas - (pXa-soo) [pxsu] n. nose
Peh - (pXay-heeN) [pxhi] n. hair <human; see also: hi (animal)>
pej - (pay-zhee) [pi] n. 1. grass. 2. marijuana <slang>.
pejHota - (pXay-zhee-hXo-ta) [pihxot] n. sage, sagebrush
pejta - (pay-zhoo-ta) [put] n. medicine
Pejta Hka - (pay-zhoo-ta hXa-kXa) [put hxk] n. Kyle, SD
pejta spa - (peh-zhoo-ta sa-pa) [put sp] n. coffee <see also: waklapi, waklyapi>
Pta - (pXay-ta) [pxt] n. fire <see also: octi, il>
pi - (pee) [pi] encl. <both male & female usage: plural; lel tipi (yelo). - they live here.>
pikla - (pee-kee-la) [pikil] adj. thankful
pilmaya (pee-la-ma-ya) [pilmj] interj. thank you <pilmaya (yelo/ye) thank you>
pispza - (pees-pee-za) [pispiz] n. prairie dog

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LAKOTIYA/WAICU
pro - (p o) [po] n. fog
psloka (psa-lo-ka) [pslok] n. Crow <member of the Crow tribe; see also: Kxagx wicSa>
psca - (psee-cha) [psi] v. to jump [wapsice, yapsice, psice, upsicapi, yapsicapi, psicapi]
psi - (psee) [psi] n. rice
pSi - (pshee) [pi] n. onion
ptaytu - (pta-yay-too) [ptjtu] n. Autumn, Fall
pte - (ptay) [pt] n. bison, buffalo <bison bison; see also: tatxka (bison or bison bull), pte wyala
(bison cow), pte hcila (bison calf)>
pte blSka - (ptay blay-shka) [ptblk] coloq. n. cow <coloquial to Pine Ridge; see also: pte glSka,
ptewanyapi>
pte glSka - (ptay glay-shka) [ptglk] coloq. n. cow <coloquial to Eagle Butte; see also: pte blSka,
ptewanyapi>
pte hcala - (ptay hee-chee-la) [pthiill] n. bison calf
pte uye - (ptay o-u-yay) [pt ouj] n. bison pasture
pte wyala - (ptay wee-ya-la) [pt wijl] n. bison cow
ptcela - (ptay-chay-la) [ptl] adj. short <pteptecela plural; they/those are short>
Ptehcala Ska Wi (ptay-hee-chee-la ska wee) [pthil sk wi] n. White Buffalo Calf
Woman
ptele - (ptay-o-lay) [ptol] n. cowboy <see also: Snkafal wicSa>
ptewanyapi - (ptay-wan-ee-ya-pee) [ptwnijpi] coloq. n. cow <coloquial; Standing Rock
reservation only; see also: pte blSka, pte glSka>
qqa - (bpa-bpa) [bpbp] dried meat <see also: Tlo, wakPapi>
qatta - (bpa-tee-ta) [bptit] v. to push [waqtita, yaqtita, qatta, uqtitapi, yaqtitapi,
qattapi]
S
sa (s a) [sa] suff. to like to do (something) <follows verb; wicSa he fiN wotasa (yelo). that man
likes to eat; see also: waStlaka>
Sa - (sha) [] adj. red <see also: lta>
SaglGa - (sha-glo-gXa) [glogx] n. eight
Sahyela - (sha-hee-yay-la) [hijl] n. Cheyenne.
Sakhaska - (shak-ay-ha-ska) [khsk] n. grizzly bear <long claws; see also: maT>
Sakwi - (sha-ko-wee) [kowi] n. seven
Skpe - (shak-pay) [kp] n. six
sam - (sam) [sm] prep. more than, beyond <wikcmna npa sam npa - twenty-two; sam Sce worse (lit. more bad)>

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LAKOTIYA/WAICU
Sa (sha) [] n. vagina
spa - (sa-pa) [sp] adj. 1. black. 2. dark. 3. dirty.
Spau - (sa-pa-oo) [spu] 1. adj. Roman Catholic. 2. n. a Catholic priest. 3. n. a Catholic <someone
of that faith>
sce - (seh-chay) [s] interj. seemingly, I think <placed at end of statements to indicate uncertainty;
Le yaci Sni, sece. - I dont think you want this>
si (see) [si] n. foot, feet
Sic - (sheech ay) [i] fem. n. brother-in-law
Sca - (shee-cha) [i] 1. n. bad. 2. to be bad [maSce, niSce, Sce, uScapi, niScapi, Scapi]
SicGu - (shee-cha-gXoo) [igxu] n. "burnt-thighs" <division of the Sioux, aka "Brul"; Rosebud
and Lower Brul Reservations>
SiCSi (shee-jeh-shee) [idi] fem. n. male cousin <see also: cePNSi (fem. female cousin), haNkSi (m.
female cousin), TahNSi (m. male cousin)>
Sic - (shee-choo) [iu] n. soul, spirit <of an inanimate object; see also: wanGi, nGi, nGila>
Sihsapa - (see-ha-sa-pa) [sihsp] n. "black-feet" <division of the Sioux; Standing Rock>
SinhiSma - (shee-na-hee-shma) [inhim] n. buffalo robe
Si - (shee) [i] n. fat <of meat>
sit - (see-tay) [sit] n. tail
ska - (ska) [sk] white; clean
Ska - (shka) [k] 1. n. sky. 2. v. to do, to act; to move about [waSk, yaSk, Sk, uSkpi,
yaSkpi, Skpi]
SkaSk (shka-shka) [kk] adj. pulsating, beating, reverberating <like a heart or a drum;
something pulsating, coming into life, a mysterious, rhythmic motion; dku SkaSk God>
Skta - (shka-ta) [kt] v. 1. to play. 2. to woo, to court someone. [waSkte, yaSkte, Skte, uSkatapi,
yaSktapi, Sktapi]
Ske (shkay) [k] interj. it is said, so they say <see also: eypelo, ya>
Skpela - (shko-pay-la) [kopl] 1. adj. crooked, bent. 2. n. banana; <see also: ziSkopela>
skuya - (skoo-ya) [skuj] adj. 1. flavorful. 2. sweet <tasting; see also: waStemna (sweet smelling)>
skyakuja (skoo-ya-koo-zha) [skujku] n. diabetes
Sla - (shla) [l] adj. bald
SlSla (shla-shla) [ll] 1. mangy. 2. balding in spots <as with ringworm>.
sloh - (slo-ha) [sloh] v. to crawl [waslohe, yaslohe, slohe, uslohapi, yaslohapi, slohapi]
sloly - (slo-lya) [slolj] v. to know [slolwye, slolyye, sloly, slolyapi, slolypi, sllyapi]
Sni - (shnee) [ni] encl. not <both male & female usage: negative; iblable Sni. - I did not go>
Skela - (sho-kay-la) [okl] n. quarter, twenty-five cents

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LAKOTIYA/WAICU
Spayla (spa-yo-la) [spyol] n. 1. Mexican. 2. Spanish <language>.
Snk (shoonk) [unk] n. horse <see also: Sukawak, hiTo (roan), higleSka (apaloosa)>
Snkafal wicSa (shoonk-a-gkal wee-cha-sha) [unkkl wi] n. horseman <see also:
ptele>
Sunkmnitu Tka - (shook-ma-ni-too tXa-ka) [ukmnitu txk] n.wolf
SGila - (shoo-gXee-la) [ugxil] fox <see also: tokla (kit fox)>
Ska - (shoo-ka) [uk] n. 1. dog. 2. any domestic animal with four legs <SukawaK, Ska, igm
Ska, etc.>
Ska waK - (shoo-ka-wa-ka) [uk wk] n. horse <literally holy dog; see also: Sunk, hiTo
(roan), higleSka (apaloosa)>
Sukmnitu - (shook-ma-nee-too) [ukmnitu] n. cayote
SuKpla - (shookX-pa-la) [ukxpl] n. puppy
SSula (shoo-shoo-la) [uul] n. mule
sus (soo-soo) [susu] n. penis
sut (soo-ta) [sut] adj. strong
T
ta - (ta) [t] pron. pref. his, her, its <"their" with -pi added to end; converts nouns to adverbs>
Ta - (tXa) [tx] poss. adj. belonging to [miTwa, niTwa, Twa, ufTawapi, niTwapi, Twapi] maKce
miTwa - my land
Tagkja - (tXa-gko-zha) [txko] n. grandchild
TahNSi - (tXa-ha-shee) [txhi] male n. male cousin <see also: cePNSi (fem. female cousin),
haNkSi (male female cousin), SiCSi (fem. male cousin)>
THca - (tXahX-cha) [txhx] n. deer
THca Skala - (tXahX-cha shoo-ka-la) [txhx ukl] n. sheep <domesticated; see also:
hecSka - Bighorn sheep>
Tah (tXa-hoo) [txhu] n. neck
TaSni wi - (tXa-ee-shnee wee) [txini] not-showing-up month <extra month depending on year;
came between March and April, if at all; akin to Leap Year>
Tajska - (tXa-zhoo-ska) [txusk] n. ant
Tal - (tXa-lo) [txlo] n. meat <fresh; see also: wakqaqi, qqa>
TamnoHpi - (tXam-nee-ohX-pee) [txmniohxpi] n. 1. fig. 2. fig tree.
Tfafa - (tXa-gka-gka) [txkk] n. elders <"great ones">
Tah - (tXa-ha) [txh] male n. brother-in-law
Tka - (tXa-ka) [txk] adj. 1. great, large <see also: hoH>. 2. fat <see also: bub, cpa>.

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LAKOTIYA/WAICU
Tak - (tXa-kay) [txk] male n. older sister
TakS - (tXak-shee) [txki] male n. younger sister
Tan - (tXa-nee) [txni] adj. old, worn out
tya - (ta-ya) [tj] adv. really, truly
Tpa Wakyeyapi (ta-pa wa-ka-yay-ya-pee) [txp wkjjpi] n. Sacred Ball Game
<ceremony>
Taskkpa - (tXa-skak-pa) [txskkp] n. tick
TaSneca - (tXash-na-eh-cha) [txn] n. squirrel
Tasp - (tXa-spa) [txsp] n. apple
Tasp pstola - (ta-spa peh-sto-la) [txsp ptol] n. pear
TasphiSma - (tXa-spa-hee-shma) [txsphim] n. peach
Taspzi - (ta-spa-zee) [tspzi] n. orange
taTka - (ta-tXa-ka) [ttxk] n. bison, bison bull <see also: pte - bison or bison cow; pte hicila bison calf>
Tat - (tXa-tay) [txt] 1. n. wind. 2. adj. windy <lla Tat (yelo). - it is very windy.>
Twa - (tXa-wa) [txw] adj. his/her
Twapi - (tXa-wa-pee) [txwpi] adj. theirs
tawcu - (tXa-wee-choo) [txwiu] n. wife <miTwicu - my wife>
Taw (tXa-wee) [txwi] n. wife
Tca - (tXay-cha) [tx] adj. 1. new. 2. modern.
teH - (tay-hXee) [thxi] adj. 1. hard, difficult. 1. hung-over <modern slang; see also: kje>
teH wi - (tay-hXee wee) [thxi wi] n. January <"hardship moon">
teHla - (tay-hXee-la) [thxila] v. 1. to love. 2. to value highly. [mateHla, niteHla, teHla, utHilapi,
niteHlapi, teHlapi]
teHmGa - (tehX-moo-gXa) [thxmugx] n. bee
Temn (tXaym-nee) [txmni] n. sweat <perspiration; see also: inpi (sweat lodge ceremony)>
tez (tay-zee) [tzi] n. stomach, belly
ti - (tee) [ti] v. to live, to dwell [wat, yat, ti, utpi, yatpi, tpi] <see also: oNye>
tibl - (tee-blo) [tiblo] fem. n. older brother
tNpsila - (teep-see-la) [timpsil] n. wild turnip
tNpsila wi - (teep-see-la wee) [tipsil wi] n. June <"wild turnip moon"; see also: wipzutkan waSt
wi>
tiSpaye - (tee-osh-pa-yay) [tiopj] n. 1. family <extended>, relatives. 2. community.
tipstola - (tee-pes-to-la) [tipstol] n. lodge, tipi <see also: tpi>

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LAKOTIYA/WAICU
tpi - (tee-pee) [tipi] n. house, lodge <see also: tipstola>
tiwhe - (tee-wa-hay) [tiwh] n. family <see also: tiSpaye (extended), dakye (relatives)>
tiypa - (tee-yo-pa) [tiyop] n. 1. doorway. 2. entrance.
tiySlo - (tee-yo-shlo) [tijolo] n. cricket
tiyslohapi tipi - (tee-yoo-slo-ha-pee tee-pee) [tiyuslohpi tipi] n. trailer house <a house that can
be dragged around>
To - (tXo) [txo] adj. blue
Toj - (tXo-zha) [txo] fem. n. niece <see also: toj (male)>
Tka - (tXo-ka) [txok] n. 1. enemy. 2. Indian <not Lakota>
tokheya (to-ka-hay-ya) [tokhj] adj. the first, the original
Tokla - (tXo-ka-la) [txokl] n. kit fox <see also: SKila>
Tkca - (tXok-cha) [txok] adj. different
Toj - (tXo-zha) [txo] male n. niece < see also: toj (fem.)>
ToSk - (txo-shka) [txok] male n. nephew < see also: ToSk (fem.)>
TSa - (tXo-sa) [txo] adj. purple
ToSk - (to-shka) [tok] fem. n. nephew < see also: toSka (male)>
TTo - (tXo-tXo) [txotxo] adj. green
tra - (t/a) [d] v. to die [matr, nitr, tre, utrpi, nitrpi, trpi]
TukSila - (tXun-ka-shee-la) [txukil] n. 1. grandfather. 2. God. <generally a term of great respect>.
TukSila woPe wabsi wicSa - (tXoo-ka-shee-la wo-o-pXay wa-ba-see wee-cha-sha) [txukil
woopx wbpsi wi] n. F.B.I. agent
Tuw - (too-wee) [txuwi] n. aunt <fathers sisters; mothers sisters are called in>

d
da - (dta) [dt] prep. 1. to. 2. at <see also: ekd>
dakdkanu (dtak-dto-ka-noo) [dtkdtoknu] interj. what are you doing? < dku dkanu (hwo/he)?
whats up?; sometimes shortened to: dakdku what is he doing?>
dku - (dta-koo) [dtku] adv. what <general; see also: dukdl -what (specific)>
dku (dta-koo) [dtku] pron. 1. what. 2. that which, the thing that...
dkuni (dta-koo-nee) [dtkuni] 1. n. zero <see also: dkuSni> 2. pron. nothing <dkuni Snya - "nothing
but; only" Q:dku ca lha hwo? A: wyute dkuni Snya bluh yelo. - "I have only food">
dkuSni (dta-koo-shnee) [dtkuni] n. zero <see also: dkuni>
dakye - (dta-koo-yay) [dtkuy] n. relatives, relations <midakuye oyasi - all my relatives [often
pronounced (mee-dtak o-ya-si)>
do (dto) [dto] fem. interj. yes <see also: hau (male), ha, ho, oha>

25

LAKOTIYA/WAICU
dob dob fi - (dtob dtob gkee) [dtob dtob ki] n. God <the Four times Four (old Lakta pantheon);
see also: TukSila, WakTaka>
dha - (dto-ha) [dtoh] adv. when <past only; see also: dohl - when (future/present), wadhal>
dohl - (to-hal) [dtohl] adv. when <future/present; see also: dhaN -when (past), wadhal>
dKa - (dto-kXa) [dtokx] adv. why <question; dKa hwo - whats going on?>
dKahe (dto-kXa-heh) [dtokxh] adj. gone, missing
dkca - (dtok-cha) [dtok] 1. n. something wrong <with something or someone> 2. interj. whats
wrong? <dkca (hwo/he)?>
dkeHci - (dto-kay-hxchee) [dtokhxi] adv. however
dkel - (dto-kayl) [dtokl] adv. how, in what way
dkeSke - (dto-kaysh-kay) [dtokk] adv. how <see also: dokel>
dkiya - (dto-kee-ya) [dtokij] adv. where <see also: dukdtl>
dkSa - (dtok-sha) [dtok] adv. 1. later, soon <see also: ecna, ecna>. 2. good-bye. <(Ill see you)
later> 3. eventually, in due time.
dona - (dto-na) [dton] adv. how many
dnakca - (dto-nak-cha) [dtonk] adj. 1. some, a few. 2. how many, how much.
dpa - (dto-pa) [dtop] n. four
dSke (dtosh-keh) [dtok] interj. how are you? <greeting; self-contained question (does not require
he or hwo); dSke ya u (hwo/he) how are you?>
duK - (dtoo-kXa) [dtukx] conj. but, however
dukdl - (dtook-dtayl) [dtukdtl] adv. 1. where <see also: dkiya>. 2. adv. what <specific; see also: dkiya
-what (general)>.
duw - (dtoo-wa) [dtuw] pron. who <see also: duw>
duw - (dtoo-way) [dtuw] pron. who <see also: duw>
duwki - (dtoo-weh-kee) [duwki] n. everyone <see also: oysi>
U
u - (oo) [u] v. to be [wa, ya, u, ukpi, yapi, pi] <see also: hca, e, yaNk>
uc - (oo-chee) [ui] n. grandmother
ugn - (oo-gna) [ugn] adv. perhaps, maybe <placed at beginning of statements; see also: ugnS>
ugnS - (oo-gnash) [ugn] adv. maybe, possibly <placed at beginning of statements; see also:
ugn>
ujjitka - (oo-zhee-zheet-ka) [uiitk] n. tomato
ukcGi - (ook-chay-gXee) [ukgxil] n. Filth of Creation, a certain monster who is a harbinger of
misfortune <often described as a bigfoot>
ukcGila - (oo-chay-gXee-la) [ugxil] n. magpie <see also: halhte>

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LAKOTIYA/WAICU
ukcla - (ook-chay-la) [ukl] n. peyote, mescal bean
ukS - (oo-keesh) [uki] pron. 1. we <see also: ukye> 2. us.
ukye - (oo-kee-yay) [ukij] pron. we <see also: ukS>
Sika - (oo-shee-ka) [uik] 1. adj. "pitiful," poor. 2. v. to be humble, poor [umSike, unSike,
Sike, uSikapi, unSikapi, Sikapi] 3. n. a person who is poor or humble.
uzGe - (oo-zo-gXay) [uzogx] n. pants, jeans, trousers
W
wa - (wa) [w] n. snow <see also: whihe>
wablSka - (wa-bloo-shka) [wblusk] n. insect <general term>
wacGa (wa-cha-gXa) [wgx] n. sweetgrass
wacte ognke (wa-cha-tay og-na-kay) [wt ognk] n. generosity <see also:
wactognaka>
wactognaka (wa-cha-tog-na-ka) [wtognk] n. generosity <see also: wacte ognke>
wac - (wa-chee) [wi] v. to dance [wawci, wayci, wac, wacipi, waycipi, wacpi]
wacya - (wa-chee-ya) [wij] v. 1. to trust in <somebody or something>, to depend upon
[wacwaye, wacyaye, wacuyapi, wacyayapi, wacyapi] 2. I trust in you/I depend on you
[wacciye, wacciyapi].
wacyapi (wa-chee-ya-pee) [wijpi] n. 1. trust, confidence. 2. faith. 3. reliability.
wacpi - (wa-chee-pee) [wipi] n. 1. a pow wow. 2. v. they dance <see also: wac>
wadhal - (wa-dto-hal) [wdtohl] adv. 1. when. 2. sometimes.
wadKa (wa-dtoo-kXa) [wdtukx] v. to be exhausted [wamduKa, wanduKa, wadKa, waduKapi,
wanduKapi, wadKapi] <see also: yuG (tired), Hwa (sleepy)>
waglwotapi - (wa-glay-wo-ta-pee) [wglwotpi] n. table
waglla - (wa-gloo-la) [wglul] n. worm, maggot
wagmza - (wa-gmee-za) [wgmiz] n. corn
wahcaka - (wa-ha-cha-ka) shield
wahha - (wa-hay-ha) adj. about, approximately <MazaSkSka wahha dpa i sam okse (yelo). Its about four thirty.>
whihe - (wa-hee-hay) [whih] v. it snows, it is snowing <Whihe (yelo). - it is snowing (out).
see also: icmna>
wahkpe - (wa-heek-pay) [whikp] n. arrow
waHpnica - (wahX-pa-nee-cha) [whxpni] adj. 1. poor, destitute. 2. unemployed.
waHp - (wahX-pay) tea <wahxp klyapi - hot tea; see also: ceyka>
waHpyutapi - (wahX-pay-yoo-ta-pee) cabbage
wakkqaqi - (wa-ka-pa-pee) [wkppi] n. pemmican <jerked meat; see also: Tal, qaq>
waklapi - (wa-kal-a-pee) [wklpi] n. coffee <modern; see also: pejta sapa, waKlyapi>
waKlyapi - (wa-kXal-ya-pee) [wkljpi] n. coffee <see also: pejta spa, waklapi>
waK - (wa-kXa) [wk] adj. 1. holy, sacred. 2. mysterious, inexplicable.

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LAKOTIYA/WAICU
waKglimaza - (wa-kXaN-glee ma-za) [wkglimz] n. uranium
WaKTka - (wa-kXa-tXa-ka) [wk txk] n. God, Great Spirit <see also: TukSila, dob dob
fi>
waKyeja - (wa-kXa-yay-zha) [wkj] n. baby <see also: hokScala, cca>
Wakya - (wa-kee-ya) [wkij] n. Thunder Being, Thunder Bird
wakya agl - (wa-kee-ya a-glee) [wkij] n. thunder < wakya agl (yelo). - it is storming;
see also: oSceca, wakya hotN>
wakya hotN - (wa-kee-ya ho-toN) [wkij hoto] n. thunder <see also: oSceca, wakya
agl>
wakp - (wak-pa) [wkp] n. river
wakpla (wak-pa-la) [wkpl] n. creek, stream
wakpmnipi wicu - (wak-pa-mnee-pee wa-ee-choo) [wkpmnipi wiu] n. government issued
commodities
wakSpi - (wak-shoo-pee) [wkupi] n. beadwork
wamKaSka - (wa-ma-kXa-shka) [wmkxk] n. 1. animals <all living creatures> 2. animal
<in general>.
wan - (wa-na) [wn] adv. now <see also: lehl, nakS>
wanGi (wa-na-gXee) [wngxi] n. ghost, spirit <a dead persons; see also: nGi, nGila, Sic>
WanGi Wacpi (wa-na-gXee wa-chee-pee) [wngxi wipi] n. Ghost Dance
wanGi wica ku - (wa-na-gXee wo-ee-cha koo) [wngxi woi ku] coloq. to offer <something> to
the spirits <see also: iyaHKiye, aHpeya>
WanGi Yuhpi (wa-na-gXee yoo-ha-pee) [wngxi juhpi] n. Ghost Keeping ceremony
wanHca - (wa-nahX-cha) [wnhx] n. flower
wancoka wi - (wa-nee-cho-ka wee) [wniok wi] December, "mid-winter moon"
wanha - (wa-nee-ha) [wnih] n. last winter <contraction of wayetu ha; see also: wanyetu>
Wankiya (wa-nee-kee-ya) [wnikij] n. Saviour, Christ <He who gives life>
Wankiya Tpi - (wa-nee-kee-ya tXoo-pee) [wnikij txupi] n. Christmas
wanyetu - (wa-nee-ye-too) [wnijtu] n. 1. winter. 2. year <see also: omKa>
wanyetu oyke - (wa-nee-yay-too o-ya-kay) [wnijtu ojk] n. winter count
wanyetu wi - (wa-nee-yay-too wee) [wnijtu wi] n. November, "winter moon/snowy moon"
wa - (wa) [w] 1. indef. art. a. 2. adj. one.
wa! (wa) [w] interj. look!, see?!
wabl - (wa-blee) [wbli] n. eagle <see also: ankasa, wablgleSka>
wablgleSka - (wa-blee-glay-shka) [wbliglk] n. eagle <spotted; see also: wabl, ankasa>
wac - (wa-chee) [wi] adj. one <in counting; see also: waj (one thing)>

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LAKOTIYA/WAICU
waj (wa-zhi) [wi] adj. one <wajla only one, just one; see also: wac>
wajla - (wa-zhee-la) [wil] n. one dollar <see also: wanjla owpi>
waklye Ciye - (wa-kal-yay eej-ee-yay) [wklj iij] v. to jump up [waklye mCiye, waklye
nCiye, wakalye Ciye, wakalye ukCiyapi, wakalye nCiyapi, wakalye Ciyapi]
waktakiya - (wa-ka-ta-kee-ya) [wktkij] adv. above, upwards
wayke - (wa-ya-ke) [wjk] v. to see [wablke, walke, wanyke, wayakapi,
wanlkapi, waykapi]
wayca - (wa-yay-cha) [wj] n. lightening bug
waHpayapi - (wa-ohX-pa-ya-pee) [wohxpjpi] n. pawn shop
wpaha - (wa-pa-ha) [wph] n. 1. spear, lance. 2. flag, banner <see also: wwapi>.
wapha - (wa-pa-ha) [wph] n. warbonnet
waPya (wa-pXee-ya) [wpxij] v. to heal ceremonially <see also: oKzi, aPya>.
waSke - (wa-sha-keh) [wk] v. to be strong [wamSake, wanSake, waSke, waSakapi, wanSakapi,
wSakapi]
waSca - (wa-shee-cha) [wi] n. 1. a dish, plate. 2. a bowl.
waScu - (wa-shee-choo) [wiu] n. 1. white <Caucasian> 2. English <language>.
waScu waK - (wa-shee-choo wa-kXa) [wiu wkx] n. doctor, medical doctor
waskyeca - (wa-skoo-yeh-cha) [wskuj] n. 1. candy. 2. fruit <in general>.
wsna - (was-na) [wsn] n. pounded meat, usually mixed with choke-cherries [a Lakota food]
waSt - (wash-tay) [wt] adj. good
waStlaka - (wa-shtay-la-ka) [wtlk] 1. v. to like <someone or something; see also: sa>
[waStewlake, waSteylake, waStlake, waStelakapi, waSteylakapi, waStlakapi]. 2. v. to be loved
[waStemlake, waStenlake, waStlake, waStemlakapi, waStenlakapi, waStlakapi].
waStmna - (wash-taym-na) [wtmn] adj. sweet, pleasant <smelling; see also: skya (sweet tasting)>
washihe - (wa-soo-hee-hay) [wsuhih] n. hail, hailing <weather>
waspekiya - (wa-oo-spay-kee-ya) [wuspkij] n. teacher
wawcak'upi - (wa-wee-chak oo-pee) [wwikupi] n. a give-away <ceremony; see also: wHpeyapi>
waytkeSni (wa-yat-keh-shnee) [wjtkni] n. sobriety <see also: besyu>
waywa - (wa-ya-wa) [wjw] n. student
waypike - (wa-yoo-pee-kay) [wyupik] v. 1. to be dexteritous or skillful with one's hands. 2. crafty <in
a good sense> [wamyupike, wanyupike, waypike, wayupikapi, wanpikapi, waypikapi].
waz - (wa-zee) [wzi] n. pine
Waz pha - (wa-zee pa-ha) [wzi ph] n. Pine Ridge <Reservation; see also: Owakpmni OTwahe>
wazyata - (wa-zee-ya-ta) [wzijt] n. North <direction>

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LAKOTIYA/WAICU
wazyatakiya - (wa-zee-ya-ta-kee-ya) [wzijtkij] n. North <direction; wazyata>
wtu - (way-too) [wtu] n. spring <season; see also: wiwla (of water)>
wi - (wee) [wi] n. 1. the sun. 2. a month.
wic - (wee-cha) [wi] pref. <prefixes verbs to make a generalization>
wicHcala - (wee-chahX-cha-la) [wihxl] n. old man
wicHpe - (wee-chahX-pay) [wihxp] n. star
wicHpe owja (wee-chahX-peh o-wee-zha) [wihxp owi] n. star-quilt
wicpajipa - (wee-cha-pa-zhee-pa) [wipip] n. wasp
wicSa - (wee-cha-sha) [wi] n. man
wicSa waK - (wee-cha-sha wa-kXa) [wi wkx] n. Holy Man, Medicine Man
wictra wi (wee-chat a wee) [wit wi] n. February <see also: canpopa wi>
wcazo - (wee-cha-zo) [wizo] n. pencil
Wicte kGapi - (wee-chee-tay ka-gxa-pee) [wiit kgxpi] n. Mt. Rushmore
wictegleGa - (wee-chee-tay-glay-gXa) [wiitglgz] n. raccoon
wicteowapi woyka - (wee-chee-tay-o-wa-pee wo-ya-ka) [wiitowpi wojk] n. television
wcofa - (wee-cho-gka) [wiok] n. noon
wicofhiyye - (wee-cho-gka-hee-ya-yeh) [wiokhijj ] n. midday, noon
wicofhiyye sam Htaytu (wee-cho-gka-hee-ya-yeh sam hXta-yeh-too) [wiokhijj sm
hxtjtu ] n. afternoon, pm
wicofyaSni - (wee-cho-gka-ya-shnee) [wiokjni] n. morning, a.m.
wicoHra - (wee-chohX a) [wiohx] n. 1. job, employment. 2. way of life. 3. ceremony. 4. gathering.
wicni - (wee-cho-nee) [wioni] n. life. <see also: wiczani (healthy life), ni (to live)>
wicti - (wee-cho-tee) [wioti] n. camp, village
wicti tpi - (wee-cho tee-pee) [wio tipi] n. housing cluster, H.U.D. housing
wiczani (wee-cho-za-nee) [wiozni] n. healthy life
wgli u kGapi (wee-glee oo ka-gXa-pee) [wigli u kgxpi] n. fry bread
whinPa - (wee-hee-na-pXa) [wihinp] n. East <see also: wiyhiyapatkiya>
wHpeyapi - (weehX-pay-ya-pee) [wihxpjpi] n. a Give-Away
wikcmna - (week-chaym-na) [wikmn] n. ten
wikcmna npa - (week-chaym-na noo-pa) [wikmn nup] n. twenty
wikSkalaka - (wee-ko-ska-la-ka) [wikoklk] n. young woman <see also: wiN, wNyaN, wiNHcala >
wmaheya - (wee-ma-hay-ya) [wimhj] n. West <see also: wiyHpeyata, wiyHpeyatkiya>
wi (wee) [wi] n. woman <see also: wNyaN, wiNHcala, wikSkalaka>
wiccala - (wee-chee-cha-la) [wiil] n. girl
wkte (wee-ktay) [wikt] n. homosexual, trans-sexual

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LAKOTIYA/WAICU
wiHcala - (wee-nuhX-cha-la) [wiuhxl] n. old woman <see also: wikSkalaka, wNyaN, wiN>
wya - (wee-ya) [wiy] n. woman <see also: wiN, wiNHcala, wikSkalaka>
wipjutkan waSt wi - (wee-pa-zhoot-kan wash-tay wee) [wiputkn wt wi] n. June, "June berries
moon" <see also: tpsila wi>
wStece - (wee-stay-chay) [wit] v. to by timid, shy [wmaStece, wniStece, wStece, wuStecapi,
wniStecapi, wStecapi]
witktkoke - (weet-ko-tko-kay) [witkotkok] adj. crazy, foolish
Wiwgke Wacipi - (wee-wa-gkay wa-chee-pee) [wiwk wipi] n. Sun Dance <ceremony>
wiwla - (wee-wee-la) [wiwil] n. spring <of water; see also: wtu (season)>
wyatkre - (wee-yatk ay) [wijtk] n. cup
wiywapi - (wee-ya-wa-pee) [wijwpi] n. calendar
wiyhiyapatkiya - (wee-yo-hee-ya-pa-ta-kee-ya) [wijohijptkij] n. East <see also: whinPa>
wiyHpeyata - (wee-yo-hXpay-ya-ta) [wijohxpjt] n. West <see also: wmahiya, wiyHpeyatkiya>
wiyHpeyatakiya - (wee-yo-hXpay-ya-ta-kee-ya) [wijohxpjtkij] n. West <see also: wmahiya,
wiyHpeyata>
wyoPeya - (wee-o-pXay-ya) [wijopxj] v. to sell, to trade [wyoPewaye, wyoPeyaye, wyoPeye,
wyoPeuyapi, wyoPeyayapi, wyoPeyapi]
wyukca (wee-yook-cha) [wiyuk] n. a thought
wo (wo) [wo] prefix <state of being, indicates a condition or process>
wglaka - (wo-gla-ka) [woglk] v. to talk, to speak [wwaglake, wyaglake, wglake, wuglakapi,
wyaglakapi, wglakapi]
whapi (wo-ha-pee) [wohpi] n. soup <Ska whapi (dog soup)>
wojpi wi - (wo-zhoo-pee wee) [woupi wi] n. May, "planting moon" <see also: cawPe to wi>
wkicuze - (wo-kee-chu-zay) [wokiuz] n. government
wokspe (wok-sa-pay) [woksp] n. wisdom
wlaKota - (wo-la-kXo-ta) [wolkxot] n. 1. peace. 2. friendship.
wlwicayapi (wol-wee-cha-ya-pee) [wolwijpi] n. a Feed, a feast
wmime - (wo-mee-may) [womim] n. circle
woohtika (wo-o-hee-tee-ka) [woohitik] n. courage, bravey <see also: ohtika, cattriza>
woPe - (wo-o-pXay) [woopx] n. law
wPeTu - (wo-pXay-too) [wopxtu] v. to shop [wPewaTu, wPeyaTu, wPeTu, wPeuTupi,
wPeyaTupi, wPeTupi]
wpila - (wo-pee-la) [wopil] n. Thanksgiving <ceremony>. 2. adj. thankful. 3. n. thankfulness.
wta - (wo-ta) [wot] v. to eat [wwate, wyate, wte, wutapi, wyatapi, wtapi] <see also: yta>
wuspe omnye - (wo-u-spay om-na-yay) [wousp omnj] n. computer <see also: mzanasla,
iycika yaka>

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LAKOTIYA/WAICU
wowci Taka (wo-wa-chee ta-ka) [wowi txk] adv. Respect <see also: yuniha>
wwapi - (wo-wa-pee) [wowpi] n. 1. book. 2. a paper. 2. a bill. 3. a flag <see also: wpaha>. 4. anything
written, or written on.
wwapi uwyaka - (wo-wa-pee oo-wo-ya-ka) [wowpi uwojk] n. newspaper
wwaSi et asnkiyapi - (wo-wa-shee ay-ta a-snee-kee-ya-pee) [wowi t asnikijpi] n.
holiday <resting from work>
wwicakSni (wo-wee-cha-keh-shnee) [wowikni] n. lies, falsehoods
wyaka (wo-ya-ka) [wojk] 1. n. tales, gossip, stories. 2. n. a gossip, someone who tells stories
<wyakesa; see also: oStgla>. 3. v. to tell stories, gossip or tales [wblake, wlake, wyake, wuyakapi,
wlakapi, wyakapi]
wyatke - (wo-yat-kay) [wojtk] v. to drink <alcohol, unless otherwise specified; see also: yatk>
[wblatke, wlatke, wyatke, wuyatkapi, wlatkapi, wyatkapi]
wyute - (wo-yoo-tay) [wojut] n. food
Y
ya - (ya) [j] v. to go [ble, le, ye, uNyapi, lapi, yapi] <see also: iyaya, yin kte>
ymni - (yam-nee) [jmni] n. three
yak - (ya-ka) [jk] v. 1. to sit. 2. to be settled in a place [mak, nak, yak, uykapi, nakpi,
ykapi] <see also: hca, e, u>
yatk - (yat-kay) [jtk] v. to drink <something; yatk must be used with a direct object: mni et blatk
(yel). - I (am) drink(ing) some water. See also: wyatke> [blatk, latk, yatk, uytkapi, latkpi,
yatkpi]
ye - (yay) [j] encl. <fem.: 1. ends commands. 2. formal address. (both forms: we after u)>
yel - (yay-lo) [jlo] encl. <male: ends statements (welo after u)>
ynkte - (yin-ktay) [jinkt] v. to go <future tense> [mnnkte, nnkte, ynkte, uypikte, lpikte, ypikte]
yo - (yo) [jo] encl. <male: ends commands (wo after u)>
yuG - (yoo-gXo) [jugxo] v. to be tired <see also: hwa, wadKa> [bluG, luG, yuG, uyGopi, luGpi,
yuGpi]
yuh - (yoo-ha) [juh] v. to have [bluh, luh, yuh, uyhapi, luhpi, yuhpi]
yujja (yoo-zha-zha) [ju] v. to wash, to clean [blujja, lujja, yujja, uyujjapi, lujjapi, yujjapi]
yummeya - (yoo-mee-meh-ya) [jumimj] v. to encircle, to surround
yuniha - (yoo-o-nee-ha) [juonih] adv. respect <see also: wowci Taka>
yupya - (yoo-pee-ya) [jupij] adv. very well <often a reply to "dSke ya (hwo/he)?">
yusk - (yoo-ska) [jusk] v. to clean [bluska, luska, yuska, uyuskapi, luskapi, yuskapi]
yta - (yoo-ta) [jut] v. to eat <something; yta must be used with a direct object: aGuyapi oSteka
akalegnaka fi yta (hwo/he)? - Did you eat the Indian taco? see also: wta> [wta, yta, yte,
uytapi, ytapi, ytapi]
yutta - (yoo-tee-tan) [jutit] v. to pull [blutta, lutta, yutta, uytitapi, luttapi, yuttapi]

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LAKOTIYA/WAICU
Yuwpi (yoo-wee-pee) [juwipi] n. Council with Spirits <healing ceremony>
Z
zpta - (zap-ta) [zpt] n. five
zi - (zee) [zi] adj. yellow
zitkla - (zeet-ka-la) [zitkl] n. bird
zSa - (zee-sha) adj. orange <color; see also: Taspzi (fruit)>
zSkopela - (zee-shko-pay-la) [zikopl] banana <see also: Skpela>
zuzca - (zoo-zay-cha) [zuz] n. snake

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