LEE KIAN KEONG

11

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

11: Maclaurin Series

Maclaurin Series

1. [STPM 1999 FMT P1 Q11 ]

Given that y = ln(1 + cos x), where < x < , show that
d2 y
+ ey = 0.
dx2
[4 marks]
6

Using Maclaurin theorem, find the expansion of y in ascending powers of x up to the term x .

[7 marks]

Hence,
(a) estimate the value of
(b) taking x =

ln(1 + cos x) dx, correct to three decimal places,

[2 marks]

, estimate the value of ln 2 correct to three decimal places.

2
1
4

[Answer : ln 2 x2

[2 marks]

1 4
1 6
x
x + . . . ; (a) 0.608 ; (b) 0.691]
96
1440

2. [STPM 2000 FMT P1 Q11 ]

1
1
Given ln y = sin1 x, where < sin1 x < , show that
2
2
 2
dy
(a) (1 x2 )
y 2 = 0,
dx
(b) (1 x2 )

[2 marks]

d2 y
dy
x
y = 0.
2
dx
dx

[2 marks]

Hence, find the Maclaurin expansion of esin

of values of x for the expansion valid.

in ascending powers of x up to the term in x5 . State the range

[7 marks]

Using a suitable value of x in the expansion, estimate the value of correct to four significant figures. Find the
percentage error of estimation if = 3.142.
[4 marks]
1
2

1
3

[Answer : 1 + x + x2 + x3 +

5 4 1 5
x + x + . . . , {x : 1 < x < 1} ; 3.130 ; 0.382%]
24
6

3. [STPM 2001 FMT P1 Q3 ]

Using Maclaurin expansion, find
1 cos2 x
.
x0 x(1 ex )
lim

[4 marks]

[Answer : 1]
4. [STPM 2001 FMT P1 Q11 ]
(a) Find the expansion for ex cos x and ex sin x in ascending powers of x up to the term x3 .
(b) Using Maclaurin theorem, find the expansion for sec x in ascending powers of x up to the term x4 . [5 marks]
Deduce the first three non zero terms in the expansion sec2 x and tan x in ascending powers of x. [4 marks]
1
3

1
3

1
2

[Answer : (a) 1 + x x3 + . . . , x + x2 + x3 ; (b) 1 + x2 +

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5 4
2
1
2 5
x ; 1 + x 2 + x4 , x + x3 +
x ]
24
3
3
15

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

11: Maclaurin Series

5. [STPM 2002 FMT P1 Q12 ]

 5
 3
 3
dy
dy
dy
d2 y
d3 y
2
=
x
and
=
+
3x
.
If y = sin1 x, show that
dx2
dx
dx3
dx
dx

[4 marks]

Using Maclaurin theorem, express sin1 x as a series of ascending powers of x up to the term in x5 . State the
range of values of x for the expansion valid.
[7 marks]
Hence,
(a) taking x = 0.5, find the approximation of correct to two decimal places,

[2 marks]

(b) find lim

x0

x sin x
.
x sin x

[2 marks]

1
6

[Answer : x + x3 +

3 5
x , {x : |x| < 1} ; (a) 3.14 ; (b) 1]
40

6. [STPM 2003 FMT P1 Q5 ]

1
to express tan1 x as a series of ascending powers of x up to the term in x7 .[4 marks]
Use the expansion of
1 + x2
Hence find, in terms of , the sum of the infinite series
1
1
1

+
...
3 3 5 32
7 33
[2 marks]

3
1 3 1 5 1 7
]
[Answer : x x + x x ; 1
3
5
7
6

7. [STPM 2003 FMT P1 Q9 ]

If y = (sin1 x)2 , show that, for 1 < x < 1,
(1 x2 )

d2 y
dy
2 = 0.
x
dx2
dx
[3 marks]

Find the Maclaurin series for (sin

x) up to the term in x .

[6 marks]

1
3

[Answer : x2 + x4 +

8 6
x ]
45

8. [STPM 2005 FMT P1 Q6 ]

Find the Maclaurin expansion of x cos x up to the term in x3 . State the range of values of x for which the
expansion is valid.
[7 marks]
1
4

[Answer : x x3 ; {x : |x| < 1}]

9. [STPM 2008 FMT P1 Q2 ]
Using the result that tan1 x =

x
0

1
dt, show that
1 + t2
tan1 x = x

where |x| < 1.

Hence, find lim
x0

x5
x7
x3
+

+ ...
3
5
7
[2 marks]

tan x
.
sin x

[2 marks]

[Answer : 1]
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LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

11: Maclaurin Series

10. [STPM 2010 FMT P1 Q5 ]

Given that y = x cos1 x, where 1 < x < 1.
d2 y
=x
(a) Show that
dx2

3
dy
1 .
dx

[2 marks]

(b) Find the Maclaurin series for y in ascending powers of x up to the term in x5 .

[5 marks]

1
2

1
6

[Answer : + 2x + x3 +
11. [STPM 2012 FMT P1 Q10 ]
Using Maclaurins theorem, obtain the expansion of ln(1 + cos x) up to the term in x4 .

sin x

3
Hence, find the expansion of
up to the term in x3 , and show that 3 2

.
1 + cos x
12 5184
1
4

[Answer : ln(2) x2

3 5
x ]
40

[6 marks]
[5 marks]

1 4
1
1 3
x + ... ; x +
x + . . .]
96
2
24

12. [STPM 2013 MT Specimen P2 Q5 ]

 3
 3
 5
d2 y
d3 y
dy
dy
dy
2
If y = sin1 x, show that
=
x
and
=
+
3x
.
dx2
dx
dx3
dx
dx

[5 marks]

Using Maclaurins theorem, express sin1 x as a series of ascending powers of x up to the term in x5 . State the
range of values of x for which the expansion is valid.
[7 marks]
1
6

[Answer : x + x3 +

3 5
x , {x : |x| < 1}]
40

13. [STPM 2013 MT P2 Q5 ]

Using the Maclaurin series for ln(1 + x), evaluate
lim
x0

x ln(1 + x)
x2
[3 marks]

[Answer :

1
]
2

14. [STPM 2013 MT P2 Q8 ]

Given that y = sin1 x.
(a) Show that
(1 x2 )

d2 y
dy
= 0.
x
dx2
dx
[4 marks]

1
3
(b) Using Maclaurins theorem, show that the series expansion for sin1 x is x + x3 + x5 + . . .. State the
6
40
range of values of x for which the expansion is valid.
[8 marks]
1
(c) Using the series expansion in (b), where x = , estimate the value of correct to three decimal places.
2

[3 marks]

[Answer : (b) {x : |x| < 1} ; (c) 3.139]

15. [STPM 2013 MT P2 U2 Q5 ]
Using the Maclaurin theorem, find the expansion of ln(1 + sin x) up to the terms in x3 .

[5 marks]

Hence, evaluate lim

x0

2x ln(1 + sin x)
.
2x2 x4

[2 marks]

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LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

11: Maclaurin Series

1
2

1
6

[Answer : x x2 + x3 ;

1
]
2

16. [STPM 2014 MT P2 Q5 ]

1
If y = ecos x , show that
(1 x2 )
Hence, find the Maclaurin series for ecos

d2 y
dy
y = 0, for 1 < x < 1.
x
dx2
dx

up to and including the term in x4 .

[8 marks]

1
2

1
3

[Answer : y = e 2 e 2 x + e 2 x2 e 2 x3 +
17. [STPM 2014 MT P2 Q8 ]
The function g is defined by
g(x) = e

12 x

5 2 4
e x ]
24

!
3
x .
2

sin

for all values of x.

(a) Show that g (x) + g (x) + g(x) = 0.
Hence, show that the Maclaurin series for g(x) is

3
3 2
3 4
x
x +
x ....
2
4
48

[5 marks]

[5 marks]

(b) Use the Maclaurin scries obtained in (a) to

g(x)
ascending powers of x up to the term in x3 .
1 + 2x
g(x)
ii. find the value of lim
.
x0 x
i. find the expansion of

[Answer : (b)(i)

[3 marks]
[2 marks]

3
5 3 2 5 3 3
3
x
x +
x + . . . ; (ii)
]
2
4
2
2

18. [STPM 2014 MT P2 U2 Q5 ]

If y = (cos1 x)2 , show that
(1 x2 )

dy
dx

2

= 4y.
[3 marks]

Show that the Maclaurins series for (cos

x) is

2
x + x2 x3 + . . . .
4
6
[7 marks]

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