Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
1 +, 1 +

01 ' 5

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

Step Out From the Old to the New

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

Jawaharlal Nehru

IS 6461-4 (1972): Glossary of terms relating to cement

concrete, Part 4: Types of concrete [CED 2: Cement and
Concrete]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B

BharthariNtiatakam

Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

IS : 6461 iPart IV1 - 1972

( RcnNiied 2002
1997
( Reaffirmed
))

Indian Standard
GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING
CEMENT CONCRETE
PART

IV

TYPES

TO

OF CONCRETE

( Third Reprint APRIL 1999 )

UDC

B,UREAU
MXNAK

Gal

OF
RHAVAN,

001*4 : 66fjW2

INDIAN

STANDARDS

9 BAHADUR SHAH
NEW DELHI 110002

ZAFAA

MARG

July 1972

IS t 6461 ( Part IV) -1972

Indian Standard
GLOSSARYOF TERMS RELATING
CEMENT
PART

IV

CONCRETE

TYPES

OF

CONCRETE

Cemrnt

Rc.c:irch

11rfiririnllv~

C/wirn7an
DF. 11. c.

I(.I

vlsvEs\rAR.4Y\

Iz, s[itute of I,:,!ia,

F(c.v: Ilcil]i

\ Ir?nbrr,r

N<Lti[,nal -1cst I~OUSC, C:li~Lltt3

DR A. S. BIC.ADURI
SHRI 1;. K. 11.AMACXI.\~~RA~( A/fcra/e )
CctltraI
Building
Resrarch
It, stitutc
( ( SIR ).
SHR.I f]. K. CHATTERJI
Roorkcc
DR S. S. ll~IIsI ( A/ferrrat#)
Ccntr:~l Road
Rcscwch
Ins[it,.l:e
; CSIR ). Acw
DIRiZCrOR
Delhi
DR R. K. GIIOSH ( Altwrral? )
Central \Vater & Power Comrn,ssion,
Nciv Il=lhi
DIR13C~OR ( CSIVIRS )
D~PIJTY DIRECTOR ( CSMRS ) ( Altemaie )
A.lokudyog
Services Ltd, Ne\v Delhi
SImI K. C. (; IIOSAL
SHRI A. K. BIYWAS ( .4/ferncfr )
Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi
DR R. K. GHrMF~
The Associated
Cement Companies
I,td. Bombay
DR R. R. H.kmnirwkur
SHRI P. ,J. JAGUS ( Alternate)
Research,
Designs
&
Stall r!ards
0rganiz8ti,!l
JOINT
Dm ~c rorr , STANDARDS
Lucknow
(B&S)
DEPUTY DIRECTOR, STANDARDS
( B & S ) ( Alternate)
S. B. Joshi & Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. B. .Josm
Directorate
General of Supplies & Disposals
SHRr M. T. KANSE
Roads \\ing, Ministry
of ~ransport
& Shipping
%IRr KARTTK PRASAD
S~~RrS. L. KATHURIA ( .l/ternate )(
hf. N. Dastur & Co ( Private ) Ltd, Calcutta
The Cuncrcte Ass{, elation of In(lia, Bonlbay
Central Public TVorks Depmtmcnt

S. R. KULKARNI
SHRI M. A. MEHTA
SNRI O. MUTHACHEN
SUPERINTENLNNG ENGINEER,
2ND CIRCLE ( Alternate)
SHRI ERACH A. NADIRSHAH
SrrRr K. K, NAMBIAR

SHRI

BRm NARESH PRASAD

CoL J. M. ToLANr

The Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta

In personal
capacity
( Ranmnalaja

ll,,4F&t
Crescent
Park
Grrndhinagar,
Road,
Madras
20)
Engineer-in-Chiefs
Branch, Army EIeadquar erl

( Akwrate

)
( Continued

on @age 2 )

BUREAU
MANAK

OF
BHAVAN,

INDIAN
9 BAHADUR

NEW

DELHI

STANDARDS
SHAH

ZAFAR

MARG

110002

I,
,

IS: 6461(Part IV) -1972

( Continued

from page 1 )
Re@esenting

Members

Structural Engineering
Roorkee

PROP G. S. RAMASWAMY

DR N. S. BHAL ( Affernafe )
National
DR A. V. R. RAO
SHRI RAVINDER LAL ( Alternate ~

SIrRXG. S. M. RAO
SHRI T. N. S. RAO
SHRI S. R. PINHEIRO( .Ilternate

Centrc

Research

Buildings Organization,

( CSIR ),

New Delhi

Geological Survey of India, Nagpkr

Gammon India Ltd, Bombay

Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi

Irrigation & Power Research Institute, Amritsar
SHRI MOHINDrZRSIINGH( Alternate)
Hindustan Housing Factory Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI G. B. SINGH
- SHRI C. L. KASLIWAL ( Alt~rnate )
Beas Designs Organization, Nangal Township
SHRI J. S. SINGHOTA
SHRI A. M. SXNCAL( Alternate )
The India Cements Ltd, Madras
SHRXK. A. SUBRAMANIAM
SHRI T. S. RAMACHANDRAN( Alternate)
Dalmia Cement ( Bharat ) Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI L. SWAROOP
SHRI A. V. RAMANA ( Alternate )
Director General, \JjIS ( Ex-oficio Member )
SHRI D. AJITHA SIMHA,
Director ( Civ Engg )

SECRETARY
bHRI R. F. SHARMA

>

--

Secretary
SHSU~. R. T.+NEJA
Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), BIS

Concrete

Subcommittee,

BDC 2:2

Corwener
SHRI S. B. JOSHI

S. B. Joshi & Co Ltd, Bombay

Members
DR S. M. K. CHETTY
SHRI C. A. TANEJA ( Alternate)
SHRI B. K. CHOKSI

Central
Building
Roorkee

Research

Institute

( CSIR ),

In

personal capacity
( Shrikunj
Near
Parkash
Housing So.cie~, Athwa Lines, Surat 1 )
Research,
Designs
& Standards
Organization,
D~Pu-m DXRECTOR,
STANDARDS
(B&S)
Lucknow
ASSISTANTDXRECTOR,STANDARDS
~lR~C$o~/C
) ( Alternate)
Engineering Research haboratorids, Hyderabad
Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi
DIRECTOR( C & MDD )
DEPUTY DIRECTOR( C & MDD )
( Alterrm!e )
Structural Engineering Research Centre ( CSIR ),
SHRI V. K. G}IANEKAR
Roorkee
SHRI A. S. PRASADARAO ( Alternate)
Alokudyog Services Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI K. C. GHOSAL
SHRI A. K. BISWAS( Alternate)
Buildings & Communications Department, Bombay
SHRI V. N. GUNAJI
The Associated Cement Companies Ltd, Bombay
SHRI P. J. JAGUS
( (2rfzlirsued on page 14)

[
I

IS : 6461 ( Part IV) - 1972

Indian Standard
GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO
CEMENT CONCRETE
PART

IV

0.

TYPES

OF CONCRETE

FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian

Standard ( Part IV ) was adopted by the Indian Standards

Institution on 25 February
1972, after the draft finalized by the Cement
and Concrete
Sectional
Committee
had been approved
by the Civil
Engineering
Division Council.
0.2 Cement concrete is one of the most versatile and extensively used building materials in all civil engineering constructions.
There are a number
of technical terms connected with the basic materials for concrete,
as well
as the production and use of concrete which quite often require clarification
to give precise meaning to the stipulations
in the standard specifications,
It has, therefore,
becodes of practices and other technical documents.
come necessary to standardize
the various terms and definitions used in
cement and concrete technology and thus avoid ambiguity
in their interpretations.
The Sectional Committee
has, therefore decided to bring out
a series of glossaries of terms relating to concrete and concrete materials.
0.3 For convenience of reference,
into the following twelve parts:
Part I Concrete
Part II
Part IV

( other than cement

Concrete
Types

Part VI

Part VIII
Part IX

Part XII

grouped

and aggregate

of concrete
for concrete

Equipment,
Mixing,
aspects

tools and plant

laying,

Properties
Structural

compacting,

of concrete
aspects

Part X Tests and testing apparatus

Part XI

has been

reinforcement

Part V Formwork
Part VII

of terms

aggregates

Materials

Part III

this glossary

Prestressed

concrete

Miscellaneous
3

curing

and other construction

I I 6461 ( Part IV ) 0 1972

two separate
standa.rds
have
beei~
0.3.1 111 addition
to the abovr,
cemenl
011t ror1cernin.g
terminology
relating
to hydraulic
br ~,ll#lil
:rnd pozzolanlc
materials.
These
standards
are
IS : 4845-1968*
anr
IS : 4305-l 9677.
0.4 ln the formulation
of this standard
due weightage
has been given tc
i,:!c rnaticmal
co-ordination
among
the standard
and practices
prevailing
111rlitlercrrt countries
in addition
to relating
it to the practices
in the fielc
il1 rlltq c:O:i!~it~). llris has been met by deriving
assistance
from the follow
I!?< i.~~ll)li,~:lLiori~:
1%

2787 1iI56 Glossary

of terms
St-itish Standards
Institution.

BS

4340-1961
Institution.

Glossary

for concrete

of formwork

of

and reinforced
terms.

British

concrete
Standardc

ASTM
Designation:
C 125 11efinitions
of terms relating
to concrete
aggregate.
American
Society for Testing
and Materials.
AC:1 No. SP-19 i 1967 ) C,ement
Grncrete
Institute.
AC1 6 17-1968
American

I.

and concrete

Recommended
practice
Concrete
Institute.

for

terminology.

Americar:

concrete

formwork

SCOPE

I .I ihis starrdsrd

t yl)es of cement

( Part
concrete.

IV ) covers

definitions

of terms

relating

to differen

2. DEFINITIONS
2.0

I:, tr the purpose

of this standard,

the following

definitions

shall

appls

2.1 Aerated Concrete -A

lightweight
cement-pozzolana,
c<llic:rlt, c~i3r:ciit-silica,

product
consisting
of portlant
lime-pozzolana,
or lime-silic:
lr,r\tex, <,I pastes containing
blends of these ingredients
and having a homo
r:+~r~lou> void or cell structure,
attained
with gas-forming
chemicals
o
l;,._~~n~g agents ( for cellular concretes
containing
binder
ingredients
othe
rl~dr!. or ir? addition
to portland
cement,
autoclave
curing
is usuall:

i>io)~..J ;.
Mortar - Mortar
or concrete
conveyed
through
a host
:zsi3! 1 ,~i~xt:~d at high velocity
on to a surface;
also pneumatically
appliec
.!!,,i raz 0: c,*lnc.rete, sprayed
mortar
and gunned concrete
( see also dry-mi

2,Z .A&-Biowr~

IS:6461(PartIV)-19z
shotcrete;
mortars ).

gunite;

and

wet-mix

shotcrete,

pneumatically

applied

2.3 Autoclaved - Steam curing of concrete products, sandlime brick,

asbestos cement products, hydrous calcium silicate insulation products,
or cement in an autoclave at maximum ambient temperatures generally
between 170 and 215C.
2.4 Boron Loaded Concrete - High-density concrete including a boroncontaining admixture or aggregate, such as mineral colemanite, boron
frits, or boron metal alloys to act as a neutron attenuator.
2.5 Build-Up mass.

Gunning of shotcrete in successive layers to form a thicker

2.6 Cast-in-Place - Mortar or concrete which is deposited in the place

where it is required to harden as part of the structure, as opposed to precast concrete.
2.7 Cast-in-Situ -

See2.6.

2.8 Castable Refractory - A packaged, dry mixture of hydraulic cement,

generally calcium-aluminate
cement, and specially selected and proportioned refractory aggregates which, when mixed with water, will produce
refractory concrete or mortar ( see also 2.82 ).
2.9 Cast StoneConcrete or mortar cast into blocks or small slabs in
special molds so as to resemble natural building stone.
2.10 Cellular
2.11 Cellular

Concrete

See 2.1.

Construction

See 2.32.1.

2.12 Central-Mixed
Concrete - Concrete which is completely mixed in
a stationary mixer from which it is transported to the delivery point.
2.13 Closed-Circuit
Grouting -- Injection of grout into
secting fissures or voids which are to be filled at such volume
that grout input to the hole is greater than the grout take of
ing formation, excess grout being returned to the pumping
circulation.
2.14 Colloidal Concrete
colloidal grout.

a hole interand pressure

the surroundplant for re-

Concrete of which the aggregate is bound by

2.15 Colloidal Grout - A grout which has artificially induced cohesiveness or ability to retain the dispersed solid particles in suspension.
2.16 Concrete, Aerated - Concrete made very light and cellular by the
addition of a prepared foam or by generation of gas within the unhardened
mixture.
5

9
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19+9:SI

IS : 6461 ( Part IV ) - 1972

2.32.1 Centrally-Mixed
Concrete - Concrete
produced
by
completely
mixing cement, aggregates, and water at a stationary
central mixing plant
and delivcrcd in containers fitted with agitating devices, except that when
so agreed to between the purchaser
and the manufacturer,
the concrete
may be transported without being agitated.
2.32.2
Truck-Mixed Concrete - Concrete
produced
by placing
cement
and aggregates
in a truck-mixer
at the batching
plant,
the addition
of
water and the mixing being carried out entirely in the truck-mixer
eilher
during the journey or on arrival at the site of delivery.
No water shall
be added to the aggregate
and cement
until the mixing of concrete
commences.
2.33 Concrete, Refractory - Concrete
having
refractory
usually made with calcium-aluminate
cement
and refractory
and suitable for use even at temperature
above 1 000C.

properties,
aggregate

2.34 Concrete,
Reinforced - Concrete
containing
reinforcement
and
d_&g;ed on the assumption that the two materials act together in resisting
2.35 Concrete, Spun - Concrete
compacted
example, in the manufacture
of pipes.

by centrifugal

action,

for

2.36 Concrete, Structural - Concrete

used to carry structural
load or
concrete
of a quality specified for
to form an integral part of a structure;
structural use; concrete used solely for protective
cover, fill, or insulation
is not considered structural
concrete.

Structural
2.37 Concrete,
with lightweight
aggregate;
1 440 to 1 850 kg/ms.

Lightweight the

unit

weight

Structural
concrete
made
usually is in the range of

2.38 Concrete, Terrazzo - Marble-aggregate

concrete
that is cast-inplace or precast and ground smooth for decorative
surfacing purposes on
floo.rs and walls.
2.39 Concrete, Transit-Mixed - Concrete,
the
wholly or principally accomplished
in a truck mixer.
2.46 Concrete, Translucent together in precast or prestressed

A combination
panels.

mixing

of

which

of glass and concrete

2.41 Concrete,
Vacuum
- Concrete from which water is extracted
vacuum process before hardening occurs.
2.42 Concrete,
Vibraied
and after placing.

Concrete

compacted

by

vibration

is

used
by a

during

2.43 Containment
Grouting
- Injection
of grout, usually at relatively
low pressure, around the periphery of an area which is subsequently
to be
7

IS : 6461( Part IV ) - 1972

grouted at greater pressure;
within the perimeter.
2.44 Contraction-Joint
joints.
2.45

Control-Joint

intended

Grouting

Grouting

to confine
-

Injection

subsequent
of grout

grout
into

injection

contraction

See 2.44.

2.46 Cyclopean Concrete - Mass concrete in which large stones, each

in the concrctc
as it is
of 50 kg or more, are placed and embedded
deposited;
the stones are called pudding stones or plums , preferably
not less than 15 cm apart and not closer than 20 cm to any cxposcd surface
( seealso 2.101 ).
2.47

Dense

Concrete

See 2.17.

2.48 Dry-Mix
Shotcrete - Pneumatically
conveyed shotcrete
most of the mixing water is added at the nozzle ( see also 2.88 ).
2.49 Dry Pack-To
mixture into a confined
2.50

Dry-Packqd

Concrete

-See

2.18.
or mortar

2.52 Expansive-Cement
Concrete ( Mortar
or Grout ) ( mortar or grout ) made with expansive cement.
Fat Concrete-See

which

forcibly
ram a moist Portland-cement-aggregare
area; also the mixture so placed.

placing of concrete
2.51 Dry-Tamp
Process -The
mering or ramming a relatively dry mix into place.

2.53

in

by ham-

A concrete

2.19.

2.54 Flash Coat - A light coat of shotcrete

ed on a concrete surface.

used to cover minor

blemish-

2.55 Gas Concrete - Lightweight

concrete
produced
by developing
voids with gas generated
within the unhardened
mix ( usually from the
action of cement alkalies on aluminium powder used as an admixture ).
2.56

Granolithic

Concrete

See 2.21.

2.57 Ground Wire - Small-gauge

high-strength
steel wire used to establish
line and grade as in shotcrete
work; also called alignment wire or screed
wire.
of cetientitious
material
and aggregate to which
2.58 Grout - Mixture
sufficent water is added to produce pouring concistency without segregation
of the constituents,
or mixtures of other compositions,
such as containing
PVC or epoxy resin or sodium silicate, but of similar consistency.
2.59 Grouted-Aggregate
.ing grout in*o previously

Concrete - Concrete
placed coarse aggregate
8

which is formed by inject( see 2.30 ).

IS : 6461 ( Part IV ) - 1972

2hO Gun Finish - Undisturbed
nozzle, without hand finishing.
2.61

Gunite

( Trade

Name

2.62 Gunning
Pattern
shotcrete operation.

final

layer of shotcrete

) -- Method
Conical

of applying

outline

of material

as applied

dry-mix

from

shotcrete.

discharge

steam in

2.63 Heat-Resistant
Concrete
- Any concrete which will not disintegrate when exposed to constant or cyclic heating at any temperature
below
which a ceramic bond is formed, that is, below about 1 000C.
2.64

Heavy

Concrete

See 2.22,

2.65

Heavyweight

Concrete

See 2.23.

2.66

High-Density

Concrete

See 2.23.

2.67 High-Early-Strength
Concrete
- Concrete which, through the use
of high-early-strength
cement or admixtures, is capable of attaining specified
strength at an earlier age than normal concrete.
2.68
Ilmenite
- A mineral, iron titanate
impure form is commonly uyed as aggregate

( FeTiO,
) which in pure
in high density concrete.

or

2.69
Impending
Slough - The
consistency
obtained
with shotcrete
containing the maximum amount of water that can be used without flow or
sag after placement.
2..70 Insulating
used as thermal
2.71

Lean

2.72

Lightweight

Concrete
insulation.

Concrete

Mass

having

of low cement

low thermal

conductivity;

content.

See 2.24.

Measurement
- Measurement
of solid and liquid constituents.

Concrete-See

2.75 Monolithic
struction joints.

Concrete

Concre;e

Concrete

2.73 Liquid-Volume
of the total volume
2.74

of grout on the basis

2.25.

Concrete

Concrete

caSt hith

no joints

other

than con-

2.76 Nailable
Concrete
- Concrete, usually made with a suitable lightweight aggregate, with or without the addition of sawdust, into which nails
can be driven.
2.77 Non-Air-Entrained
Concrete
- Concrete in which neither
entraining admixtuic
nor air-entraining
cement has been used.
2.78

Normal-Weight

2.79

No-Slump

Concrete -

Concrete

See 2.28.

See 2.27.
9

an air-

IS : 6461 ( Part IV ) - 1972

2.80 Open-Circuit Grouting - A grouting system with no provision for
recirculation of grout to the pump.
2.81 Oversanded-Containing more sand that would be necessary to
produce adequate workability and a satisfactory condition for finishing.
2.82 Packaged
Concrete,
Mortar,
Grout - Mixtures of dry ingredient5
in packages, requiring only the addition of water to produce concrete,
mortar, or grout.
2.83 Packer - A device inserted into a hole in which grout is to be injected which acts to prevent return of the grout around the injection pipe;
usually an expandable device aEtuated mechanically, hydraulically, or
pneumatically.
2.84 Pass
operation.

Layer

of shotcrete placed in one movement over the field of

2.85 Pavemknt, Concrete - A layer of concrete over such areas as roads,

sidewalks, airfields, canals, playgromlds, and those used for storage or
parking.
2.86 Perimeter
Grouting - Injection of grout, usually at relatively low
pressure, around the periphery of an area which is subsequently to be
grouted at greater pressure; intended to confine subsequent grout injection
within the perimeter ( see 2.43 ).
2.87 Plain Concrete - Concrete with reinforcement;
or concrete
does not conform to the definition of reinforced concrete.

that

2.88 Pneumatically
Applied
Mortar - Mortar or concrete conveyed
through a hose and projected at high velocity on to a surface; also known
as air-blown mortar; also pneumatically applied mortar or concrete, sprayed
mortar and gunned concrete ( see also 2.48, 2.61, 2.166 and 2.128 ).
2.89 Pozzolanic
Cement Concrete -- Concrete having pozzolana partly
substituted for its cement, the pozzolana content being not less than 16
percent of.the combined weight of cement plus pozzolana.
2.90 Prepacked

Concrete

2.91 Preplaced-Aggregate

See 2.31.
Concrete -

See2.31.

2.92 Preshrunk Concrete

a ) Concrete which has been mixed for a short period in a stationary
mixer before being transferred to a transit mixed.
b) Grout, mortar, or concrete that has been mixed
placing to reduce shrinkage during hardening.
10

1 to 3 h before

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IS : 6461 ( Part IV ) - 1972

2.108 Sloughing - Subsidence of material from a vertical surface of newly
gunned shotcrete generally due to the use of an excessive amount of mixing
water ( see also 2.103 ).
2.109 Slugging - Pulsating and intermittent
flow of shotcrete
due to improper use of delivery equipment and materials.

material

2.110 Sounding
WellA vertical
conduit
in the mass of coarse
aggregate for preplaced
aggregate
concrete,
provided with continuous
or
closely spaced
openings
to permit entrance of grout; the grout level is
determined by means of a float on a measured line.
.,
2.111 Sprayed
Mortar
i- Mortar
or concrete conveyed through a hose
and projected
at high velocity onto a surface; also known as air-blown
mortar;
also pneumatically
applied mortar or concrete,
sprayed mortar
and gunned concrete ( see also 2.48, 2.61 and 2.129 ).
2.112

Spun

Concrete

2.113

Structural

Concrete

2.114

Structural

Light

Weight

2.115

Terrazzo

Concrete

2.116

Tesserae

.-

-See

Small

2.35.
-

See 2.36.
Concrete

See 2.37.

See 2.38.

pieces of marble

tile or glass used in mosaics.

2.117 Time of Haul - In production of ready-mixed

from first contact between mixing water and cement
discharge of, the freshly mixed concrete.
2.118

Transit-Mixed

2.119

Translucent

2.120

Tremie

2.121 Tremie
in a cofferdam
hardens.
2.122

Concrete
Concrete

Concrete

concrete, the period

until completion
of

See 2.39.

See 2.40.

Concrete

placed

by means

of a tremie.

Seal - Concrete placed under water by means of a tremie

or caisson so that it can be dewatered
after the concrete

Truck-Mixed

Concrete

-See

2.39.

2.123 Undersanded
- With respect
to concrete,
containing
an insuficient proportion of fine aggregate to produce optlmuti
properties in the
fresh mixture, especially workability and finishing characteristics.
2.124

Unreinforced

Concrete

See2.87.

2.125 Vacuum Concrete - Concrete from which water is extracted

vacuum process before hardening
occurs,
12

by a

IS:6461(PartrV)-1972
2.126 Venetian -A
incorporated.

type of terrazzo

2.127 Vermiculite Concrete of exfoliated vermiculite.

2.128 Vibrated Concrete and/or after placing.

topping

Concrete

Concrete

in which

in which
compacted

large chips are

the aggregate

consists

by

during

vibration

2.129 Wet-Mix Shotcrete - Shotcrete wherein all ingredients,

including
mixing
water, are mixed in the equipment
before introduction
into the
delivery hose; it may be pneumatically
conveyed or moved by displacement.

.!

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( AI 3-d

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