[EMRBYO LAB]

hr chick reviewer

WHOLE MOUNT

Cranial half : covered with head fold of amnion

Caudal part : does not show such covering
Subcaudal pocket separates from the underlying blastoderm
Cephalization at the anterior portion (brain) ventral flexion (bending) and dextral torsion

(twisting)
Heart becomes elongated (twisted itself)
3 FETAL MEMBRANES
o amnion encircles the anterior portion of embryo ; inner ectoderm & outer somatic
mesoderm
o yolk sac double-membraned on the left side; w/ blood vessels; endoderm &
splanchnic mesoderm
o chorion double-layered on the right side; close to amnion; outer ectoderm & inner
somatic mesoderm
3 IRREGULAR WHITE LINES SEEN FROM HEART TOWARDS AUDITORY VESICLE
o 1st branchial groove
o 2nd branchial groove
o 3rd branchial groove
ARCHES
o 1st visceral arch above 1st branchial groove
o 2nd visceral arch between 1st & 2nd branchial groove
o 3rd visceral arch between 2nd and 3rd branchial groove
1st visceral arch processes:
o Maxillary process ant. to stomodeum
o Mandibular process post. to stomodeum
Myelencephalon brain region where ganglia are associated
Pharyngeal/ hyomandibular pouch & branchial groove contribute to the formation of 1 st

branchial plate
Rathkes pouch & infundibulum 2 structures that forms the hypophysis
3 pharyngeal pouch
3 aortic arches
3 visceral arches
Structure

Description
TRANSVERSE SECTION
SEC. THRU MESENCEPHALON

mesencephalon

isthmus

Oval shaped
1st cavity of the brain to be observed
Shows frontal section due to cranial flexure
Constriction
Partially separates the mesencephalon from
hindbrain

Fate

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hr chick reviewer

Metencephalon

Thin roof at the opposite end of

mesencephalon
Underlined portion between myelencephalon
and isthmus
Loose connective tissue between brain and
epidermis
Amnion, chorion, & yolk sac
Space bounded by mesoderm, between the
chorion, yolk sac, amnion
SEC THRU DIENCEPHALON
Lower cavity when the brain separates
Replaces the position of mesencephalon
Depression found in the dorsal wall of the
forebrain
Demarcation between diencephalon &
telencephalon
Delimited by the isthmus at this section

Myelencephalon

Upper, larger cavity of all with thin roofs

Ganglion of trigeminal (V) cranial nerve

Dark cells closer to myelencephalon
Ganglion of X cranial nerve
Lateral to myelencephalon
Above the anterior cardinal vein

Space lined by thin wall along each side of

myelencephalon

Small, elongated mass of vacuolated cells

Between the myelencephalon &
diencephalon
Separates into 2 (due to cranial flexure)
SEC THRU OTIC VESICLE
Paired vesicle each side of the
myelencephalon
Invagination of ectoderm

Pair on the ventro-lateral side of otic vesicle

Ganglia of VII & VIII cranial nerves

Cells close (or attached) to otic vesicle & ant.
cardinal vein
Lateral to myelencephalon
Ganglion of trigeminal (V) cranial nerve

myelencephalon
metencephalon
mesenchyme
fetal membranes
extraembryonic
coelom
diencephalon

velum transversum

Semilunar ganglion
Jugular ganglion
Anterior cardinal vein
syn: precardinal vein

notochord

Otic vesicle
syn: auditory vesicle
otocyst
Anterior cardinal vein
Acoustic-fascialis
ganglion
Semilunar ganglion

Posterior choroid
plexus

Disintegrate

Endolymphatic duct

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hr chick reviewer

Superior ganglion

Optic cup

Lens vesicle
Optic stalk

pharynx

Pre-oral gut

Carotid loop
Internal carotid
arteries
Dorsal aorta
1st aortic arch
Mandibular arch

Dark cells attached to myelencephalon

Ganglion of glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
Cells on both sides of myelencephalon
Observed when otic vesicle is no longer
present or immediately posterior to the
auditory vesicles
SEC TRHU OPTIC CUPS
Double-walled structure on each side of
diencephalon
Derived from invagination of optic vesicle
Sensory retina thicker, inner layer
Presumptive retina inner layer of
cup
Pigmented retina thinner, outer layer
Presumptive pigmented epithelium
outer layer of the cup
Little sac-like cavity nestled w/in the optic
cups
Arises as an invagination of ectoderm
Connects the optic cup with diencephalon
Cavity (triangular shape)
1st pharyngeal pouch (arms of triangle)
hyomandibular pouch
Invaginates to form 1st branchial
groove
Double-layered formed is 1st branchial
plate
Anterior most part of the foregut
Small circle or oval structure separated from
the pharynx by oral plate
Extends as a fingerlike diverticulum anterior
to the future mouth
Extensions of the 1st aortic arches
Elongated spaces medial to ant. cardinal
veins
Paired vessels from the carotid loops to the
optic cups
Blood vessels on either side of notochord
Lies above the 1st pharyngeal pouch

Blood vessel beneath the 1st pharyngeal

pouches

Mesenchymal mass between stomodeum

Pigmented layer of retina

Becomes located at
mandibular process then
becomes continuous w/
ventral aorta

jaws

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hr chick reviewer
syn: 1st visceral arch

Rathkes pouch

Oral plate
syn: pharyngeal
membrane

Bears the 1st aortic arch

Small vesicle between infundibulum &
pharynx
Dorsal evagination of stomodeum
Thin line (ectoderm & endoderm) separating
stomodeum & pharynx

Evagination from diencephalon

Will later evaginate post. lobe of hypophysis
Diencephalon
More elongated in this section
Slit-like space where Rathkes pouch opens
Separates maxillary process & mandibular
stomodeum
process
SEC THRU THYROID RUDIMENT & 2ND AORTIC ARCH
Thyroid rudiment
Depression in the floor of the pharynx
Lies beneath the 2nd pharyngeal pouches
Contained within 2nd visceral arches (hyoid
2nd aortic arch
arches)
Will later become continuous with ventral aorta
nd
2 pharyngeal pouch
2nd outpocketing of pharynx
Blood vessel beneath the pharynx
Starts where the bases of 1st aortic arches
meet
Ventral aorta
2 layers in its wall indicates beginning of
syn: aortic sac
bulbus cordis
Connected anteriorly: aortic arches (1,2,3)
Connected posteriorly: bulbus cordis
SEC THRU 3RD AORTIC ARCH
Large outpocketing of pharynx
3rd pharyngeal
Together with pharynx, laterally oriented oral
pouches
cavity
Beneath the 3rd pharyngeal pouch (not-so
3rd aortic arches
developed)
Will later become continuous with ventral aorta
Between 2nd & 3rd pouches
Arches posterior to the hyoid arch = branchial
3rd visceral arch
arches
1st heart cavity
Presence of endocardium & myocardium
Bulbus cordis
(differentiates it from ventral aorta)
Mesodermal stalk that attaches the stalk to
Dorsal mesocardium
the dorsal wall of coelom
Thickened skin ectoderm lateral to the
Nasal placode
telencephalon
infundibulum

hypophysis

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hr chick reviewer

1st somite
dermatome
myotome
Anterior cardinal
veins
Spinal cord
Descending aorta
Dorsal
intersegmented
arteries

Conus arteriosus

Atrium

Ventricle
Laryngotracheal
groove
Future esophagus
Cardinal veins

Sinus venosus
Common cardinal
vein

Cell masses lying lateral to myelencephalon

Darkly stained beneath the skin of ectoderm
Lightly stained cell medial to dermatome
Seprates into 2 vessels:
postcardinal vein (dorsal)
common cardinal vein (ventral)

SEC THRU ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE

Replaces the myelencephalon
Fused dorsal aortae
Small blood vessels arising at intervals from
dorsal aorta & extending dorsally bet spinal
cord & somite
Chamber of heart at the right side
Endocardium & myocardium are widely
separated
Chamber at the left side
Endocardium & myocardium are in close
contact/ fused
Large looped chamber of the heart
Connects the conus and the atrium
Deep V-shaped depression in the floor of the
foregut
Dorsal portion of the gut
Paired precardinals
Separates into 2 vessels:
postcardinal vein (dorsal)
common cardinal vein (ventral)
SEC THRU SINUS VENOSUS
Portion of the heart attached to the foregut
by dorsal mesocardium

To which sinus venosus is attached

Mesenchyme enclosing the common cardinal

vein (separates the pleural from pericardial)

Slight evagination on the ventro-lateral

portions of the foregut into pleural cavities

Paired, lateral to the developing lung buds &

continuous with pericardial cavity
Mesenchyme surrounding the sinus venosus
Connected with the pleuropericardial
membrane

syn: duct of Cuvier

Pleuropericardial
membranes
Lung buds
Pleural cavity
Transverse septum

Dermis of skin
muscle

auricle

Larynx, trachea, &

lung bud

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hr chick reviewer

Cranial liver
diverticulum

Mass of cells on the dorsal side of sinus

venosus lying in the transverse septum ventral
to the foregut

Branch/es on the ventral side of the cranial

liver rudiment

syn: dorsal diverticulum

Caudal liver
diverticulum
syn: ventral diverticulum

duodenum
Anterior intestinal
portal
Vitelline veins
syn:
omphalomesenteric
vein
Peritoneal cavity
Paired mesonephric
duct

Lateral amniotic folds

Vitelline blood
vessels

Continuous with the foregut posterior to the

cranial liver diverticulum
SEC THRU ANTERIOR INTESTINAL PORTAL

Opening of the foregut to the midgut

Pair of blood vessels w/c are posterior

extensions of sinus venosus
Lie on each side of anterior intestinal portal
Left then right veins pass out onto the yolk
Big space where internal organs are
Small tubules lateral to the descending aorta
Medial to mesonephtic tubules
Formed by delamination from the
nephrogenic cord (nephrotome)
SEC THRU LATERAL AMNIOTIC FOLDS
Elevated & about to fuse folds
Consist of somatopleure that forms inner
amnion & outer chorion
Small blood vessel embedded within the
splanchnic mesoderm

Paired dorsal aortae

Big pair of blood vessel below the notochord

Mesonephric tubule
rudiments

Round cavity medial to mesonephric duct

Opening of the mesonephric tubule to the

coelom
Posterior of dorsal aorta extending onto the
yolk sac
SEC THRU TAIL BUD
Mass of mesenchymal cells at the caudal
end
Covered by skin ectoderm
Posterior portion of gut where it acquires
floor
Endoderm lined cavity below tail bud
Space where the floor of the allantoic
rudiment disappears

Nephrostome
Vitelline arteries

Tail bud
Hindgut
Allantoic rudiment
Caudal intestinal
portal

[EMRBYO LAB]

hr chick reviewer

Opening of the hindgut in the yolk