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22.7 Tables and Diagrams for the Calculation ofSpur and Helical Gears
Tibk 22/11. Guidanci for Bd IkgVmm21 for spur and hciical gears with
2W
C,=
- --
Bd= B.
for S,2 1:
for S.
B m I = B o to 3x0
with substitution of Se= 1
< 1:
iC0858O~Ssa(i 11
S, fmm Tablc 22/13
0,35kD i
B. =
... 0,8
...12
Splash lubricaiion
1 2 - . . 60
Spray lubncation
nc/i,,:t'
DIN 3962
12
4.
11
16.
10
I0
63
33
2.6
finish machiwd
coaise ground
2.0
2.8
1,G
finc finirhed
2
1,4
1.3
1.0
1
0,7'
o,64
cast
Grease or splash
lubrication
Suifacc rough-
Factors
Quality
Grcase application
... 4
0.8
1 1;.vl
""
Lubication
shaved
fine ground
,naster gear
0,8
...9
fj
3 ... 5
2 ...3
1.5
...2
(Ra + 4 3 .
6)
kg
.........
Ir'
l O . . - 80
40 . - . 2 0 0
320 ... W
......
........
P-ga
vdiclcr
....
. . . . . . .
~-
100 . . . W
Machinc t w l s
Lfling equipmenf:
Hand winchcs, ctcctric hoistr
Piece goods winchs
Grab winchcs
Automobiles:.
Firsl und revcrsc gHighs gcars
L, lhourri
G d
Traslorr
vchiclcs
/ I 1
10 ... 40 40 -..ZOO
200.-.
I
-
130
,
,= 25,4/Di = 25,4 Ci/*; t,
= 25,4 n/D9 = 25.4 Ci; ( x = 3,141593; 1"= 25.4 mm, DIN 4890).
;.
z.limasdb~tn&-mim
W b v P a n t d W
22.7 Tables and Diagrams for thc Calculalion 01Spur snd Helical Gears
mm
Single cylindm
1-1
125
1,5
1.25
1,5
1,75
1.76
10
2,25
132
C,= l for the mmKmation St/St:x0.74 for St/CI;=O.55 for CVCI:f,. fmm Tablc 22/12:
C, (lin) for linenr load dirtnbutioa (urc whui C, bar) i s not cnsurcd);
C, (par) Tor plrabolic bad disbibution (aRa thc bcn Nnnuip-in under load).
~nble
ZZIZG. Delcrmination af&. and C, for thc operang periphcral farce U C, C, whcn the load carrying face widlh b' (at
thc r o k g circlc) is known fram thc "tooth contan markiig" at thc peripheral force U,
(li) = 1.75.
b ' )
=
)
1 1 . 2 1,3 : l f I l . 5 i 2 ! E 6
-- ! _ _ - - _ P 2
2
26 8
3 14
1_5
_
I
T p ( p s r ) = upto1,33! 1.6
1,73
1 1.86 i 2 1 2.66 1
3.33
IEl0
3 i4
6
_
5,33
12
-
6,66
'""1
6 1 7
1,
9
18
9,33
10.7
-I
12
13.;
22.7 Tables and Diagrams foi the Cdculation ofSpur and Hclical Gedrr
&ihdculation
quantiticr dcpendent on helu angle
Pa. for a = 209
6.
On
I
Ik,
2s h
a from cos a;, =(WS o,) dld: a, from sin a, = rin a,/cos .,
Inncnverrahnung = internal &cth; Au$cnverzahnung = external teeth.
~09'8,
1.m
I 0.999i
1
I
cq
j$;,j7,
1,m
1.000
134
12/24.
Faclor y
Fig. 22/40. Root factor Valid for forcc application at tip Tor 2.25 m. wholc dcpth, a, = . 2 R Zero
backlarh; mtiral wction at point af cantact of 309 tangent: gcnaation by rack Hith 0.38 m, tip
ruunding and radial cluvmcc s,= 0.25 m..
Tabk 21/23.
Factor ?C
Cl
ible 22/12.
aclonqcand y c
+ 04)
+ 0,4)
~ 4 " = 1,41(sy1
, 1..
G a r 2 is thc driva:
E
li41(w
q.8 = 1,4/(r,
+ 0.4)
+ 0.4)
uith
e=on
in [mlsecl; m. in Imml m d f in
L>L. L'.
fpl = high-
ofthc tooth
31
32
33
34
2.27
2.23
2.19
216
135
227Tabler and Diagrams for the Ca1culation;of spur 2nd Helical Gcars
Tnblc 2 Z h . Material data*' (canvm.on for othcr operaiing condjtions is givm in Tablcs 22/26, 27, Figs. 22/41, 42)
T& picce in thc find
Matsial
Dm.gmion
No.
==#
--
k~mm'
ksflm'
GG 18
GG 26
3
4
5
6
Cast stcel
Machine stcel
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
19
20.
21
22
Cs%-carbwizcd stccl
23
24
25
Flame ar induction
hardcned stcel
27
Cyanidcd stcel
28
'
29
30
Laminatcd,plasiic
31
S.G. ircn
Batii-nitrided sied
. 32
33
Gas-nihidcd sied
GS 52
52
60
' 50...
.E!amcorind~~ction
hardcned stccl
21
24
150
175
0,21
0,30}'
16iIbCr5
20iIbCr5
15CSi6
18fiSi8
50 65
80...110
100.-.I30
90...120
120...145
Cbr45- 65..- 80
37MnSi5 90...105
90...110
53&Si4
41Cr4
140...180
ma~sc
80.-55+
42CrX04
W
M)
85+ 90
31CrXoVQ 70f
85
n-l42fi~010490 . 110
27
150
180
208
0,231
0,40
0,51
0,801
WO
0,80
736
650
650
650
650
- -- 220 595
- 270 560
- 615
275 - 460 595
-
'
25
25
15
17,s
-
140
185
210
260
260
300
190
270
360
310
400
ksfimm'
4-5
6,O
0,32
0.64
34Cr4
?&Si5
42ciXo4
--
0.19
0.33
170
250
22...27
30-..34
34...41
36...44
38...46
46...54
65.-
tptlmm'
60
80
da... 90
90
SO... 95
95...110
6ae
Bath-nitided
34
60
70... 75
37HnSi5 150...190
170
9
10
IS U n m
Con
18
26
fcmtic
pcarlitic
CS 60
Sur:
On ~ h sgear'
condition
4,9
5.0
5.0
5,O.
5.0
4,3
3,7
4.5
19.3
23
25,6
&
31,5
.
22
42
47
44
47
35
18
26
100
140
47
52
4s5
55
65
80
3,O
60
80
90
90
95
110
3,O
95
140
160
160
1iO
2...3
140
125
110
3,O
4.3
32
I90
3,6
35
200
3.0
-470
550
-.
17
300
450
1.8
22
31,s
140
110
660
2,7
68.0
150
3,s
45,O
1%
700
1,s
6,O
3.0
110
IThc tcn 8wcre m o d y of thc foliaaing dimcnsionr: rn = 3 mm; I, = 27, z, = 34, b = 10 mm; 200-Standard telli:
8 mlwc. InBumocs on load capaaty are cansidcred is tstions 2 2 2 8 and 21.6.
'Up t o 35% highcr vdues X mahing with a ucrc-hardmed and neground s t d gear.
'For v = 12 mlsec and ground &I mating gear.
'Valid for huet radius of curvaturc r& 0.2 m
'Valid Tor caw hardcning beyond thc r m t fiUet: a b u r 20% lowcr if through-hardencd: o,< 25 kgf/mma ifcase-hardencd
on the t w t h Rank only.
'Corresponds t o the cwcntly U& C - V ~ U C = Ulbt = 0.8 kgf/mmz.
'For ninning uith a matilig acel gear o l a b u l the samc hardnesq oii d Wcasity 100 cSt and suriace roughncss given in
thc table.
For thc cambiiation of tmth ninaeej 1 and 2 Rc= 0.5 (R, +Ra); dist of 17,cn k, is ansidcrcd in the fwlnotc
referrr3 to at the ~ n daf item (a), "pitting" in so2101121.5.2
''i h c rnatcrials 31 to 35 are newly included in the wmnd rcprint and m a l c d s 7, 17 und 26, which arc vcry littlc uscd,
V=
$'
k~ = Ya YE YS Y* JG
with
with
k, from Tablc 22/25, for the calculation of the safcly factor S,.
k, fram Fig. 22/41. for prercribcd Ne L,.
y,
V [cSt]
21
ys = 0,7
O,i5
3i
0,s
68
0.9
y,
Imisccl
Y. = 0.7
Lcs!rechselzohl Lw
Fig. 2U41. Lifc c w c r Tor ruriace svength k,. Numkrs on thc Curves
are material numkrs of Table 22/25. For othcr mntdals arrange
c w e s to wrrcrpood to k, valuer of Tablc 22/25. Fu-load life ',vhcn
+ 1 +0,6
s, < I,
.
L
L,=-=
167. 103 kD
"
n 60
- s;
Ihr].
'
and Toll-
OD
U,
lifc
L.
=
,
I
--
'!
U,
.-
o, = oJfn whm the Umth 6Ua radius of curvaturc r,< 0.2 mf. from Fis. 22/22
ILiMt
for
plus dynamic
scss Tor the d w roughnas of Tsble
22/25. Eiien of sdacc roughnar and
lubrication on k, is dealt Wth in w d o n
21.5.2 itrm (a) "pitting".
,,
I i
Y !
.
,
0-
= 0.7
I;>
.
,
,,
,I
51
70'
'
'
70'
I / I
s ; d 2
LostxeJisel L,
Lastw&
- --
n 60
-n-
I37
22.7 Tablcr and Diapranis for ihc Calcuiation of Spur and Helical Gears
Tible 22/23. Guidance on ail viscosity V, (cSt at 50C) for cn~losuld n v a mth 45 10 90C oil temperaurc
Frjo
= lCfJj"O.4 10 2O4'4.4
Gssrr for
SAE grade'
oi V, ;csl)
Automobiles
lnduruy
SAE 8 0 . . . 9 0
4 0 . . . 1 2 0 cSr
Steam turbiier
3 0 . . . 60 e S t
1 0 . . . 28 c S t
Twbocanvc~crs
M, Im ~ g f for
l mincral oils
raiaht
mild ndditivs
6;0...li,4
30,8...50,5
1i,4...39,3
3,.5...9,4
1,4
6.0
...
..
1 6 , l . over 54,s
4 6 , 1 . . . over 64.5
13,4...30,8
9,4...24,1
ht
ms Jsin%. For hypoid gG, from Eq. 1 of section 23.4.4; for spiral
Take thc highcst vduc Roughly c
gcars, e from Eq. 2 of sc-tion 25.5.4. M,
is thc s m ~ tarquc
g
abtained in the FZG standard ESt A [221193. 1941.
rnlwk = mlwc; mkg = mkgf; k 9 / m 1 = kgf/md.
<
.5:-
hudeirc0 hlyoid g w s 2, fies rafhcr at Ihc lowcr limit md Tor straight toothcd unhardencd &CL
Si1
For dA = RQ'
and 6 S 0,s Rb
S 0,15dbi
fd
2.83
2,27
1;10
134
1 2
1,17
r l 2 zd,co6d1 wsS,;
z,
P.+
in Tlbk 23/16
6 sIOd,looa~ j z l corresponding to b 5 10 :.,nI Tor Standard values Corni and
tri, SEC Tablc 22/15
b/Rb d 02, bldbl S 0,75
prcsrure rngk a,E 2W
8ddendum h,, =h, = m, for zaeearllrg
dtdcodum & = h,, = 1.1 m, W 1.3 m,'for zcto gearing
mutionil b a e W S,= 0.025 m. to 0.04 m.
..V,, 60 d,
O,9i
4-4
" %
Morcovcr:
i2
rat, E . z,
& S0,31 R W 2
TmIh widlhr
t0
m d
tg&-i
di = (1,3.. , 1,s)d,,/i
Profile displaccrncnt
AVildhabcr 123140!j
Q,s
z1 E
z=-tmo=
. =
s
a, =
tgdes;
C". 2
15...Si
j-__,____---
; 0,70
1 0.66
in Tablc 22/16
___--
/ / 1
bl s. fTab!c 23;;;
mormvcr: b z s 10 m
,
.
;
-0,lS d m 2 ;
or
Cm61 coaf8m
10
0,59
I1
12
13
14
032
0,44
0,3S
0,30
"unk
4- d,?
156
Ti& 231% Gmmetncd rclationships and dimcnsions for bevci guvr (Fig. 23/12)
Indcx I for puiion, indcx 2 for b v c i w h d , indcx n for quantiticr in Ihe normal s d o n . i n d u m for ilic middle of Ihc 100th
width, index E far quivalent spx g m , index 0 rcfcrs to pitch circlg indcx b rcfcrs ta opcrationnl rolling circle
Noic: UsuaUy rolhg w n c aod pitch w n c wincidc so Ihat we have 6, = 6.,. d = d ctc.
Dimcnrionr
Rclationship
AUS angle
.+
0
.2
E
5
c
.e
12
13
'5
E
..o
14
15
M.nuf*etudng dimcniioos (referrcd U> thc pitch circle at Ihe back wnc)
,
Pitch mnc anglc
&csrucanglc
Helix angle
Numbcr of tocIh
Pitch circle diameier
Modulc in thc t r a n r v c r w d o n
M&& in Ihe normal d o n
Pitch mnc k a m
T m & Mdth
deg.
deg.
deg.
601; 602
=o,w,; t g = o = t g w J o o s o
80
=I* %
Ra
b
nun
mm
= 0.5ddain6,
Tipmeaagle
Tiian.de
Addmdum
paiendum
Addcndvm Nclc diamctcr
Backcooilength
Mu. h d -
l7
V-
( r c f d ta thc middle of
b
fb=-=-sin61=-sin62
b
da1
1
hl
l;nl.m,,,=-rmn.m
W i d t h r i m m b k 2311)
Addendum
mm
Pmhlc displscacnt
mm
Eq&-
b
fb=
db2
dblY;a+i
rpm in
I I
~
8
6
~
ie -- zC n/zcl= i
= tg6Pjtg61 i,=.ii:
mad2
j
~ , ~ = y l ~ a zd. s~= ;d w a 6 e
za~=z1Yi;41-?i7;2
d = d m ~ a o e 6 1 = d b l ( l - f ~ ) / w 6z~ l Z = i m
dC2= dne/wt862 = d e l - i ,
m, = G1/zl = d,Jz,~ =.d,dze2
d a = d d m
d= G d
m = m.ws,
= d,lwag,/z,l
b, = 6
=zC1-ZJZ;
z<,,* = ze2.zn/z
wi~hz,& from Table 22/21
163
Tiblc 2W3. Gcometrical relationship and dimension fcr displaccd bevel gears Mth 6, = 900 (Fig. 23120)
Index 1 for pinion, 2 for bevel wheel, indexp for crown-whsel: indcs c fr>icquii~nlentspiir gcars: indcx s for equivalent
spiral gears: index ni foi m a n dirnensions of bevel gears, index n far skes in normal section
I Uniu I
Dimmrionr
Rdawodiips
op = Rmisin q p
Rcduction ratio
Number af tceth
Displaccmcnt angle
Anglc ofwntact
M-
idmddaz
- cosv,
~"QP
for negative axial dirplaccmcnt, Pm I < Brne,
cmwn whal
dcg.
! mm
an
dmz m g m n
dml; d - 2 ; dmi = -- - - = ~ i : eoahi
Wl
sin bs
Moddc in aormal d o n
Pitch w n e length
ToothMdth
=
Prodle displaccmat (Tablc 2314)
Addadm
mm
/ mz I
Minda&g
Eqdvsknt ipfril 8-
b ~ $0,18 d,?;
~
, = - =~ m z " 'm
m
ht,i. htmz
b1=bJcoaqp+3mn@plp
~
Hclix angle
Prcrsurr aogic in normal d o n
ReduFtion RBtio
~ u m b of
a W (Pitch cirde diamdp
Module in n o d d
in-&)
,-2.n
1
-861
C-6n
z = z,/msOl;
dri = d , , , l / ~ d l ;
mm
mm
pm6lc
212 =
d.2
%/~69
=dmdwdn
m,.=m
'
e g ~ - e r - w - ~ - C ~ a : - c - ~ ~ o 0)t (darod-U>-&W-pointk,
i
Rcdudion r a j o
Numba o f W (non-integer)
ze2 = zc &,
ld;
dmz
Pitch cirdc d i a m w
dd=
cosd2msPqp
Modu'e normal d o n
Too& Mdth
z r n 1 = z e l z J ~ ; Z ~ , , ~ = Z , ~ ~ with
J Z Z J Z fmmTablc22121
Numba of m t h . normal &an
Pmphaal velocity
o = al = dml nJ19100
for prodle displaczmcnt und addcndum sec mcan dimcnsions
15 s
E20
H22
E 10
H 10
1%
100
178
L78
i
19
4
20
9,75
10,7
mmi
Y.
rmm1
14
42,5 3,75
66
S,B2
67
838
['I
QQ28'
10' @'
W o28"
20" 34'
Tabk U/1 Empirical valuer for 2,. 2,. d/o. rr, =z, +,?X, and S,
E-worms: normal k,= 0 (buiit wilhim thc limits =-1 i o + 1 ). H-worms: normal 2r,= 2 (buiit within thc limits = I ro 3)
Check Tor undercurting in thc ctntrc oT thc whcel (Tor A - w o n as lirniling case): I , g Zh,.,,/(m sin2 U)
Tlic calcuidtcd valucz ean bc a non.in1cgcr backiash oFthc whcel flank iccording to [24/31. S
, Ip! ni (0.3 z, + I I ) + 25
>
200
24 Worm Gearing
'The cquaiion Tor4 war uscd ar a first approximation according to data on lilc by Tuplin 12411061. (Adcquaic nuinbcr o l
iesi daia wer; not availsble.)
Teble 2414. Twth shapc factars /, and y, for I< and ii,
..
Worm
Whccl r h
mndc of
Stccl hardcned m d
ground
4
5
10
not 810und
Grcy casting
CI 18
madc of
..'
kpf,!&,2
J'-
I
1
1,lO
Cu-Sn-Bronrc
Al-doy
Pwrlitc casting
0.8
0,425
Cu-Sn-Bronze
Al-doy
Zinc-doy
C1 12
0,4i
0,23
0,17
0.4
1.8
Cu-Sn-Bronzc
Al-~OY
CI 12
0,4
0,3
0.35
1.16
1.30
1,-
1.5
l,5
1.5
1,?
202
24 Worm Gcaring
Tpbls 24%. Velocity cocfficicnt'/. = 2/(2
+ V:")
for km,
'Cwfficientr accotding to AGMA 124141; far largcr construdon sizcs probably t m unfavourable (sufficicnl nurnber af
tertr not available).
Tablc 2419. Coefficient
V.
Blower
without . .
With . . .
.
.
1 200 (
400
G00
1 600 ( 1 W O ( 1200 /
1GOO
and
J,
1 1
-7
1400
~ i 24/19.
~ . Total cfficicncyq for E-worrn drives acFig. 24/20. Total efficicncy q for H-worni drives ac
~ ~ ~ d toi nTable
g 24/13.
cording 10 Table 24/13.
~ o t t c dbundlc of lincs- recorded exarnple Tor n, = IWO. 0 = 200, and i = 10.
U/rnin = rpm.
203
Tablc 24/11 Rcsults af comparison tcrtr with E - w o m drive, G- and H-warm drive under snme operational conditions with
the best design: Axial distance 178 mm according to 124121
E = ilvolute w o m , G = glaboii worm (cone worm), H = follovr flank worm (Cavex)
z,/z,
Dimension
Flank limit
Objestianr
24,4
91,O
24,9
91.5
29.7
91.3
/ 1 pit
/ without
light grooves
Tablc 24/13. Exampler for E- and H-worm dnves derircd in the best way. r, = 40. material pairing I (Table 2415).
Calculated: total efficiency r( for limiting power of Ranks N and& = I ; tcmpcraturc limiting power N for-the model with
blowei aod for givcn q. For corresponding diagrams for ,V,. N and see Figs. 24/19 to 24/24
n
dm,
,- n,
"l
1
3
l0
250
500
1000
2000
87.0
89.4
908
91.5
1 I1
250
500
1000
2c0
56,O
77,s
80.5
82,3
0,53 C 0,577
0,91 j0.701
1.46 1 0,963
2,19
1.59
81,8
@,2
872
88,3
11
250
5(M
0,378 ; 0,380
0,636 0,432
1.01 i0,630
1.51
71.2
76,l
79,O
80,i
1 0,264
56,O
62,l
66.0
68,4
-1
40
250
500
. .1000
2000
45.6
49.5
53.6
56.4
H P
2000
1 1
1/
'
'1
o,i
0,281
0.463
0,711
1.04
i0,310
0,403
0.646
5,28
8.42
123
17.4
1
j
'
1
1
3.51
5,71
8,66
12,2
2,42
3,86
5.78
8,03
100
ZOO
78
12
1 %
100
23mm
20
50 nim
"l
62,O
65,i
69.2
71,6
1,
--
:,E0
5.10
7,15
11s
2,i4
140
I 2 I/
88,4
. 3,62 90.7
/
'
22,4 i 1 5 , ~
342 20.1
47,s 1 28.7
60.7 j 43.7
5,W
8,45
92,O
922
1,74
2.26
3,13
5,13
1.73
1.14
2.G
4
3,86
1,91
5.31 j 3.11
1
!
I
i
I
20
1
40+
250
,500
1000
2000
250
500
1000
2000
47.7
530
59.5
64,s
I
'
0,307
0.50
0,780
l.10
0,274
0,330
0,462
0,600
75,1
80,9
85,O
86,8
3 ,
4,92
7,34
10,2
60,2 i 1,90
68,5 ( 3,M
74,2 1 4,36
76.8
602
/ ~2.w
2.82
XI=
[HP)
[HP]
211
295
386
473
277
--93.4
94,s
94,7
94,s
140
200
266
333
90,o
1 149
113
-.
216
89,O
92,O 1 55,2
90.9 132
71.5
9i,2 176
893
90.9 I224
130
'31.6
42,4
62,3
1x1
!%,8
95.
95,9
95,7
385
544
i1 26,O
38.6
93,3
94,4
94.4
94,O
124
178
233
300
1 1
71
17" i 100
23.8
14,3
6
215
87.5
89,6
89,E'
890
70,O I 48,7
62.8
1aO
132
76.0
170
1%
11 i
1 :1
Nxr
;I
91,s , 33,4 20,3
93.1
50.5 1 27.1
94,l ! 69,5 1 38,s
94.2 90,4 59.4
4.33
5.42
65.8
89.5
91.3
91.2
1.26
1,il
2.52
412
75.5
81.3
84.2
84.2
! 19,s
j 29,7
42,O
55.8
/ 12,2
l7,8
j
340
420
90,O
1117
142
196
Fig. 24121
Fig. N 2 2
Fig. 24/21 and 24/22. Limibg powcrs N, and N, for E-worm drive suording to Table 24/13
Doacd bundlc of lincr - recorded u m p l c for n, = 1000, 0 = 200, and i = 10.
PS = HP; V/min = rpm.