Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Contenido
Parte 1
Parte 2
Modelos de lneas
Reflexin de ondas de tensin y corriente
Impedancia caractersticas y mximo flujo
Regulacin, perdidas y parmetros generales
Compensacin serie y paralela de lneas
Factores de diseo:
CA vs. CC
Nivel de voltaje y potencia
Distancias elctricas y aterrizado (Grounding)
Area o subterrnea
Descargas ambientales (Lightning)
Condiciones climticas (hielo, viento)
Terreno (RoW), geografa, altitud, cercana al mar
Proteccin Medio ambiente, EMF (Electromagnetic Field Interference)
Tipos de estructuras:
Caractersticas de Conductores
Tipos de conductores:
Conductores de Aluminio:
Caractersticas de Conductores
Sub-Conductores (Bundle):
Caractersticas de Aisladores
Disco estndar
25.4cm dimetro
24.6cm alto
Caractersticas de Conductores/Aisladores
Resistencia
Resistencia
Conductividad de conductores
Inductancia
Inductancia
Inductancia
GMR
Inductancia
0
R1
R2
1
i
ln
i
ln
1
2
'
2
d12
r1
Rn
in ln
d1n
0
1
1
1
i1 ln ' i2 ln
2
d12
r1
1
in ln
d1n
0
i1 ln R1 i2 ln R2
2
in ln Rn
Inductancia
Therefore ifTherefore
true
a balanced
i j 0, which
if iis
0, in
which
is true in a balanced
j 1
j 1
three phase
system, then the second term is zero and
0
1
1
1
1
i1 ln '
i20ln
1 in ln 1
2 1
id112ln ' i2 ln d1n
r1
2
d12
r1
1 L11i1 L12i2 L1nin
1 L11i1 L12i2
1
in ln
d1n
L1nin
El sistema
tiene
mutuas,nce.
pero However
estas pueden ser
eliminadas
para
sistemas
3be
balanceados
simtricos
balanced 3the
systems
with
symmetry.
mutual
inductance
can
canceled for
Inductancia
Para dos conductores en paralelo (corriente opuesta)
separados a una distancia R
R
y
R
Rp
Direccin de integracin
Inductancia
left
x
Lleft
x
0 Rp
Rp R
I ln
ln
2 r '
R
0 I ln Rp ln r ' ln( Rp R) ln R
2
R
Rp
0 I ln ln
2 r '
Rp R
R
0 I ln as Rp
2 r '
R
0 ln H/m
2 r '
Inductancia
La inductancia total se calcula como:
Si rx=ry=r, entonces:
Inductancia
Inductancia
Inductancia
i
ln(
)
i
ln(
)
i
ln(
)
i
i
a
a
b
c
a
b c
Hence
r'
0
1 i ln 1
i
ln
a
a
2
r '
D
0
D
ia ln
2
r'
0 D 4 107
5
La
ln
ln
3
2 r '
2
9.67 10
1.25 106 H/m
Inductancia
Trasposicin de Lneas
Inductancia
1
1
1
I a ln r ' I b ln d I c ln d
12
13
1 0
1
1
1
I a ln I b ln
I c ln
3 2
r'
d13
d 23
1 0
3 2
1
1
1
I
ln
I
ln
I
ln
c
a r' b d
23
12
Inductancia
Sabiendo
que: that
Recognizing
Recognizing that
1
1
3
1
(ln
a
ln
b
ln
c
)
ln(
abc
)
1
3
3(ln a ln b ln c) ln(abc)
3
We
can simplify so
SeWe
llega
cana:simplify so
1
I ln 1 I ln
1
1
I a ln I b ln
1
0 a rr '' b d12 d13d 23 133
d12d13d 23
a 0
1
mean distance (GMD)
the geometric
Define
a
1
2 I c ln
1
(GMD)
Define the geometric
I c ln d12 dmean
1 distance
13
13d 23
3
3
d
d
d
Dm
d12 d2313d123
12 13
3
D mfor a balanced
d12 d13d323 system
( I a - Ib - I c )
Then
Asumiendo
GMD=Dm3=(d
- I c ) 3 balanceado Ia=-(Ib+Ic):
( I ay un- Isistema
system
for a balanced
Then
12d13d23)
b
D
1
1
a 0 I a ln 1 I a ln 1 0 I a ln Dm
a 20 I a ln r ' I a ln Dm 20 I a ln rm'
r'
Dm 2
r'
Hence 2
Hence
D
D
La 0 ln m 2 107 ln m H/m
D
D
Inductancia
Sub-conductores (Bundling)
Inductancia
Sub-conductores (Bundling)
3 4
9 10
5 6
11 12
7 8
i 1
1
1
1
a
ln
ln
ln ln
d12
d13
d14
4 r'
0 ib 1
1
1
1
1
ln
ln
ln
ln
2 4 d15
d16
d17
d18
B
ic 1
1
1
1
ln
ln
ln
ln
4
d
d
d
d
19
1,10
1,11
1,12
Inductancia
Simplificando
Simplifying
1
i ln
1
a
4
(
r
'
d
d
d
)
12 13 14
1
1 0 ib ln
2
( d d d d ) 14
15 16 17 18
ic ln
1
4
(
d
d
d
d
)
19
1,10
1,11
1,12
Inductancia
Dgeometric
geometric
meanDistance)
distanceof
(GMD)
of
D
mean distance
(GMD)
1bGMD (Geometric
Definiendo
Mean
entre
conductor
1b
1 y fase bconductor
(D1b) como:
conductor
to phase b.
1 to phase1 b.
D1b
D1Dc 1c
1
1
4 D D D D
4d
d
d
)
(d15d16d17(dd15
)
D
D3b
16
17
18
2b D4b
3b Dab 4b
ab
18
2b
1
1
4 D D D D
4 dD
D(1dc19 d1,10 d(1,11
d19dd1,12
)
D3c 2c D4c
1,10)d1,11
1,12
3c Dac 4 c
ac
2c
Inductancia
L1
1
0
1
i
ln
i
ln
a
R a D
2
b
D
0
I a ln
2
Rb
D
0
4 I1 ln
2
Rb
D
0
4 ln
2
Rb
But remember
eachtiene
bundle
b conductors por fase (4 en
Como
cada bundle
b has
sub-conductores
este
ejemplo),
entonces:
in parallel
(4 in
this example). So
La L1 / b
0 D
ln
2 Rb
Inductancia
r 1.24 102 m
0.25 M
0.25 M
0.25 M
5
La 0 ln
7.46 107 H/m
2 0.12
Reduccin a 60% del valor original
4
1
Inductancia
Capacitancia
Capacitancia
Capacitancia
Capacitancia
Como Dxy=Dyx :
Con Dxx=Dyy=r :
Capacitancia
Capacitancia
2we
D
D
haver
mutual capacitance we'll again assume
C
B
D
a uniformly
transposed
line.VFortheqprevious
a
ln
a
2 r
three conductor example:
Va V
Since q a = C Va
qa
2
Va
ln D r
Capacitancia
(rd12
d1n )
Capacitancia
For the
the case
case of
For
of uniformly
uniformly transposed
transposed lines
lines we
we
Sub-conductores
use the
the same
same GMR,
,, as
before.
use
GMR, D
Dm
as
before.
m
2
C
D
Dm
ln
ln m R cc
Rb
b
where
where
1
13
D
d
d
d
m
ac bc 3
Dm
d ab
ab d ac dbc
1
c
1n
c
Rb
((rd
rd12 d
)) n (note
rr NOT
R
d
(note
NOT
1
n
b
12
1n
-12
in
in air
air
8.854
10
oo 8.854 10-12 F/m
F/m
r')
r')
Capacitancia
Capacitancia
Solucin
Rbc
Dm
C
Xc
1
(0.01 0.3 0.3) 3
1
(10 10 20) 3
0.0963 m
12.6 m
2 8.854 1012
C
2 60 1.141 1011 F/m
2.33 108 -m (not / m)
Conductores ACSR
GMR is equivalent a r
Inductancia y Capacitancia
asumiendo Dm=GMD=1ft.
Conductores ACSR
Dm
X L 2 f L 4 f 10 ln
1609 /mile
GMR
1
3
2.02 10 f ln
ln Dm
GMR
1
3
2.02 10 f ln
2.02 103 f ln Dm
GMR
7
Termino independiente
Del conductor con
Dm en pies
Conductores
To use the phase ACSR
to neutral capacitance from table
2 0
XC
-m where C
Dm
ln
r
Dm
1
6
1.779 10 ln
-mile (table is in M-mile)
f
r
1
1 1
2 f C
Termino independiente
Del conductor con
Dm en pies
Conductores ACSR
GMR
=
0,0313
Outside Diameter = 0.07725 feet (radius = 0.03863)
Outside
Diameter
= 0.07725
feet
(radius
= 0.03863)
Dimetro
exterior
= 0.07725
pies
Radio
= 0.03863 pies
Assuming a one foot spacing at 60 Hz
Assuming a one foot spacing at 60 Hz
Reactancia
1
7
1
X a 2 60 2 10
1609
ln
/mile
X a 2 60 2 10 7 1609 ln
/mile
0.0313
0.0313
X 0.420 /mile, which matches the table
X aa 0.420 /mile, which matches the table
For the capacitance
For the capacitance
Susceptancia
1
61 1
4
1
X
1.779
10
ln
9.65
10
6
4
X CC f 1.779 10 ln r9.65 10 -mile-mile
f
r