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<&<fiyi^At^M.
THE CHRISTIAN
CITIZEN,
REVIEW
A. D.
EDDY
Newark, N.
"
J.-
Two
" The precious spark of liberty (was) kindled and preserved by the Puritans
alone, and it is to this Sect, that the English owe the whole freedom of their
constitution."
Hume,
NEW-YORK:
S.
TAY
145
LOR & CO
NASSAU-STREET.
Entered according
John
S.
Taylor,
to the act of
2.*2-
*"
WILLIAM
S.
DORR, PRINTER,
183 Fulton-street.
.-..;
/^
A.%. tfC".
>
"
:
**^
ADVERTISEMENT
Tee
is
the stated
From
and
to his congregation, to
The unexpected
interest
submit them
due
felt it
himself
attention
to
to their consideration.
sources, forbid
and authorities as
men must
may
The
necessity
pages
to
be relied upon.
do
may
own
principles,
laid
known and
This necessity
it
effort to
Newark, N.
/.,
for
Feb., 1843,
even
yet,
truth.
felt,
than
is,
with
CONTENTS.
TAGH.
Government
in General
Its Origin
and Claims
13
........
16
22
24
the
Principles of
Religious Liberty
26
28
Administration of Washington.
The
29
of Infidelity
Necessity of a correct
33
ment
43
The Importance
The Value
The Duty
of maintaining the
Supremacy of
Laws.
49
51
cf selecting
Men
the
The
Influence
High Church
59
65
Institutions of our
Country
76
CONTENTS.
YI
The
The High
The
Forms of Worship,
..
120
134
The
opposed
to the
127
Reformation
decidedly Calvinistic
The
114
their Influ-
Piety
The
98
109
'.
&c
Influonce of
85
of Archbishop Whately.
ence,
The
...
...
Church
Views
78
83
Word
of
High Church
God
who
138
are educated
143
in their belief.
Their Practical Tendency the same as Romanism, and destructive of Moral Distinctions, and of the practical and
Concluding Remarks.
..........
....
145
..
150-
INTRODUCTION,
To
N.
Jt
we
are
we are summoned
to
acknowledge
American Thanksgiving.
It arose
which
stand, venerated
stand,
I love to
the institution of an
and
of times
intellectual
Many
oft
all
Amid
fa-
filial
may have
upon the Father of
calamities, they
reliance
goodness.
Instead of a
fast,
w ell
T
it
was suggested
Commonwealth.
The instrument
INTRODUCTION,
V11I
all,
Christ, as claiming
common
manly
GOVERNOR
less, if
Christianity.
they
gospel of Christ.
;
other,
and religion
is
when
diffusing the
Though
there
is
community, the diffusive influence, and elastic power of Christianity, to control the minds and hearts of men, in the relations
of civil and political
life.
There
is
no
intellectual
culture
spirit
shall perish.
The
favorable
principles dis-
when
delivered,
They
are
commended
may
to
more highly
immu-
which our
and religious
institutions confer.
That
nities
civil
is
without
many alarming
INTRODUCTION.
indications
we
IX
efforts to
remove them,
be expected.
is to
is
evils,
not to
moral
efficient agent.
am
I intend to
While
civil
governments greatly
vitality
ments;
its
features.
spirit,
and shaping
much towards
religion does
government, and
to
severity of
its
mitigating
Hence the
its
eccle-
imparting
increasing the
empires, and the almost equal tyranny of Spain and the Italian
States.
and
It is
from
religion, that
this
same
we meet
cruelty of the
of citizenship
land,
Britain,
institutions,
no superior, but its divine Master. Any ecclesiastical polityharmonizing with other forms of civil government, is obviousl
INTRODUCTION.
soil,
a heavenly origin in
and, whatever
its
support.
Our
civil
arrived,
their defense.
this, at
my
lime.
ty the most
To some of
is
my
and
even
Christian community.
these,
civil
sufficiently considered
attention.
There
which leads
is
church and
in the state.
And
right or
most
this is the
where it
violently usurped, but where
is
rapid,
and
diffi-
claimed by hereditary
it is
first,
delegated by popular
for
the purpose of
instructive
" evangelical
was
The gospel,
at
first,
its
breathed
Christianity,"
apostolical times,
and
for
cils,
The Word
of
God was
sole arbiter
the interpretations and decisions of church counWhile the " power of the spirit" clothed
in the second.
in the first
INTRODUCTION.
XI
From
into the
ment of her
and moral
effort
faith
discipline,
whom
and
felt
the settle-
left
in the spiritual
she
responsibility.
farther concentration of
hundred years
is
and
man
is
in
seven
found enthroned
This
No
in the
shelter to the
fly for
bosom of an
iron
despotism.
The
And
and would throw power back from the few to the many.
this
it
does, not
tions of
by any
direct
government, but by
and
on the func-
forcible action
or
by rendering legislative enactments, governmental restraints and coercion needless, so that the vast, delegated power to frame and enforce laws shall be comparatively
Whes. men are intelligent and moral enough to
unnecessary.
in other words,
demand
is,
be no such
and martial
power.
Thus
Christ
left
with his
spirit divine
its
only Head.
if
INTRODUCTION.
Xll
the principles
hope of God.
Here was raised the voice of the eloquent and revered
Witherspoon pleading the principles of civil and religious freedom. Here our Caldwell fell, their stern and able advocate.
Through these
lence.
streets our fathers were driven, by foreign vioEvery rod of earth around us is enriched by their
blood.
On
every
hill
men
that
leligion of mankind.
And
were
started
their purchase
hands.
A. D. E.
Feb., 1843.
1. CIVIL
The
make
the claims
Roman,
asked, " Is
it
Rom in supremacy
??'
The
before him,
God's."
God
and sustain
it
and
in
prepares
human
is there any
demands which the laws and
authority impose,
when
men
them good
for the
one,
not in colliChristianity
human
subjects to honor
its
the existence of
who has
and no man
is
of the other.
sometimes
14
into execution.
whom
duty devolves."
this
prehensive terms,
And
is in this
it
it
is
and
compelled
is
to
it
so interesting to
is
as each one
becomes a
consti-
its
its
support.
in
Its
the
Dismissing the
last
two,
may have
as-
which
the
which,
if
in
their ceaseless
popular
mind
we mistake
everywhere
not, the
demands,
and
at Providence,
t It
is
Nov., 1842,
p.
11.
its
own
consti-
They are neither democracy, aristocracy nor monarThey form together a mixed government, compounded of these
a Democracy.
chy.
God
that.
for
15
He,
in
mercy, destines
all
mankind yet
to sustain
and enjoy.
Under
this form,
virtue,
Every
is
the animating
and exclusive
selfish
its
session
of
glory and
his
its
Froud
breast.
distinction
and his
popular
whom
it
is
if
the form."
It is
Having
ernment,
we
trust that
it
is
that
"form" of gov-
God's purpose
us and to those
the legitimate
fruit
to
secure for
us this principle as
of the form when properly underafter
We
this idea of
government.
God seem
to favor
Reverting
to
first
principles,
we
" the
powers
that
marked
be, ordained of
God;" but we
composed
that while
find clearly
which
it is
virtu-
by the union
16
is
to
meet and
terests of ignorance
manly
and wickedness.
Under
the salu-
men
wisdom and
silence, subdue or
their
of another
communion
who
ment
'
to
all
and govern-
reared.
ral agents,
will
in their penalties
what
out and
more
and
civil life.
administration,
God was
17
monarch of
in fact the
his people
was not
God
it is
true
was the
king,
Hebrew
arrangements of the
state
To
to all
the
commandments, and
receiving through them the wishes of the people, submitted their requests to the decision of God.
at first
view,
if
All this
may
an aristocratical monarchy
this,
but beyond
we
and
all this,
or per-
to
ratification."
paramount
influ-
be submitted to them
empower
government.
An
18
how
was understood
somewhat remarkable, that
little
it
not
the laws of
liberty?
know
which
is
work
Judah and
Israel.
a government
they came
It
was
to the
independence throughout
history.
And
yet,
all
because
it
do not
They were
know
here
is
a people remarkably
Though
were
free in
choosbg
their
own form
laws
They
of government;
laws
were
at liberty to
change
it
when
they desired.
It
con-
19
each under
leader con-
its
stituting a little
own
which
ledge, in
their
Nor
laws.
is
my know-
to
the re-
consent,"
"
No nobler people
industry
cence
wealthy,
ready
at
Hebrews.
but without
Inured
to
honorable
ostentatious
magnifi-
Israel, perfectly
ground of an equality of
brings
It
It
to character
rights, of
obligation.
all
harmonise the
it
destines
them
spirit
retributions of a
of the Lord
is,
a com-
manding
level as
all to
common
lost in the
eternity.
com-
life
and of gov-
20
ernment been
laid aside,
The
gospel in
its spirit
human passion
rate
mankind.
It
comes
to
to
mode-
to
to
go
free.
would impart
It
that constitution
Here
deed.'
it
where men may say we are free inall mankind in the hopes
'
all
The
men
forming
would equalise
"
the ele-
all
is
bond nor
religion,"
free.
acknowledge
the law."
"This same
religion,"
panion of liberty in
all
its
the cradle of
its
flicts
of
claims."
its
What
men
to be,
govern-
can be secured.
principles
THE CHRISTIAN
21
CITIZEN".
pendent men.
The
hope and the struggle to attain that, by government and law alone, which can be secured and enjoyed
by that only which lies back of government and law,
try, is the
enlightened,
Christian
virtuous
gives to government
its
principle
that
;
to
which
law
its
and radiant
and
from
its
>>,*,
civil
obli-
and the Christian preacher, as one of the members of the civil community, and as one of the expounders of the divine law and the principles of moral respongations
sibility, is to aid
its
laws.
He
Master
to
God's
God
state, to
govern
There
is
22
that
law stretches
its
the majesty of
ing power.
The
to
reverence
character
its
respect
it
its
would confer.
its
men.
its
and
administration as
its
and party
for personal
institutes,
in its
subjects,
origin
Its
men
and
im-
but they
Government
growing
in
wisdom
distinctions.
made
his
rudeness or irreverence.
The
which overlooks
and pur-
by imposing a
vigilant inspection
nance, and
when
there
is
to
its
And
good in
own
spoils.
23
to the
No
ments.
contending
enlist
whether
all,
in
unreason-
its
in
under the
power
for its
secondary
tion,
to
or
In
become
madness of
lost in the
faction.
Thus
blind attachment
government, degrades
the
"
power of God.
ple," says
Andrew
this
The
Fuller,
"should be an attachment
to
it."
When Nero
God and
a divine Christianity.
With these views of the civil relations and that ordinance which defines the obligations of the citizen to the
state,
may
Too
fruitful the
often is
government
its
it
subordinate office
strance that
men,
come up from
Amid
perhaps
24
of
laws.
its
ends
to
Human
on
in vain,
There
tional calamities.
no foreign invasion
exist
sterility
open and
there
is
no
no pestilence,
all
embarrassment
commerce of
free.
in vain,
till
we
the world
causes of
for
of
God
to cultivate
In addition
government,
of God,
when
is
its
in the
whom
to this
it
and maintain.
made
and
powers,
for
Whosoever,
in
all
owes
citizen
Be
the
to
this it
subject
to
of God.
themselves condemnation.
dues
tribute to
honor
first
of
to
whom
all
whom
honor.
custom
to all their
whom
to
custom
and
Render, therefore,
tribute
made
for
all
men;
for
may
and
kings
lead a
and honesty
THE CHRISTIAN
25
CITIZEN.
for this is
Savior.
It
we
must be remembered,
governments such as
that in
from
office
rest in the
and the
state
Safety
is
found only in
the
Here
is
whence
ture of office.
Here
state.
With them
legis-
lation
On
Government,
God.
The
God
and
is
then secured
becomes
the
give
it
their
becoming
to
most
efficient support
their responsibilities,
its
ciiizens,
maintenance,
to
which threatens
it
by
its
pros-
perity.
It is
nition.
The
annals of
all
its
ancient
They
rose, flourish-
26
ed,
known
We
reli-
search in
awed by
capitals,
and of
civil life
judgments of God.
Another chapter
government
opened, and a
is
The
arises.
unheeded are
vain, anl
its
new economy
solemn admonitions.
God
war with
the
and
virtue
religion,
binding
is
of
in
Cities,
violently
souls
and
world
to the iron
arm of
the judgments of
God
But a
begins.
less
continent,
bosom
to
man
the "
We look for
of sin."
in vindication of truth
new
unknown
and the
course of providence
for ages,
opens
its
stain-
the
Christ.
A new
government
God,
men
intelli-
we
for a purpose,
is
;
believe, of restoring
civil liberty
as
cient
trious
men came
These
illus-
free
They
quent.
the one,
God
petitioned neither
their
and conse-
liberty subordinate
civil
were
primary object*
27
till
prepared
because
it
the state as to
it,
its
God
statutes,
ment since
its
common
No
law.
was so
as
its
govern-
distinctly
and
was
its
and
basis,
it
was
of knowing no religion,
its
instinct with
it
founded, through
judicial
principle
all
its
branches,
its
but religion as
bond of union.
Thus
-egislative, military,
ment, so evidently
of Christianity
plainness defined.
was
Word
of God.
was founded a
this established
As
all
religious govern-
on the principles
And
we
was
in the
were
clearly as
as
Instead
its spirit.
knew nothing
As
clearly
ernment, as
institutions,
spirit
of
its
28
posing principles
which,
it
may
with which to
and before
Yet
deserted us.
The
conflict,
come over
us.
American
society,
and
to
There was a
two great divisions of the
religious principles and the chief
settlement.
no
little
anxiety as to the
final results.
to their
states,
The
founders.
its
fled,
of
from
repeated recognitions of
providence.
Days
God and
THE CHRISTIAN
29
CITIZEN.
The
common
marked throughand
leligious principle,
great
to
Christianity.*
and
virtue
this
religion,
statesman.
ought not
To
to
be inattentive
we
certainly
it
should be
* Sept. 11th,
In 1782,
it
was voted
1778
Mar.
May
"a day
17th as
six
of
months
to observe
10,
we
1781
find these
all its
benign influences,
may
cover the
Nov.
1,
Congress
Nov.
1777,
in
day
for public
of the
to the
for
is
this
emphatic declaration
"
On
every
man
urged, each in his station, and by his influence, the practice of true
is the
3*
THE CHRISTIAN
30
The
Christians.
CITIZEN.
signal instances
of
his providential
in
The
all
opinions of great
Christian
the
sustain
to the
Supreme
good."
practices of such a
men
religion
man
as
opinions and
the
but
George Washington,
attest-
impair the
fair
fame of
this great
And we
are based.
to
but an attempt
civil interests
bound
feel
man, and
is
and every
ranks
into their
country.
him
as their own," and this they have done upon high autho-
rity to
which they
rable foundation on
*
Thomas
tells
me
Jefferson in his
that
he had
it
'
Ana,''
to sustain
But
rest.*
Feb.
the mise-
in this, says
Rush
1,
when
the
clergy
ment,
it
was observed in
said a word
any occasion,
he had never, on
which showed
a belief in the
Christian religion, and they thought they should so pen their address
as to force
him
Christian or not.
They
did so.
However,
whether he were a
for them.
He answered every article parwhich he passed over without notice. " I
know that Governeur Morris, who pretended to be in his secrets and
believed himself to be so, has often told me that General Washington
old fox
Writings, vol.
Why
iv. p.
Jefferson's
512.
when he was
inti-
THE CHRISTIAN
the
same distinguished
CITIZEN.
author,
and their
31
" they
have
efforts will
signally-
soon be
all
Nothing
is
ends of
its
wise government.
all
Washington was a
that
to his
He was
life.
not a
from principle,
at
God
communion
of
with a cordiality
commended
the principles and virtues of a divine and spiritual Christianity to the friends
"
And every
redeems
is
his
fame from
welcomed by
part of the
calumny
any way
common
treasure of mankind."*
mate with General Washington from 1769, and that for four years
while he was Secretary of State, he says, " their intercourse was
daily confidential and cordial."
*
Vol.
II. p.
349.
In 1779-80, the
quarters at
Mr. Johns
to
,f
and the
The
officers
it
was changed,
service of the
at
in that
church
Morristown.
In a
morning of the previous week, the General visited the house of the
Rev. Dr. Johns, and thus accosted him " Doctor, I understand ;hat
:
is
to
32
to the
ment of
istered.
this
We
which
demoralizing influence of
greatly
and
increased
it
the
to
admin-
at first
aggravated
this
and
diversity
its
work adverse
whose professed
principles
Long and
to the stern
and
liberty,
or imaginary, of aristocratical
affinity.
The
restraints of
to
the
was dear
And while
to the latter.
greatly
excited
and
would learn
agitated
state of the
world abroad,
if it
table
The General
of whatever name."
as
I
it
ought to be
would ascertain
that occasion.
nonexclusive
but as
it
replied,
from yourself, as
followers,
all his
"I am glad
of
it,
fact, I
that
is
thought
welcome, and the General was found seated with the communicants
the next Sabbath."
There
are
Dr.
living
witnesses
to
the verity
of
this
and
other
of Christ.
33
to
a state of
phrensy.
to us
It
our
race.
The depressed
many
state of morals in
sections of the
posed
of
its
to
concentrating
influence,
An
required but
It
some commanding
some
object
of
who had
country,
written
his
name
structure, and
whole nation, had
become familiar with the principles of French philosophy
both in politics and religion.'
He had enjoyed the
society and
civil
to the
spirit of that
them in
ment of
Infidelity
had done
its
work on
power of
in-
pean scepticism, and animated with the speculative philosophy of revolutionary France, and aided by the peculiar circumstances of the country at that time, found
34
own hand
in his
power of turning
the
the
scale
in.
Under such
stances, he enters
high
office
responsibilities of his
was as
Instead of the
stern
the conservative
energies of
government, lending
aid to the
its
confederate
Christian
advancement of
virtue
religion,
One
if
to
elevate
there
was a determination
most enlarged
liberty,
A demand
5,
M. L. Davis,
in
the
Davis, vol.
II.
pp. 71-74.
was made
Burr, by
in the
ruins of the
Memoirs of Aaron
35
jubilee
its
the nation
life,
its
Low,
to a flame.
had
infidelity
ministered.
And
many
while
this distinguished
on the morals of
man, we
this nation,
and
feel
it
following
for
some
which he embraced
the principles
it,
in
refinement and in
its
its
grossness,
went
at the seat of
Not a
New
discuss
its
its
It
government, but
Paine,
only
Tom
it
among
the mountains
of
its
claims
while every
When
its
Jefferson
was
avowed
its
reward.
36
the
way
that the
burden of respon-
young men
He
sought
deep and
down
and
that
he dictated, as well as
to
one of the
latest epistles
conso-
The
t
life
were
letter of
Mr. Jefferson
to
his correspondence
la
He
this
charges the apostles with "stupidity and roguery,'' and says, "of
" The serious enemies are the priests of the different religious sects, to
whose
tile as
spells
its
improvement
unite in maintaining
believe there
is
their
mystical
all
sects
The
;
is
to
ominous.
Hos-
We
We
his life
Of
37
must decide.
When
Dr.
D wight
infi-
delity,
modern scep-
ticism.
Men
dency.
to
was needed
to
;"
was no
law.
arms of a des-
catastro-
began
minds as wax
in
to
of
But
in spite
of
use
and give
fair
88
were loud
own
may
in his praise.
" that
men
be wrong, yet
at first frequently
truth of his
at last
own case, and we no longer wonder that, in the language of his own eulogist biographer, " it was the fate
his
of
Thomas
Jefferson
be
to
at
ever admiration
no respect
is
may be
gious principles.
tudes
Having
became ready
neglected and
to
;"
and what-
moral and
to his
reli-
vilified Christianity.
As by common conbecame
aid to the
order and
interesting chapter
is
stability of
the
state.
An
we come
to the
war of 1812.
and vulgar
infidelity, as
it
paves the
way
The immediate
its
prostrated
We
away, but
do not recollect,
that,
in
high places.
39
The
tal.
its
virtue
anywhere
at the capi-
rapid intelligence to the community, legalised the desecration of the Christian Sabbath, and
its
legitimate result
supremacy of
its
intellect,
And what-
we may
ever
ral results
refer
cannot be overlooked
them
Magistrate, and
we
and
We
are bound to
we impute
of an infidel philosophy.
for
to
We
principles
popular reformation
mary
much
We
throw
to
spirit
remem-
sol-
it,
we
have nothing
government
to say.
may
and though,
be salutary, the
40
This
majesty of law.
is
the
first
For
in this country*
" inter
if,
arma,
left at
lative
rity,
the-
it
to
to
councils of war.
How
far
responsibility,
insubordination
From
decide.
to the
soon ensued,
that
of personal
impossible
is
to
same end,
example,
power and
it
to settle the
commanding
The
men were
crisis.
where demanded.
insufficient, to
The
religion."
and vulgar
infidelity
Our
were
cities
full
At
became
of
it,
growth of popular
and
its
halls
were crowded
preachers,
its
It
came
it
variety of
would reduce
penalties,
name
in the
gion, of humanity.
ety
assumed every
shape.
41
criminal
its
demanding the
law, by banishing
its
life
excepted.
.As the natural result of
own way.
their
The
the administration
all
forms
of justice in
duellist,
less
fearful
To this
avowing
in
own
Violent and
oath.
The
Mr.
striking
these
parallel of
times
with those of
write
and
sponsibility involved.
In
this
to
respect,
to individuals,
No
injustice
and severe
single
man
been
inflicted
upon
us.
The
us,
42
zens,
we must
share in
all
citi-
station.
We
always love
highly prize
to
and
we
more pains
regret
the
that
go into the
to
And we
We
institutions
its
its
surface.
still
regret
The
come upon
us,
and
it
cannot be endured.
By
all
has impaired
itself
its
become disrobed of
its
the Senate
dig-
nity.
We
and
that
not so
even now,
much from
it
the
dency.
The
energy of Christianity
its
ascen-
and
God, hearing the cry of his own people, restrains the
violence of men.
elastic
a better day.
still lives,
The more
an abatement of
lic
grievances
its
own
spirit.
The
wear
respecta better
press demands
THE CHRISTIAN
scription.
Christian
and religious of
And
to rely
43
CITIZEN.
all
in seeking the
remedy of public
we
evils,
are not
nor on
any rapid succession of changes of men in office and geThese principles are too
neral principles of government.
firmly fixed, or should be so, to admit of sudden change.
The
restless
and radical
every action of
life,
spirit that
and multiply
is
as hopeless
come upon us
be removed in a moment.
would
legislate all
as
it
is
imperious.
Evils that
may now
exist,
It is
only by sub-
a rigid morality and a spiritual religion, that the manliness, order, stability and happiness of the
ple can be restored and confirmed.
is
not the
work
of a day
nor
is
And
American peothis,
we
repeat,
religious principles,
which
Men, even
to
much accustomed
which they suffer. The embarrassments of the commubecome so identified, and habits of political immoral-
nity
ity,
government, and that too with the consent and from the
44
we must
This
look.
what we
is
all
The
system,
grounds, as
a-
To
become
ted to
Promotions
records.
grounds of party
to
and removals, on
the
who
office
affinities,
Thomas
Jefferson, with
have had
to
for
first
installment.
this
It
its
saw
the necessity
was demanded, he
at his
administration
With
whom
its
he capable
easily
may
is
he
this
constitution
The
he honest
is
But how
new
qualifica-
letter
addressed
to
who succeeded
That advice
pay no respect to party relations, but to select the
best and ablest men, irrespective of such affinities. This,
no doubt, was the deliberate judgment of this man of
him,
is
was,
to
all.
his
while seated
at
so to administer
sibilities
the
it,
when
the burden of
its
vast
respon-
waves of
party violence,
governmemt now, on
denned
clearly
principles
It is
est.
cir-
11
to raise
We
proper functions.
its
aspirants,
administer that
in
then obstruct
political
To
45
way
we
ciples,
There
admired.
The
ven
mariner
;
with
no
is
may
purposes
prin-
is
own
fair
way
rapidly on his
is
taken
but there
is
can he do
Amid
Though an
he
is
integrity do
It
may
it
is
profane.
pure as an angel's,
it
'*
Though
deter-
the administration be
shall be overthrown,"
unimpaired:
strife is
is
46
mind
the public
new
popular
affinities agitate
fear.
The
The government of
is
seen.
lence.
much
The
forgotten.
falls to
tary lesson,
and
we
fear,
were too
is
It
was
a salu>
bowed
in recogniiion of
government defined.
is
No man
shall
be
removed or
But the
pri-
bent there installed, are not always one and the same.
And
in
Men
may
purposes,
state
own
principles, to
porate into
all
It is for
which
it
was founded.
That
in the
al!
pervading demonstration of
its
truth of a final
distribu-
power
its
excellence.
false
religion,"
fatal
hold-
delity
no religion
47
it
fi-
/"
form of ecclesiastical
There
ligion ?
tianity
an
which
this
is
But
polity.
common
incoporated into
its
Divine Redeemer,
first
acknowledged and
common
elements of
recognition
This
enough.
of
an
re-
a common Chris-
accredited Gospel of a
knowing no
is this
religion
law, and in a
Providence
overruling
We
The
Author.
its
is
not
must cling
to
From
spirit
we
from their
fathers, fresh
We venerate
There was
and
first
a sublimibut
it
was
that adorned
this will
ments of his
hence
it
came
away.
And
suffer-
the
like a divine
encouragement
It
to
was
may
rulers
48
due reward."
its
We
aim.
to protect industry,
Mr.
to enter-
It
"
munity.
to do," says
and secure
Amid
all
vancement of society
is
speak, of course, of
of
its
"
its
A popular government,
powerful institution
appeared
as
it
character.
its
good or
example,
Its
its
human happiness
which most
is
it
is
is
whether
most im-
among those
things
in
one morality
opponents,
tone,
most
has sometimes
to
cording to
power
inspires."
more powerful,
it
for politics,
false
maxim
that
men may
say and do
that,
rality,
'
was
If a
reproached
It
which declares
man speaks
is
life.
timent which
in relation to public
and
ready excuse
political matters
and
is this
;
cher-
as a political man.'
when
will
ill
In
my
spoke of
my
adversary merely
day
opinion, the
is
coming
49
commandment, whether
life."
"
The
feelings,"
be inspired
to
be disciplined
Such sentiments
and sustained by
to
circumstances."
all
the
spirit,
Christian citizen
when pervading
;
the
state
true
private
life,
retire
and
Before these,
offices of
scepticism refined,
lose
penalties.
I.
From
and
the
The
the value or
demand
And
" Ours
few could
a government of
we been
at all appreciate
and Christian
is
so confident have
to
senti-
50
tion
Still
let
THE PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION BE CARRIED OUT."
These great men knew the value of constitutional law.
They knew more the necessity of moral and religious
principle for its support and administration
And no
;
of
evil.
Experience
wise.
in
is
still.
ers
its
As
chains.
far as
human
ulti-
foresight
laws
jects of
of
protection would
it,
The
rity.
solemn asseveration
all
tain
its
its
restrictions, limits
claims or spurn
and checks
to
to
its
subleast
mainautho-
delegated
may
be
vir-
The
it,
It
it
is
annihilate
it.
has
far
titudes every
its
righteous claims.
Long
aside,
Law
51
its
majesty and
Even
greatly impaired.
most sacred
have been
treaties
common and
of both
dicial tribunal
The
set aside.
violated, at the
expense
assuming the responsibility of law and justice have warred upon personal security and
And
form
demanded.
is
must
the
life.
be carried
capitol,
The
vered.
out"
'*
its
till,
to
their
which he
dial
and
lives,
and proffering
to rulers
efficient cooperation,
may
rightfully expect
preceding,
is
and
to the
mises.
The
denial of justice to
God towards
life,
till
mains.
The
influence of
commanding example,
it is
impossible
THE CHRISTIAN
52
CITIZEN.
may every
What do we now
disastrously.
efforts to
and corporate
obli-
and shaking
all
It
may
truly be
The
working
more
its
private
at liberty to
which otherwise
The
doctrine of repudiation in
we must
all
its
forms, as Chris-
We
would unite the pulpit and the press, the judge and the jury, and every
where speak in terms of the most decided condemnation.
tian citizens,
oppose.
membered,
that
he
no where
Let
it
else,
be re-
if
promises be unimpaired.
who
restricted operations of
life.
An
unfore-
53
Christian
human
than
stronger
is
Compromise,
law.
impairs not
it
at all his
obligation to
meet every
it.
may
Christian citizen
ability to
cy perhaps, but
after
every debt
feel
moment any
by those communities, which as
all
independent sovereignties
exist, not
How
Who
are the
They, who
morrow.
But the
live
its
debts
state lives,
to-
sume
creditor.
We
upon
this ha-
zardous experiment.
sacred regard
to
is
no more
to lose their
compacts.
The
are implicated.
first
may
Still
and success of
more
civil
here
all
54
rises at your
As
we
own
which
fountain at
door
in
sovereignties, repudiate
appear
ago, proudly
our
debts
to the
the
millions drink.
How
A few
shall
years
and
citizens
now
Upon
to
pay
if
demands
our
own
on the principles of
what have we
principles,
made on us
are
name
in the
international
Europe, recog-
law,
own
blood
The
to say,
of nations, and
wade
the
justice of our
call in question.
it
we must
we
cannot.
Do
it
lia-
bility.
bankruptcy
may
evade
whom we
are indebted,
may
justly seize
on our estate
goods
and chattels of the insolvent debtor and equalize his
distrain the
We
integrity of
men
and
we do
tries the
moral
How
far the
THE CHRISTIAN
commercial
may have
life
dition of society is
55
CITIZEN.
an important inquiry
is
There
here demanded.
when no
We
causes intervene.
And
would not
that
it
providential
reject the
system of
who have sought most extensively its advanhave shared most largely in pecuniary embarrass-
those
tages,
ments.
limited
resources,
with moderate
and
that relied at
first
on
persevered modestly,
profits, are
now
men
the
their
own
satisfied
of responsibility
It is
ence
tration
seem
to
How
far
engaged
such
in
"
well-regula-
allow to be a blessing.
all
character
this
tion
is
found dispensing
its
them.
moral obliga-
ought ordinarily
ment.
ful
influ-
to
men
And whether
men
to
dependence upon
social, business
community,
we
are
56
tutions
insti-
to
cha-
offers,
which
and
The
bows
to
of the
own immediate
contracts
be as strong, but
it
is
create.
The
obligation
may
it,
if
obviously on
all
is
not charg-
credit
cannot be questioned,
that
the
whole system of
demand
Repeatedly has the business and commercial community been severely tried within this brief
of the country.
who have been most deeply engaged in this syswho have sought and enjoyed its facilities, are among the severest sufferers, both in a pecuniary
and moral point of view. And we have often thought, that
if Solomon, who wrote with inspired wisdom for a people
those
and
to
them
said,
it
He
that is
and he
that
THE CHRISTIAN
hateth suretiship
striketh
sure
is
A man
void of understanding
his friend
And
57
CITIZEN.
presence of
in the
Be
not thou
Solomon,
wrote,
why
what would
and
say
if
had he
cautions
his
And
We
have been
if
Roman
Paul, the
Owe no man
writing
and reveal in decided terms the perils of suretiIt has been well
1
enemy
enemy
of the creditor,"
is
heavy enough
unfortunate
the
relieve
to
from severe
monied corporations
capitalists,
nor are
we
afford
events have
shown
no increased security
own
from their
On
the contrary,
the peculiar
monied corporations
their relation to the
the
are
that from
personal responsibilities.
to the conclusion,
to
security
we
are driven
character of
they require,
is
and
often less
moral obligation
felt towards them, than towards an ordinary private creditor, and as none of that interest is
which
and none of
that gratitude
58
all
Whatever maturity of
this subject,
to
drawn, such
is
we may have
reflection
for
them,
at the
subject at
all
though
it is
we
reit
revert to this
widow and
phan, wasted
little
by the
brought
or-
able of
We
political
economy,
men, who
in
the senate, at
We
the
all
to
bestow
commercial
hustings,
and amid
its
on the ex-
at the land-auction,
in
1836,
'
What has
the credit
The answer
universal distrust,
places of
trust,
re-
every 100
every 100.
sell,
become bankrupts
in
England, 35 out of
in
England, they
The
III.
lers of
We
duty of selecting
unimpeached moral
men
59
as Magistrates
and Ru-
integrity.
by
and endangers the safety of legislation and the due administration of law.
The government
of this country is
but
what they
thing
it
will
more
is
is
by opposing
and
its
ordinarily
shall be.
it
to
adminis-
its
is
its
Chafed
ascendency.
temptations strong
overawe by proscription.
this to doubt its
to corrupt
We
by patronage, or
dangerous ten-
dency.
Under
own avowed
brance of their
private
life.
the bribes
lose the
which
is virtual
remem-
office are
men
it is
tri-
felony at law.
when
them-
till
then,
may we hope to
While men
see
are
THE CHRISTIAN
60
CITIZEN.
administration, or to government at
we
all,
we
remedy
is to
And
of the people.
and
it
all
the friends
sentiment
may
vital
now be,
party, to soothe
its
to
The
question.
ascendency of
To
it
be-
and
ele-
effect this,
citizen, to select
of unimpeached
rulers
moral integrity.
It is
retire
required to engage in
civil life,
more vigorous
men
efforts
guard
to
which already so
may
to
trust, as
our law-
We
empowered
up good men
certainly
to
all
in authority
make and
that
God would
administer laws.
to select
and vote
It
for
then
such
we can
men only,
we can
such
for
and moral
integrity,
as,
61
whom
diction.
"
The
Webster, "
is
can be called
to
perform; a
is
innocently
man
trifle
man and
every measure he
the interests of
we
If
where candidates
conduct
to-
man
As
dence.
of
for office
Christians,
and
action,
low
to correct principles,
support no
we
who
as
not adopt
it?
What
terests to
men who
do
a patriot and
its
precious in-
who can
give no
refer-
Nor
be professed
But,
we do
at liberty to select
who have
for
we
men
are not
to places of
We
al-
reject-
we have no
office, shall
trust,
will
by
we demand
munion
commits
it
to
who can be
betray them
will
Let
to
confi-
is
ence
We
patriots.
it
Can
unworthy our
so
equally
is
we impose upon
them.
62
we
are prepared to be
We
made
dictation,
power of the moral and Christian community to check at once this giant eviL Not by the
organization of new parties not by the officious obtrubut as Christian men of all
sion of religion in any form
It is
in the
parties, to decide
shall our
at
tute of intellectual
to
men
desti-
sufficient to
we commit
to
them.
It
may
is
now a
crisis
and some
same Christian and moral obligations will not be governed by our example.
There will always be a crisis
pleaded, and important principles said to be involved.
But no
crisis is so great,
that crisis
and those
sidering.
The
principles,
crisis
has arrived
and gen-
or abandoned
community.
The
great question
be settled, whether
Though
Christians,
we
do not cease
to
be citizens
we
in
one
63
And
is
civil rights,
and meeting
in this
It is
and
citizens,
at the
government, which, in
we have
citizens,
and
It is in this
integrity.
to
designed.
It is this
way,
was
it
originally
we may keep
too, that
out the
may
social system.
We
men
of
parties
all
and
power of the moral and reliof the community to redeem them trium-
we
believe that
gious portions
many
in
cases
it
ciples to
it is
may be
power
controlling,
and happily
in the selection of
men
for
to sacrifice or
but
the
is in
phantly.
and
it
compromit
their
Not only
so,
The man
and the
away
do
Chris-
it.
that
we
can
64
which the
Already
fatal
state
political parties
state, in
bind them
respective
their
to
pledges,
which
robbery
to fulfil.
it
by redeemed
interests
In the face of
Christians,
and
we
that, in
all this,
we
commonwealth
We
religion.
we
their details
demand
are
are to ren-
God
divine Christianity.*
The
whose name
is
enough
to
commend
men, well
be done,
from
if
and
if
pious
total destruction
by mingling with them the conservative influ* * " Let the pious then
combine
their influence,
stations,
men
It is
not
meant
Few
influence, will
be to unite
all
other
for public
that a sectarian
things, in
The
certain
to acquire a poli-
denominations against
65
II.
CHARACTER OF
While
CIVIL INSTITUTIONS.
ing
its
ecclesiastical organizations
towards imparting
vitality to
character of
the
its spirit,
and shap-
religion does
much
contributing to
its
its
features, as well as
original
structure.
arm of Pagan and Mahomedan despotism the almost equal tyranny of Spain and the Italian
states.
It is from this same reciprocal action of state
polity and religion, that we meet every where, with the
darkness and cruelty of the Romish communion, the
Hence
the iron
them." *
good men, men of wisdom and integrity, who would honestly aim at
the good of the commonwealth." * * "In a government such as
ours, good men must come forward and claim and exercise their
There are already ominous
rights, or the consequences will be fatal.
appearances in our political horizon.
never apprehended.
try.
is
may
mar
ward
ofT those
and
liberty.
is
no need
for
good man."
6*
66
Helvetic faith
the
Britain with
kingdom of Great
monarchy, clinging
own
to its
its
its
nominal
its
population
gospel.
are
its
original
pendency in
its
various
reserving to
forms,
itself its
Divine Master.*
Every
it
tutions,
and
its
little
influence
obviously
is
may
be its
outward frame-
work
its
its
upon our
civil polity
free insti-
becomes a
From
we hope
these considerations
we
shall
speak
freely,
and
ent existing
among
us,
to
If
we
is often
and support.
gleaming from the lift-
still
more
clearly to
be met in the Gospel, indications of truths and commanding principles, which go far to settle the nature of that
*
It
has been said, that Mr. Jefferson was indebted for some of the
American Indepen-
is
And with
we
67
this conviction,
of ecclesiastical polity,
scriptural views.
It
was
to the civil
in
and
view of these
more
all
acknowledge
and in
all its
is
And what
conflicts
the heart of
New
England,
ments of
its
the cradle of
its
its
infancy
claims."
its
religion is this
ecclesiastical polity
its
which
and
religion
And with
the law."
battles,
The
What
are
its
sentiments
into
and
primitive churches.
And
it
was thence he
we
we
and
shall find a
and
all
rights, in
68
If
state.
we
the
past,
and review
when
al-
same peculiar
was
And we may
germ of political,
now
England,
to the
Monk
to the Puritan of
We
owe
as well as of
We
we must
that
was
it
its
members, that
governed these men, and girded them for such achievements. We have history as the memorial and preserver
ministry, and of equality of rights in
no friend
to the
one and a
now
enjoys.*
bitter
she
its
to the
Puritans
all
the liberty
Here was
They were
cannot be misunderstood.
ciples of
equal rights
political principles of
among mankind, in both civil and ecclesiasAnd the courtiers of kings, and the cour-
tical institutes.
tiers of prelates,
Hume.
of divine right,
69
all
cequis,
against them.*
At
this time
it
And
and orders of church have ever sympathised with governments wholly foreign
war with
to
genius and
its
These, wherever
aims.
its
be
it
declares
men
in the sight of
is it
not so
of
Rome. And
Rome
alone
No
in hand.
The
that
then
it
does so
all
to this hour.
institutions
free
but
let history
in
deepest in blood,
*
Here
of the Prelacy.
hand
;"
Who
The papacy
law
And
of the law.
If
are equal
acknowledge
equal in
are
citizens
all
all
fast friends
the papacy go
decide.
Who
England
To whom
waded
did the
civil liberty,
friends of the
Reformation, and the same has steadily been pursued by the advocates for popular rights every where.
of English
laid,
history,
when
The most
was
enlightened period
fast
of
popular education]
THE CHRISTIAN
70
CITIZEN.
to the
its
immu-
men
And
it is
live,
were
it
not for
The
Rome
cy of
more
Not because these are the only denominawhere these principles have appeared, but because
other parties.
tions
they here
find,
so much
Yet,
let it
it
is principles,
and not
We
are
all
all
the noble
found
who adopted
power
in
71
any church,
and
faith
Men
that favored
who joined
of Puritan
in
principles
free
Others were sheltered from the storm or retired to the protection of " legitimacy" in their native
institutions.
land.*
The ascendency
people
of the
been given
to
little
atten-
of opposing
The
at the
downfall
But times have somewhat changed, and the shaken dyEurope are looking around for the old securi-
nasties of
ties to the
We
we
every where.
efforts
There
cal opinions
and
is
efforts
to sustain, not
And who
may
movements 1
Are they the
Carolton, a Catholic.
men
free institutions
or exclusive religionists.
72
friends of freedom
any where
the
all
movements
arrogant principles.
It is
men
to sustain
And we
every where
who sym-
There
is
sentiments,
these,
to free institutions in
where Christianity
is
This
diffusing
say,
it is
its
working
itself out of
We
sprung.
bosom of
we should
that
its
way back
to its
communion whence
it
scriptural system.
There is also an unmanly, if not an unholy, effort to reflect upon that Bible, which has cheered millions for centuries
with
its
There
all
is
shall be
when
the
the
stallment as a bishop.
commending
to their clergy
mere
articles of dress,
while
with
Just as
if.
all
THE CHRISTIAN
manner
munion
its
73
CITIZEN.
in
elements.
tending to-
is
protest
It is
it.
church
enactments.
we were under
If
tutes of rites
we
hallow the mitre, the vest and the fringes of the priestly
garments
but now,
altar,
we
unsymbolising gospel
:
and above
dencies,
all
would,
if
necessary, con-
nals
we
to
carry
over
to
it
simple,
either
when we remember
the prelacy,
enforced by
what wars they have occasioned, and what
reject
the
whole.
for con-
we
are
its
and but
importance.
Its
past history
mend
it
to
To
Roman
toga
became
the
74
TrfE
CHRISTIAN CITIZEN,
faint
resemblance
(a thought of
Hence sprung
robe of Aaron.
the
costly garments
costly
of
still
no
who
carrying his
credentials
and human,
visible
is
on
the
Church of
We
is holiest
of
stair-case
veritable
of
all
Pontius
when kneeling
Pilate
the
in
Peter.*
St.
municate
all
form, and reject our long venerated Bible for the translation of a
word
apostolical succession, or
not a
is
from
moment
shadow of foundation,
either in Scripture or in
We
confess that
we have
and
*
that necessity
The more
human
feel for
nature,
some kind
commonly worn by
Christians."
the
King on
the
Heathen Origin of
andTertullian "
De
Pallio."
THE CHRISTIAN
75
CITIZEN.
We
mation.
hoped
affinities
we had sometimes
Romish Church
would,
modified
spiritual
Episcopacy, and
Christianity,
would
with the
Catholic
and
spirit
by
elastic
energies
of
an
approaching millennium.
And
if
the public
advancement,
may
it
yet be
we might
ment
for
civil
common
govern-
argument and
in
When we
intelligent
look
at
to the
ming
this return to
and with
this
and the courting of the papacy, and the recommending of garments to the clergy of
air of prelatical authority
to the
women and
of
in the
"habits"
of
76
We
popery.
are
friars,
coming
forth as the
many
to
Ximenes with
and un-
hair-shirt
ance of the
spirit,
of state,
We
we
that under
God,
to
we have
civil interests
The
1.
but
do.
view,
warned of these
to
difficulty
in our
this,
all
assured,
rest
once delivered
tect,
and
itself,
it
Christian citizens,
While we
might, in view of
as
blood of evangelical
Christians.
As
the
in
common
tendencies of
hostile
to
to
to pro-
Christianity.
High Church
the peculiar
principles
institutions
are,
of our
country.*
to a
republican gov-
Arminian
principles,
Vol.
120.
II. p.
article
Being responsible
in
is
ordained
though anonymous
THE CHRISTIAN
77
CITIZEN.
expediency, and
is liable
But when
it.
when abused
be recalled
to
to
best to adopt
is felt
to
we can
evil purposes,
If the
and acknowledged
this
manded under
sure,*
ic is
quences of yielding
to
such a claim.
to
civil
Hence we
and these
their station
character,
will exert
prodigious
influence.
men, from
The
us.
are they
may
principles,
numamong
is
God
himself, the
for
millions
of
der
man"
until
pp.
156159.
for the
78
power
to
Unparalleled
concentration of power!
tory as large as
all
New
presume
life.
to
laid,
must
at
altar of prescription,
to the
What
if
of
resting
made
and their
office
faith could
be
to
Upon
us.
man on
this
continent
Such must
inevitably be the
only authority
known
power
of those
who
hold the
of saying who
shall,
and
who
Gospel of Christ.
And how
power
to the
shall the
worst of purposes
fathers,
ed
to
Judge
abuse of this
But
and seek
reli-
this is declar-
utmost reason
to
;"
to believe otherwise.
at
once, from
nal
to
is
known, covenanted
all
And
life.
we
as
79
title
or hope of eter-
whole community
weak enough
And
if
he attempts
to
do
so,
he must encounter
upon
all
these
who
his smiles.
this country,
and we have
ing, not
at
rest-
like the
command
this
cate with
him
that
God
of
is
provide a
all
himself!
conscience
and honorable
full
taught in the
teacheth in
in
Word communi-
good things."
This
all
this,
to
they may,
dispose, in
The power
mendous.
It
lies
with them
to
whom
of their souls.
is tre-
administer or withhold
to hesitate, for a
to those
SU
may
clergy"
which
we
to
all
power
But what
in the clergy
will
be
Unless
infallibility
on
we know and
man-
freemen.
And who
is
What
principles
created
and
re-
the
sustained
Who
mies of our
own more
glorious revolution
High church-
hand, in
all
men
on
The
of most instructive facts, and warrant the strongest conclusions as to the tendency of high church principles."*
* " High Churohism and Toryism," says Dr. Bethune, " have ever
Horsely says, " Calvin was unin hand in England."
gone hand
adds,
"that he endeavored to
fa-
prelate in
country has
this
81
power,
in his
it
to
may
his
own
for
to
members
to
in
And
commission.
own
of their
how
long the
may
one
To
be perpetuated.
stroy
It is
may
is
how
intolerance
power invested
recall the
consent,
not difficult to
be made, and
and religious
of error
man by popular
is
elect a successor
vestries, are to
influence
see
be
more
in
than to de-
difficult
And we
ask,
has not power and influence, established by the means be" In the time
was
a ihing
paid."
his
gentleman
in
" You
will
The
all
De=
am no
all
upon them.
before the
they always do, and ever will act against government, from that restless
when
spirit,
to abolish
distin-
means could
as-
in
answer to
Show me any
precedent,
ground of
KING."
their doctrines
Indeed,
is
it
cannot be otherwise,
anti-monarchical."
" No
for
the
bishop
No
82
fare us,
Have
our land
oppressed Christian nations, or of the heathen world, lying in wickedness been repeatedly shut out from nearly the
to solicit
efforts,
"
he thinks
it
The
im-
sand hearts are steeled against those men, who are pleading perhaps for those very charities, which originated in
the
zeal
Church.
We
We
latical authority.
We
undertake not
to
call in
But
assumed.
we
religion,
to
place the
and
to
make our
the no-
religious charities,
by
and the
faith of the
ry where.
No
whole community
to
be governed
his dictation ?
circle of private
life,
no department of
They
belong
to
the
and above
all
The
if
such a sys-
in this
country
THE CHRISTIAN
While
therefore
we
83
ClTlZEff.
who acknow-
stitutions in the
we
be-
Church
sen for
the only
life,
known power on
earth of commis-
it
maintained, there
is
is
If this
life.
ally prevail
must yield
be
truth,
among
and
us,
if
we can
to the
We
guide us.
the
We
must look
light
at the natural
sympathies and
warred against
all
at the legitimate
and the
all
We
say then
let
the prelacy
awaken our
it
church
in the state.
and
be careful
to
hand down
and the
spirit
of
its
devotion.
The way
is
vigi-
office
the steps are natural and rapid from the corrupted spirit
its
fiery
84
zeal for
its
symbols,
till
for entire
consume the
new
is
it
that
which
to
man
to
that intellectual
The
man.
shall be,
the
face answereth
thing
and there
Standing where
us never contribute
As
dissenter.
we
is
no
do do.
let
debasement and
still
Let the
sands of papal
Rome
day
in
Francef
the
admonish us of what human nature can be and what human power can perpetrate in the name of religion. We
would be watchful and jealous of the symptoms of ecusurpation and refuse the badges of every
exclusive order, lest we yet be required to give the same
clesiastical
fifty
to a
when
dis-
to have died from persecution, during the reign of the amiable Isabella,
while hundreds of thousands were expelled from her dominions, for the
Roman
More than
France, on
this
religion.
days following,
thousand
thirty
many
of
whom
purpose of destruction.
%
Not
for
The names
The
II.
and William.
85
country or burnt
may be said, the " divine right" must be mainand the " apostolical succession" preserved, whatever may be the bearing of ecclesiastical organizations
But
it
tained,
upon
Although
civil institutions.
assigned
to this
it
tion.
By
here used,
is
For
ecclesiastical forms
as
their peculiar
ministers
con-
This right
and
sion of
sects
same
other churches.
all
may have
and succession, it has not been to the utter excluall other branches of the Christian family.
This
has been reserved for the Romanists and the high church
riiiht
sion of
We hope
to
we have found
finities are now so
but
it
impossible to avoid
af-
them more
it
we
shall be
excused
distinct.
for
86
To
whence
did
Henry
His unfaithfulness
it ?
ful spirit
towards the
to his
Roman
own
monarch of England
him
di-
to interdict all
ecclesiastical
it
was ordained by
Did
this
who have
No
to ad-
received a commission
times
and
that
no
man
Episcopal ordination."
ler."
The
late
Gospel.
Was
this
this
all
87
done by a divine
apostolical succession
right,
Was
and did
by the same
it
it
secure
right,
and
its
present form
servatives
compare
tentions,
it
may
is at
hand.
Romish communion,
the
it
and
ter,
so.
it
down from
Be
high pre-
its
constitute
its
its
Man
of Sin.
exclusive charac-
honors in
Tracing
common
powers
become invested with an
exclusive " divine right," bearing away from that establishment all its boasted prerogatives ? Does the apostolWhere does the Romish
ical succession rest here 1
church find this succession, and the divine right on which
it
repudiates.*
relies
it
We
Amid
it
its
by tracing
it
to
Rome,
and,
;
upon
for the
Roman
See.
It
their
own
principles, leave
it
excommu-
nicated by the Pope, and every clerical and ecclesiastical power was
88
At Rome
test
or at
Avignon
And when
West
was waged, where was the divine right and the suc?
The Romish church, whence the Episcopal
cession
professedly borrows
tion,
where
this
its origin,
Whence
then,
we may
and prided succession ? From Rome, they ever reAs soon would we search for the pure springs of
We
^'Mother of Harlots."
Some
On
possibility of tracing an
says,
"
Who
unbroken succession.
no such
violence
broken
men
We
officiating
been
read of bishops
who
barely
knew
Am.
taint (a
no
their letters
to be
Archbishop Whately
Ed., Vol.
III. p.
of the middle ages, and the facts which are discernible through that
was exceedingly
ill-regulated.
We
read that sees of the highest dignity were openly sold, transferred
We
consummate
am
89
clergy, as the
much
to
destroy
all
nothing
is
due respect
to
to the
them
But
may be
it
through which
said, the
comes down,
it
succession
may
proof that
it
committed
to
possibility of
old
still
of
of
But where
Christ, or
Ireland was
is
the
by him ever
boys."
The
state oi
"It
is
probable," he adds,
even so
far
There
remains fifteen or sixteen hundred years, during which the transmission of his orders
is
all
Baronius, the
this,
and yet
(Episcopal) Record informs us, that it is well known that the baptism
by Episcopal hands of Archbishop Seeker, Bishop Butler and Arch-
cession
in
clearly
proved.
1
8*
90
And we would
what consistency
at
Scotland re-
is
faith,
becomes the
crown, with no validity
if
Here are
while
the prelate
to his
own
ministrations though
Why
it
is
own
subjects
dream of such
But
living
for
trifling
left to
simple in
We
its
forms
who would
examples,
doctrines and s
Rome and
Canterbury, and
On
this
hopes
foundation
and
all
we
of every
Holy
name who
rest here
no
we
receive
It is a
of this
we
own
virtue
are so tenacious
papacy, the
prelacy
as in
Canada, where th
are admitted
to
to
Eng-
and
91
as the pledges
spiritual.
The church
was Aaron,
God
the grace of
She expects
Leo X.
in their ministrations
of truth
not
chase.
We
attest-
more of
its
liturgy
and shadow-
God
in regeneration
ministrations
that
sciousness of
its
God
shall exalt
own
we
abase
guilt
We
life.
require
With such
reunion to himself.
a succession
and holiness of
shall
are satisfied.
qualifications
We
that
renewal and
its
and such
have here a
living,
And
yet
lightly of the
We
succession.
believe
there
is
Church of
may
its
divine
to that
right
ordinances,
to
and
Christ,
ledged as his,
The
inquiry
say
to
the
that there
The
apostles,
yet
first
we wish
were no successors
apostles
constitutes a le-
apostles of Christ
to
had no successors.
to
be
We
understood^
From
its
very nature
92
They were
ap-
new
religion.
succession,
authorized,
sy.
We
spiritual qualifications,
accepted ministry.
mere consent,
men
to
more
enough
It is
or transmission
of
set of
unite
them
ministry of the
tle
With
we
them,
their
and accepted
human
ministrations to
of the
officiating
The
elements essential
are
to
these,
succession.
The
thing
is
utterly impossible.
true church
If the charter
and
true
Neither
succession
to
on which every
spiritual succession
empty name.
THE CHRISTIAN
The
93
CITIZEN.
may
Spirit,
The
if not,
and
ecclesiastical rights,
These
So
istry.
far
towards the ministry, on personal or individual responsithey repel the claims of every one
bility,
to
confidence,
is
we
office of the
min-
church
in the
to confer
it
but
It
is
one of
and
for this
Christians, call-
and apostolical
Church of
and whoever
is
administration of the ordinances, comes into the possession of a divine right, and with proper spiritual qualifications,
has
all
Christ.
The
the
it
such a communion.
We affirm
that
of
men become
associ-
ated upon the principles of the gospel, and for the pur-
THE CHRISTIAN
94
poses
which
for
cultivating
it
was
spirit,
its
CITIZEN.
right, the
Where two
my name,
am
I in
Christian
powers
God/' and
in his
name may
which the
Scriptures authorize, and the good of the body politic
demands. In no other sense, and in no other way, are
there any divine rights of kirgs, and kingdoms, or any
offices of trust.
And no one will deny that " the powassume
and exercise
* Ireneus
quae est
speaks
in
of
church.
is
in
any place.
"when
Lybia, there
in
Tertullian
Ubi
tres
thinks that
Ecclesia
three
were
so
many
Euseb.
lib. 7,
came
sufficient
Exhort, ad Cassitat.
est.
Ea
Diony-
Christians
259.
which
church,
that
p.
the prerogatives
all
make
to
457.
p.
See
" the
usual
and
common
is
a society of
discipline.
ckXcktoI, the
lib.
God
company
p. 39,
"are those
elect,"
''
Epist. Fccles.
With
this
ers" of
to the
minister
modes
structure and
when
95
was founded,
the
And government
of administration.
the
rejecting
corrupt,
changing in their
upon which
principles
inalienable lights
it
may be
of men,
on
its
ruins,
that is ordained
And
surely
be called,
to-
of God,"
ordained
and
assume
to
the
over
authority
rejection
try
from the
of state
of
list
Can she
and
folly
Eng-
Shall
reject
our ministers
rights,
let
continent
to the
at
is,
others,
all
citizen king
Is there 'no
nations
of
others.
all
"pow-
the
With
all
No more
can any
and say
to all others,
rights,
This
demand
is
no
valid,
you are no
for universal
As we
life,
free to
see what
it
is
all,
and making
all
what
it
is,
men
free.
it is
equally
96
and
right
its
It is
word of God,
the
the organi-
that
makes
and enforced in
a government
it
and
it is
power of
its
The
is
that
spirit,
The
Church of God."
Bible,
the religion
charter on
which the church is founded. These oracles of God become our confession of faith and our common law. The
of Protestants."
Bible
embrace
its truth,
its
if
the
divine
but
its
who
its spiri-
red
submit to
would ask
is
is
true, Apostolical
to
the
We.
church.
Here
is
a spiritual Christianity,
all
and
of
God
the succession of
into
symbols, keys,
spiritual
deny
it
to
Bax-
Christ
We
mercing the
fallen
im-
We
are
happy
to
97
And no
Fenelon
in
we
do
less
rejoice to
commune with
the
and their
spirit
God.
which are
their
away.
And though
the
'
The
dome and
parted.
may
shrine
we
qualifications depart,
all
is
The church
here.
We
trust that
from
this
of an important argument,
being indifferent
than in the
to
state.
We
resist
shall not be
in the
charged with
an unauthorized ministry,
would
we
government
we
the other.
We
98
which
is
We
before us.
her
officials of
however, affords
this,
This
to learn.
for a priest to
sacrifice
hands
the
do
Where
What
which he
the altar at
is
we have
yet
it,
shall
Claiming
High
altar
another dispensation
is
Priest with
peculiar and
duties
to
minister at the
And
we
claiming
where are
found the attending credentials of the apostolical comapostolical succession as to office,
mission
Where
ask,
and who
in
any of
its
forms and
troduced by
its
divine Author,
it
rose wi'h
spirituality, in the
its
unassuming
wherever
fail to
might
it,
to
Hence
that
we have
so
little
had
The
church, and
little
as to externals.
These
officers of
its
said about
the
in-
Apos-
officers of
the
THE CHRISTIAN
see
how
99
CITIZEN.
were the
is
office,
no gorgeous vest-
tion in the
their
immediate
They
es-
Each
church had
its
ever found
but there
is
it
is
parish.^
We
read
parish of Carthage.J
So that a
Lord King, " is the same as
These
congregation.
to a
bishop."
* " Whatever a bishop did, the same did a presbyter." " Bishops
" They had one and the
Cap. 14.
t Ireneus to
parishes.
Twv
Euseb.
p.
irapo\Ku?v.
Euseb.
lib. 5,
bishoprics of Asia, as
Cap. 14,
p. 193.
See Euseb.
lib. 2,
3 and
4.
100
1.
met
one
communion
altar or
2.
The
3.
"
The
table in his
whole diocese,
at
"The
4.
is
but
that re-
all
charities
Martyr says
seer of
all
" he
was
the orphans,
were present
6. "
The
all
that
as
at
was
offender
the
whole
"
When
in
the bishop
one place
all
to
was dead,
choose a
know-
They were
"
met together
church."
ple."!
in-
5.
offender,
common
the
all
all
new
to
the peo-
the people
bishop
;"
all
the brethren
8.
people
church
"
10
to
The whole
all to-
* Epist. ad Philad.
i
strictly
p.
41.
4,
p..
30>
101
a modern diocesan
we have any
Polycarp"
may
ceses of Antioch,
The
dio-
after
Christ,
The whole
for
remained each as a
region around
Rome,
whose
its
distinct
bishop,
now.
throughout
cias, et
own
In
was chosen by
his
people.f
all this
to rule
we
find
immediate followers
in
the
ministry of
mercy
to lost
mankind.
Having shown
that there is
no proof
102
sion "
during the
first
the
for
we
is
feel au-
were imposed upon the people and no such peculiar effito ordinances and ceremonies as subse-
cacy attached
quently appeared
God and
and being
moment
which labyrinth of
we
feel
it
Word
to the multitude of
that
night, of ignorance
of
wholly unnemystic
;
from
Nothing
is
where " we
find
council
;
We
in
opposition to
au-
no
rowed from
to leave its
that source.
earlier times,
ushers the
We
till
dawn
that
morning
hour increases,
is
till
star of the
Reformation
light of truth
and
life
From
every
is fully
ushered
in.
103
To
the enquiry of
We
fore Luther
and the
came
spirit of
God
reply,
it
forth at last
of wonders and
toils.
These were
and triumph of a
church, and
not to
it
Rome,
life
spiritual Christianity.
Here was
We
the
look
our
rest.
ven
like
tomless
Babel of
old,
has
its
pit.
"The
preaching the word, praying with his people, administering the true sacraments
i.
e.
preaching, worship
104
In an extended congregation
for the minister
church
become
to
necessary
to
branch
new and
off into
third century,
during the
occurred.
nor for
a
it
separate congre-
seems actually
this
In the extreme
suburbs
congregations
Eusebius, distinct
the
of
to
have
city,
says
(tfwwywyul) began
to
gations.
arise,
arduous duties
and
and innocent
under
the
direction
of the
mother
we can
Here, as
church.
at
far as
man
commanding
influence over
many
minds.
The
some popular
or
105
whose an-
uncommon powers
stand-
and
piety,
he
is
In this
in the
way
the dis-
ministry no
results,
cate
The gorgeous
and oppression.
pride
pontifi-
scarlet,
on the seven
hills,
the
not
left
Constantinople,
unsus-
which pride, learning, commerce and wealth had given ascendant powers. Their
primitive ministry was no more, and their original Christian simplicity had passed away
the corruptions of the
church and of the age had favored the extension and
abuse of that power with which they were clothed. The
their respective borders, to
rivalship
existing
between these
cities,
especially the
most distinguished, became transferred to their respective churches, whose spiritual heads were not insensible
honors of an overshadowing influence.
Whatever may have been the result of the enlarged
powers of the venerable minister of Alexandria in the
to the
third century,
it
was
pre-*
106
Rome,
From
among
first
place
imperial aspirings of
of
head
city,"
the as-
to
''
the feebler
"
It
was Lucifer
it
no bishop on earth."
the imperial city
currences of his
own
it,
that
and
to
pacify
his brother of
nificent title
modest, or too
far
all
synonym
church, as
Rome
God
of papal power.
this
humility declares
:"
in mitred
Gregory was
imperial
in
the
to the world.*
p.
27L
II.
pp. 9-11
107
the
rise
of unassuming,
patriarchal
from
its civil
at
length
and papal
tifical
till
tion
We
know
of nothing
rivalship,
but that
greatest
and
all
and
prelatical,
than
this.
It
is
foregoing
the
are
no
apostolical
we oppose
that
light.
apostolical like
men
but from
This
is
memorials in
all
This influence
Rome, and
pate
but
at
it is
It
has
its
clamorous demands once made in England by the Presbyterians, for the sword, been heard,
remembrance of
London than
;"
is
high Presbytery in
domination
tions of
its
The
moment
energy when
at this
in Scotland, are
unrestrained.
its
some
And
as
proud
indica-
human
1^8
Cromwell been
age, had
as
vain
of his theology,
as
Henry VIII.
and the Independents long enough in
power to learn all its blessings, notwithstanding the na;
faith,"
We
all
servility
and simple
tural faith
on the arm
men
were
of scrip-
We
would not
where.
trust
And
ganization.
it is
now more
in
civil relations,
defence of ourselves,
life,
pose them.
And
let
it
be remembered that
we
Those
of their disasterous results on the moral and religious interests of the church, shall give their testimony to the
allude
to
the worthy
men
We
shall but
who
lishment,
rians.
now
We
We
repeat
it,
we
109
by those who better know the principles before us, than we do, and who have felt more of
their influence than we hope ever to experience.
We
racter unsustained
men we
led to
shall
adduce
our
for
and
to do,
2.
In
parture from
the
is
a de-
of the Episcopal
original principles
reformed church-
As
a single instance,
we may mention
which strenuously assert the identity of bishops and presbyters, and their
equality by divine right, in the power of ordination.
These articles were signed by nearly eight thousand
ministers, among whom were Luther, Melancthon, BuTo a similar effect was the declaration of the
cer, &c.
Function of the English church, about the same period,
which states as follows " In the New Testament there
is no mention of any degree or distinction of orders, but
only of deacons or ministers, and of priests or bishops."*
This declaration was signed by thirty-seven distinguished
civilians
Hist, of Ref.
10
I.
321
fol.
Nor was
110
this subject, as
by
the
some have
On
English reformers.
the contrary,
it
was
re-
tion,
liberation.
ed
It
to a large
of queries propound-
As
specimen of the
fol-
lowing.
of Canterbury, says "
Cranmer, Archbishop
shops and priests were
at
The m>
it is
one and the same, and that the powers of ordination and ex-
to loth."
These were the
Church during the whole reign
Foreign churches were recognized by
of
Edward VI.
* Burnet
I.
223.
THE CHRISTIAN
Ill
CITIZEN.
large number of foreign divines were invited by Cranmer from abroad to aid in the Reformation, and were instantly
employed
On
re-ordination.*
one hint of
on
should be held
valid,
of ministry in England."!
first
senti-
"
Stillingfleet, "
hierarchy," says
Bishop
"Whifgift, a sage
The
English
in vindication of the
was archbishop
whom we
cannot
Yet he frequently
or afraid or unwilling to defend it.
against Cartwright asserts " no form of church governis by the Scriptures prescribed to, or commanded the
church of God." And so Dr. Cosins his chancellor, " it can-
ment
government,
*
Among
is
commanded
was sent
At
II.
207.
first
in
with
much
its
present
and dwells
tain happiness to
29.
chaplain
who was
Dr.
all this
Strype's
life
of Parker,
who
lf
336.
lifc
Loe,
"no
word."
"
They who
are pleased
may
The
Stillingfleet,
Part
II. c. viii. 3.
Cam-
who was
employed
chiefly
in the controversy with the papists, declares as the doctrine of the reformed, (in his controversy with
Bellarmin
the
churches."
was on
It
ground, that
Bucer,
etc.
that Protestants
Little did
Zwin-
at
it
excited so
*The
testimonies,
is
have referred
by saying
we have
tha.t
much
may
But
These declarations
too,
not
mere-
with the
Stillingfleet,
who
surprise
them
to estab-
in the clergy.
if
in debate,
113
man
Reynolds replied
this subject.
that
all
pastors,
word of God
like
power and
authority."
He
ment,
to the
Musculus
to
many English
and others
and
to Bradford,
was
the
common
He
adds,
after, in
It
acknowledged by the
stoutest
" It
is
champions of episcopacy,
is
valid
which
divine right.'
''*
unbroken succession
taining the
same
to the
liberal principles
Part
II.
Chap. VIII.
10*
$ 7.
114
unministerial,
invalid,
acts
their
and
their
countless
Where
the
gospel of God,
gance
We
where in
where, in the
is
Church
in Ireland, in
a catholic
and
spirit,
Episcopal
conceded
all that
find
other Chris-
to settle
branches of one
Jesus Christ
Lord, one
is
the
apostles founded
spiritual brotherhood, of
faith,
one baptism,
for all of
were
was one
general,
but not
He
if
says,
having
it
seems
to
have been,
at
least
the
seem
to
title
of angel or bishop.
have been
for a considerable
seem
pendent as
far as
it
rest,
by
ties of faith,
speaks of distinct and independent communities, each governed by its own single bishop as our independent churches
now
115
to, that
the
tions of our
seem
is
to
called
me, in
on a rock
which
tles
is
have prepared
us
for
who seek
to
his apos-
take higher
according
to the
'
credulity, to
ground on which
It is
It is
advan-
advancing not in a
a super-
to rest
He
how
party to assume a
title
in
very
says in a note to
common
it is
for
this,
" It
is
any sect or
demnatory of the very errors with which they are especially chargeable.
The
i.
e.
116
who
commonly
in the
mouths of those
to
number of Christian
Speaking of
to
the divine
right of succession,
to
and actually
who
may
are not
yet be perfectly
competent
nish.
this
procedure
the
to drive
is
infidelity,
and
We
fully
fatal
to
still.
fill
by
And even
is
the
A volume
fanaticism,
till
to
the
name
of
popish pretensions
of intelligence
to this
power.*
is,
is
J.
H.
Newman, Fellow
a labored "
The
rejected
cannot be certain
of Oriel College.
xiii) that,
apostolical age.
;"
and "that we
and " the state of the argument " respecting them, the writer goes on
and "sets down the evidence for and against certain miracles as we
117
we have, in some
power of God with us, and the
episcopal and priestly succession have in them something divine, as channels, which convey, as it were, his
They
"In
affirm, that,
the sacraments
presence
us
to
Balaam, what
and
;"
"
that,
if
is
They
power
say, this
But
is
makes the
in
will be
it
part of the miracles of Revelation are as little evidence for revelation at this day, as the miracles of the church are evidence for the
church."
ing
1.
by Narcissus of Jerusalem.
3.
The change
minous Cross.
6.
The death
rebuild, the
5.
The
of Arius.
9.
lated by Heneric.
the
oil
4. Constantine's
Lu-
The
7.
Jewish Temple.
relics at Milan.
of water into
The
8.
fiery
The recovery
of the blind
man by
is
lxxxv. p. 95.
it is
more
sation.
What Mr. Withingham makes of the sacrifice of Christ, and
what advantage that gives us, over the Jew of old, is not known. The
whole discourse is worthy of attention, only as another indication of
be mistaken, and
we
its
conclusions.
Its affinities
some of
cannot
the clergy of
118
of miracles
and
if
to
per,
would appear,
It
that,
we might
and pronounce
ecclesiastical polity,
construct an
divine, or
it
even
tions.
is,
that
Of none can we affirm, this is after the pattern seen in the mount or at Jerusalem.
From what we know of the assumptions and
not unscriptural or forbidden.
it is
we
wisdom
see the
of this
omission.
The Redeemer
at the best,
of
to all
ages and
external
devotion,
it
become
find-
to trust in externals
would transfer
ness, to
its
their
external symbols
would
by a
And
satisfy the
life
that,
spirit of holi-
instead of se-
superstitious adherence to
this is
and
its
religion,
formulas and
all
and services.
rites,
the un-
How
119
and contending
the
in Uteris,
for
mere externals of
We
h&ret in cortice.
Much
little
much
hear
about the
vital
about the
energy of
rites,
H&rct
religion.
God
little
what
ties,
the church
faith,
The ordinances
hope of glory.
the
in the soul,
itself,
with
its
foundations of hope,
an unseen support
to
the
costly and
The
apostle,
it
to leave a Bible.
To
God
men and
ministrations, he
for
difficulties,
thank
me
not to
says,
Christ sent
wisdom of
We
say,
there
in leaving the
and throwing men upon the resources of enlightened reason and intelligent piety.
when we contend
for
And we may
mere
externals,
we have
lost the
120
As we
church
by
Israel, saying,
is
and
battles,
own
hear the Saviour condemn the external and heartless service of the Jews, even to their prayers
and offerings of
professed piety,
ceremonies
and unadorned simplicity of the Son of God, of his disciples and the learned Paul, mighty in truth, majestic in
holiness, and unaided by adventitious adornments
who
that the
jesty of imperial
Romanism and
prelatical
domination,
word of God
gospel
"
The
was a
addressed
itself,
to the
mo-
"
He
was
to
God
for
we may add
there-
unto and offer up prayers unto God, according to the variety of our circumstances
and condition."
"Now
these
of divine
were not
service,
121
made up a
stinted
great
and imposed
choice
"
bishop or minister."
" that the words
same
anthor,
enforced or prescribed, but every one that officiated, delivered himself in such terms as best pleased him, and
and emergencies
primitive churches
had no
forms of prayer."
"
them
in
to
present circumstances
or, if it
is
when
imposed
stinted liturgies, or
There
standing
can find."*
Even
at the
lifted
to
Amen,
so let
it be.
We
its
We
unadorned modesty of
it,
its
Also Cyprian,
De
the
p. 703.
60, $ 4,
p. 167.
1, p.
II.
Chap.
<$>
2, p. 163.
Epist.
we
II.
it
11
In the
is
fifth
122
and
efficient.
The honors
civil
its
enervated.
we wholly
decline,
and
hurtful.
God gave us
has
left
institutions
feasts, fasts
pagan
if
not
enforced
tered,
and the Lord's Supper, when rightly adminisand added thereto are confessaving to the soul
eration
Not
less than
has marked the calendar of her seasons, by the coming and going of
festivals and holy-days."
These are acknowledged to be without
Scripture authority, partly of Jewish and partly of pagan origin, and
to the
fifth
and thirteenth
THE CHRISTIAN
with
all
123
CITIZEN.
till
where forced upon us, and " we have yet to learn," says
an American prelate, " where a promise to fallen man is
be found, that
to
that he is a
is
member
of the visible
i.
e.
the Episcopal
we had
result if
appended devices
There
There was
its
have
positive in-
was
specific ordinances.
We
know
these
religion,
we
for this,
made
own methods
of grace
may
and while
clear,
than that
all
forms of
unknown,
for three
hundred years
after Christ.
The
ex-
utter
silence of
all,
when
Christianity
was prowas
124
it seemed exrecommend it to the favor of half-converted pagans by outward pomp and circumstance, it was thought
to be at once safe and seasonable, to increase the number
pedient to
of sacred solemnities,
many
to restore
Jew-
parts of the
The
used
is
unknown.
have survived,
came
that they
to write
their genealogy.
Form
ded,
till
It is
probable,
Little
pray
in his family,
and
and scarcely
that
no Christian could
were to be dissolved at
bowing under the bereave-
announcement of
its spiritual
alism
is
now
carried
to
head, before
its
it
could recog-
improvement.
Form-
bosom of
*
eternal tenderness.
Coleman's Antiquities,
p.
443.
We
all
warm,
filial
would no
to define
125
the breathings of
its
love,
and
language of
till
then,
its
wants or
deny the
reality
The necessary
when
ele-
The Jew,
as he lost
we
find
its
its
Israel in Babylon,
and the
Roman
soldier the
It beits spi-
and his
Scrip-
and thought more of his high priest and his sacrithan of God and his Messiah. He suddenly became
tures,
fice,
The whole
settled.
1.
"Nothing
is
more
may be
easily
Owen, "than
that
2.
"No
account
Lord's prayer.
coming
originating,
that period.
tion
Cyprian.
11*
126
Abram, and an heir of God, by the simple badge of an HeHis one rite was as much to him as " authorized
baptism" or " immersion" can be to any one now. At
brew.
length, he is
is
no longer
other men.
all this
prepare him
For careful
promised Messiah
Son
simplicity,
worshipper of
and
He had
of God.
at his
rites
He saw
in
was not
there.
If
rites,
and
its
spiritual
faith in the
of this
them
we
say to see
this,
human hand
that adminis-
127
of the ex-
fatal to the
is
it
And we wonder
of man.
not at
This leads
3.
all,
rejoice that
as Paul early-
that
such perverted
trusting in
us, to
to
con-
how
piety
in other
godliness.
We
have spoken of
of religious opinions,
a class
in
civil
own
revolution,
and religious
basis of
all
liberty.
practical piety.
And
vation of men.
ordinary morality of
of
this,
life,
human government,
For
ety.
is
it
only, as
is
gion are kept alive, that any inferior interests are safe.
Common
tal
and
vital
Here
light
wherewith
be darkness,
how
shall
if
be salted
it
the light
And
is
the
civil
their
religious associations,
only as
men
exceed the
and
limits
that
we
which belong to
they
are
secure,
THE CHRISTIAN
128
And more
than
this,
a christian citizen
merely, but he
earthly state
vitiate
to
is
is
kingdom of God.
then tends
CITIZEN.
"Whatever
to his
com-
monwealth.
fully,
becomes ne-
it
opposed
we
to that
shall find
it,
if
we mistake
evangelical faith,
which
religious
As we
our free
to
not, equally
is
uniformly
we
find but two grand divisions, in respect to the momentous subject of man's salvation. Before the Refor-
who
held to
who mingled
observances, as
the Lollards
latter.
Protestantism arose
same
order, this
distinction
has
of the papal
nians.
under the denomination of Calvinists and ArmiNot that all who belong to the former class sub-
scribe
to
erally,
body of the
latter class,
The fundamental
the
of defending them
is
129
With
quite another.
the
its
aspect on minor
points.
utter alienation
that a
imparted
is
which
effort
and thus
that
this
to
make
each
will
under the
men
to
eternal
life.
life,
choice
it,
as a choice to
to
lapsed powers,"
The
'
human
its
the
cultivation of
the
or
determination results
solely
will
from
be holy or
on
The former
this contingency.
regeneration
Holy
Spirit
is
:
hold, that
spiritual
ence
thus securing
who maketh
it is
the
man
us to differ."
tained with
130
loosest
communion, owing
to the
low
human
Connected with
heart.
we
usually find
The
copal ministry.
instantly
is
"born again
infant
is
and obtains a
title
Church of
nothing
Christ,
no
is
According
to
prelatical bishop,
The
men
Spirit
is
there is
Holy
of rejecting the
accumulated
The
something necessary
office
to salvation, as a
sacrament
is,
himself to God,
is
an absolute
nullity."
Yet, strange as
it
may
seem, after stating the case thus strongly in the form of an objection,
he declares that the fact is so. " Truth is sacred and immutable,
and must be received, whatever inconveniences attend
Vol. II. p.
78.
its
reception."
None
131
who
says that
who have
Church"
that
"great
who
is
negli-
Judge
who
impunity."*
not go the
full
only do
it
but their
negatively.
own
Companion
to exist.
we
in a
and
manner
with
are indeed,
other denominations
They
;
they
one,
all
been altered
there
tions to
204.
are
who do
They
find
that
we have
198
200, 203
to strike the
suppose, will contend that Dr. Hobart ever changed his sen-
We
views always maintained by him, and as now maintained by his foland we are therefore fully authorized to appeal to the statelowers
;
If there
were reason
But
this,
we
132
admit any other. They " are yet to learn" in the words of
Bishop Ravenscroft, " where a promise to fallen man is
that
Now
on earth."
this
negative exclusion
this refusal
the
same thing
no authority
men, amounts
none
and
make
all his
endeavors
we
to
say
see no
except
sees
must
which he
in a matter
precisely
to
He who
to learn
those of our
in
cZw-belief, in
idle.
far
It is
to
us extremely
from being
silent,
on which
all
we may
antiquity, if
credit high
manner
man can be
single church,
it
is
who, under
for fallen
all
this light,
institutions of their
for those
Maker.
coming eternity
unmingled wrath,
of Protestant
in faith
churches,
which
Rome,
present hour
to .the
mother of abominations,
that
133
is
freely recognized
And
candidates
that
for
the
in
England, have
for venturing to
the importance
so great is
sentiments,
attached to these
Far be
it
from us
to intimate,
The church
mong
A-
Scott,
who were associated in support of the ChrisTo these persons, under God, the Eng-
of writers
tian Observer.
church
lish
which now
is
all
communion
and
for the
nevolence.
for
them
Actuated by such a
to lay
any
stress
spirit,
on outward
it
was impossible
rites
and ordinan-
"
Were
be a true church.
Church
of
it
were hard
to
for the
apostolic succession."
valid the orders~of
.that
we have
its
still
" It
(the
is
Roman
who
pure as our own; thus making the form, rather than the faith, the
constituent and vital principle of a
church.
12
Such
is
Vol. II. p. 7.
admitted by
134
They
modes
of worship
spiritual religion
and
all
were naturally
own
their
to
desirous, that
its
With
views,
these
own
communion. *
Mr. Gisborne
for
ly indispensable in future
ages."
own
its
sentiments,)
" Episcopalians
says,
found not
are
now commonly
were a
sions,
total
associated with
which
preten-
were
>
High Church
first
preached
in the University of
Cambridge, by
"of
these,
p. 123.
Further light
may be gained
Rev. C. P. Golightly.
stith's
says, "
The Record
distinctly."
who
p. 17,
who
133
So
great
was
by
sermon
his
to
to
the
measures of
to the
and condition of
articles of religion,
in the
faith, as
set forth
to
be
read in churches, and that hath been taught ever since her
Majesty's reign, in sermons, and defended in public schools*
it
by such means
of doctrine
They
we thought
meet
in
the
viz. his
bitter terms,
tofore,
whom we
touched in that
made
in
They
matter.''''
;
therefore required
St.
He
revoked
do beseech you
uttered
many
to
bitter
perseverance, &c.
pardon
this
my
And
rashness
added, " I
also that I
same
churchJ"
136
into English,
Moreover
people to read.
after
in
phy, as
many
cf
them
upon
its
whom
under
Elizabeth,
the English
present foundation,
Church was
" predestination
settled
and
the
that
is equally certain.
Their choice of Peter Martyr
and Bucer, both Calvinists, as the first professors of the-
VI.
ology
at
demonstrations of this
fact.
doctrine of election, of
jhe
In their writings
we
saints perseverance,
firictthe
and kin-
The
following passages
Tindal says
are offered
fall,
we
Cranmer, says
whom
as
that
it
specimens.
elect,
in
finally, shall
it is
God
vation."
is
whom God
the
Father, before the beginning of the world, hath predestinated in Christ to eternal
life."
for
"
Whitsunday.
Man
of his
137
own
nature
is
Testimonies of
tent
this
fill
No
are taken.
that the
High Church
latter
days
ciples
deem
we
denomination, but
adhering
we
on
churchman-
In exposing what
we
who
insist so strongly
to the faith
in this country
It is natural for
us to feel
The
how
of faith
Men
itself,
they say,
are chosen to be
is
were
The very
to cut
that
men
existence
made
believers.
12*
will
become
THE '-CHRISTIAN
138
-CITIZEN!.
when such
the press
in
those
when
and when
all this is
sentiments
we
maintained
in our churches,
we
think, that
It is
farther into
Their
in,
utter futility
strated.
It is
never put
indeed a striking
down with
fact,
that
they were
more
by Bishop
recently,
Leaving
hands,
we
shall
4.
laid
down by
the high
Word
of Gad.
The
are in a state of
who
The former
who
to the
human
in
their
The
minds by
members
139
;"
The one
of Christ's body.
in the
world
made
;"
God and
as having " no
hope
kingdom " of
his
dear Son.
The most
What
The
change in
of condemnation
this sentiment
Baptism
and in
coin-
cide.
man
is that
state
is
grace"
state of
tized Christians
(i.
e.
Christ
children of
Now, we
ask, is
it
God
as
made members
as
of
kingdom of heaven."
affirm more strongly, that
heirs to the
possible to
must continue in
this state,
life.
But
must go on
to
True, they
repent of sin
that great
change
in their character
the
and
which no man can see the Lord, is efThis makes them in a moment " children of God," and should any individual among them die
at that moment, he must of course be saved.
Now, we
Can
ask, is this the doctrine of the New Testament ?
the act of a fallible man thus remove the condemning sen-
condition, without
fected by baptism
* See
Companion
140
trie
soul
all
The
renew-
But where
we any
in
give evi-
dence of
so entire
which
and absolute, as
to
to
is
them
to
The utmost
Are
world crucified
subject
stretch of charity
we
"
guage of prayer.
ther, that
it
We
even
Spirit; to receive
him
for thine
own child by adoption, and to incorAnd again, Then shall the min'
is
regen-
Camdon
We
really think
no
fair,
no straight-forward
dealing can get rid of the conclusion, that the church holds what is
He adds, " So long as I officiate
called baptismal regeneration."
do not see
how
can
be commonly honest, and yet deny that every baptized person is, on
What he means by this regeneration is
that account, regenerate."
not so clear, for he adds, " the church does not hold that
all
who
are
thus regenerate, can never need any further moral change, in order for
fitness for heaven and yet he says again, " he is born again from above."
;
No wonder
that
many
tion
by the
ally
Spirit,
It is
Is this regenera-
chiefly
the
Roman
Catholic's
141
The
apostles too
like
rite
Why,
and entreaties
tions,
to bring their
them
to baptize
at
once
V No
of salvation
In
all
which the
the directions
never alluded
is
to but once,
This outward
formly represented
mere symbol of a
as
the
title to
?"
How
x. 47.
But
dict the
Holy
baptize these
to give
No
Spirit ?"
Holy Ghost
?
Considered in
little
stress
was
was
laid
on bap-
How
&c.
While
wonder
that
it
it is
by renewing
it
if I
inrlu-
needs a further
Word
of God.
should be deficient in
susceptible of improvement."
me
different
____
revision to render
No
if
invariably followed
liturgy,
this
but because
as well as we."
'-'
it.
men
them " a
it is
why
light, as a
spiritual
to
Acts
they uni-
To
rite
to
142
it,
Regarded
had only
the apostle
to
persuade
power
momentous pre-
is
ing of water at his hands, and they were instantly conmade " children of God," and " heirs of the king-
verted,
dom."
But these pretensions reach
we can
obtain a
Others with
farther.
still
title to
is
our salvation."
nothing
to the
therefore
is
know and
believe
Here,
we
apprehend,
is
if
possible a
the
still
eth."
worketh righteousness
is
accepted of Him."
Such
are the
is
if to
silence
all
different
cumcision
is
pendent of them.
Word
of
rite,) is
nothing, but a
new
any outward
Such
God involved
new creature
rites,
;"
proving
something
We
5.
would now
turn, for a
moment,
143
to consider the
is to
to
the scrip-
painful.
most distinguished
bling tendency.
saints,
"
was shapen
wretched man
we
hum-
that I
my mother
" Oh,
conceive me."
Now we
the utmost danger, that impenitent sinners, under the influence of the sentiments in question, will
entirely
fall
whom
now
rests
on these pages,
seems
Is
it
is
removed, and
its
feel that
it is
trifling,
remove
to
to
to
since
it ?
make them
requires
it
Do
they not
that they
have only
to
be
tism
they observe
the
they
144
; all
by
that
it,
told, the
God
is
"nourishing
every
man
ed, at
which time,
announced
to
them, that
the- .Holy
rite
vows of
reli-
given to
is
to profit withal."
it is
which
that grace
is
along with
connected^ and
gious natures
Ghost
grace of
of con-
kingdom
their godfathers
delegated to open the kingdom of heaven, they are re-assured of " a title to all the privileges and blessings of
Christ's purchase."
Now what
is
the influence of
if
all this
Do
on the unsuspect-
As they have
so, that
title
to
the
kingdom of
vice,
The
heaven.'"
We have
and
persuaded of'the
eousness
is
which
is
right-
neither bor-
is
ceremony
!!
145
Here
he has no wish
hope
and
is told
to question, that
on authority which
curing a "
title to
effectual to his
mode"
of se-
Who
purchase."
would not
mode" and
system,
tiplication of prescribed
ordinances?
mul-
pressed with
If
its full
such persons
sible for
completion."
to listen
as sinners
which men
Where
God,
to
What
violence
that
for
How is
pos-
with
kingdom of heaven?
is
it
state
of
themselves.
We
appeal
to
every
such persons, with a seriousness and pungency borrowed from the word of God, whether he has not found
to
up the soul
condition, in the
(a)
and
view of
Him who
ly unable to discover
how
it
invidiously, but
we are
utter-
High Church
An
is
It is
13
a" title
to salvation,"
146
outward
"
ther.
It is with pain that we have alluded, at all, to these
remains of the " old doctrine" amongst any members of a
Protestant church.
little
if
We
two
can disco-
carried.
is
something like
identity.
Melville,
the errors of
We
Ox-
Rome,
it is
we
are sepa-
I utterly reject
and anathe-
from Rome."f
* Bishop Ravenscroft.
t
One
"
all
147
review, seem to us to
(b.)
Their advocates
presupposing in
They do
maturity of holiness.
any
all,
all,
that in-
which only
to ripen to
the full
is
among men, which has been created by a change of their moral natures.
They are not
accustomed therefore, to bring home the searching truths
radical distinction
this
and
we
are not
culated to disturb the conscience of the sinner, or to create "a belief in that plague of the heart,
which God
nounces
men
sed
to
desperate
wickedness.
All
are
pro-
suppo-
all
along treated as the gospel treats those only, who are new
" The preachers of this
creatures in Christ Jesus.
school," says the London Christian Observer, " address
their auditors almost promiscuously as Christians, because
tion of them,
is,
name
and
be exhorted
to
can be prescribed
gence in pleasure
tion of
human
to all persons,
is sinful.
The
beyond which,
indul-
148
Well does
ed
at
"
We
sinfuL"
are alarm-
the consequences to
volume
which
in
which
it
appears.
it
We
see nothing in
know
to the strength of
all
the
not of
passion in differ-
ent individuals."*
To what
directly lead
As
in regard to truth
it
want of discrimination
and communion.
It is
wicked
too grossly
want of discrimination
arises from a
it
leads to a
saying to
to believe
it,
except those
all,
who
are
Is
it
at
some period
many
it
whom we now
to
enjoins.
a fatal delife
We
know
speak, sometimes
which
the world,
kingdom of heaven,"
al-
But
Review
Observer.
of Bishop Hobart's
Sermons
in
the
London Christian
evil
must be,
that is eternal.
If
moving on
149
we mistake not,
common family,
one
This
we
law
civil
such ministrations.
a belief in native grace, or a remnant of moral
It is
And this
sembly.
tinction
which
How
are said to
natural
expand
is it ,that
submission
whom we
attitude
tive
and cherished
fitness for
fa-
vor,
which
tion of
at
(c.) It is
owing to
13*
Unitarianism
150
little
community where
progress, in a
High Church principles, are prevalent. There is no demand for Unitarianism in such a community. Are any
offended with that kind of preaching which shows man
his utterly depraved and ruined condition, and
him
for
which sends
an almighty
relief to
who
to
prepare
It is
not, to
entire
Where
heart.
few
terms,
any inducement
will find
And had
of Arius or Socinus.
it
become followers
to
and the
and
Arian
probably have
indomitable
Socinian
of
spirit
classes
of
civil
liberty,
England would
and refreshing
acter
may
its
this char-
august protection
upon
to
decide
damning
;
prayers of holy
us that
We
all is
yet
men
sin of schism,"
we have
we
to
be
in that venerable
communion, assure
not right.
Church as
remarks
such, bat
151
to a portion of its
Concerning
ginal founders.
many
this defection,
the
its ori-
of the
in
And we speak
It
against
is
spoken
this
principles,
subject,
may
with feelings
whom we
is,
differ.
we have
on
Hooker, that
never
to
We
In
this
it is
our purpose
engage.
we wish
tableness, or to share
not worthy.
nor feel
all.
it
And
There
to
it
is
In
with those of
whom
we
a charity which
the world
is
neither covet,
we have
other opinions,
we
Church
upon the
The
same
light that
we
has given
we can
urge no
THE CHRISTIAN CITIZEN.
152
review of Oxford
that with
We
divinity.
fill
truth,
exclusiveness,
spirit
as
chills,
and tendencies
of a divine Christianity.
We
tions,
and in
justification
brief
by
men
in our days,
to
the
collective
is
confined to the
and through
ages,
all
embraced
in
it,
but
exclusively, as the
apostles
none must
flatter
and
that
it
was
supposed
that
none
themselves they
the
gospel in the
it
to a
name."
men
conclusions,
according
to
to the most
which the chief
THE CHRISTIAN
153
CITIZEN.
by a
sweeping
is
interdict
and
to
be
left to
and pious
that able
men
demonstration,
did not
irresistible
mode
and
appalling conclusions,
we
awe from
up under anything
if
it
This
is
the
below.
because
it
is ours.
not because
foundations
it
;
is
still
it
is
the only
good
founded on
it
is
We
still
cannot bear
to
think that the veil of the temple should have been rent
we
still
approach
to the
Holy of
holies
we
many
it
it
is
to
of
its
the best
is
make
it
out
upon
154
scriptural
For
cause.
weakens
their
to.
macy
pri-
sible than
strength of
which
it
Christian Church."
" Let us,
my
brethren, carefully
beware of
that
most
hurtful
enough:
let
side, to
render
the salvation
not tied to
other,
narrower
it
its
still.
for
his people is
one
anything that
to
new
creature.
be preached
be baptized
to all nations,
in the
name
and
were
to
The
to the
little
doctrine and
at this time.
And we
should re-
been contented
to
own commu-
155
all
These exclusive
own.
common
influences of our
war upon
make
And we are
and thus
Christianity,
we have
Many
given.
others
are
same, and with their characteristic intelligence and charity are speaking plainly, and admonishing of the evils,
result
ed in these things,
the
is
common
for
We
are
all
directly interest-
property of
man
every where.
is
" Truth
of
No man
world.
the
office or station of
'
Go-
dies alone.
We
heirs of a
common
warm
charity of
are
members one
Christianity, are
its
bound
to unite in the
we
find
Dr. Duffield,
showing that
mind alone
that
is
it is
affected.
156
li
ty
and
its
power
; in
paragement of
its
puri-
to
be a
understood, in
proportion as
it
felt
is
independence of whatever
and
is
more appear
visible institutions
seems scarcely
It
local
is
to
need proof,
that
importance
rically
to visible institutions,
name
of christian to
may
its
knowledge
such a system, so
it
its
jurisdiction
that
pale, or
if
is
not acfar as
the most
work
permitted to
vitality of the
gos-
ever
whatever
is substantial,
is
benign, whatever
we
prelacy
is
is
rea-
gloomy
find a
we have been
we
rather
Am. Ed.
pp. 223-25.
THE CHRISTIAN
157
CITIZEN".
And
way
Hence we perceive
obstacles in the
manding
whence
cient fraternity,
day,
it
bosom of
is
that an-
And
to this
been saved her severest check, and the pious been more
Henry
my
As
of
Rome, and
itual Christianity
lision
there
ples are
the
truth
it is,
must, be conflict,
remonstrating
till
And
Two
pared
for
It
may now be
of
Genevan."
mind redeemed,
free, sanctified.
And
it
is
ry
will
if
pre^
Let
is
Two
law and
No
equality,
and those of
158
It is as
we
bound
feel
meet, in charity
to
The
all their
confi-
claims to
And
it
is
more
own
in defense of our
principles, than of
we speak
The
at all.
claims.
its
more
ness,
in pity to
feat of others.
their increase,
It
just-
at the de-
is
the
and
in the
may
enforcement of formalism, or
may
its
be excluded,
acceptance as
be forfeited the
vital
The
parts to the
And
while there
manding our
above
all
is
much
so
is
attention, as
fled.*
it
them
in silence, or fail to
sity
do
which
their
we
should pass
We
and
cannot be ex-
if
ne-
imposed upon us
to
so.
we
it
is
because
we
Robert Hall.
THE CHRISTIAN
merits
it
is
them
believe
159
CITIZEN.
common
sense
it
be in direct opposition
to
dangerous
is
because
we
word and
to the
to the interests of
We
oppose them."
much
testants,
abide the
to
issue.
that
in this country,
waking up
that strange
sympathy which
it
to
her
receives
influence,
its
must speak
out.
Silence
monstrant submission
spiritual
now would
Christianity,
be falsehood, unre-
to opinions, that
would exclude us
We
come
And we
* See Revelations,
xiii.
11
15.
160
and
workings on the
their legitimate
interests of
We
and religious
civil
mankind.
modi-
institutions greatly
state
our government
to
is
civil
to
freedom,"
if
human
revolution
more
it
is
possible, that in
no way, can a
prelatical, diocesan
Epis-
standing army."f
results,
we
will
not be answerable.
It is certainly a
after
remarkable
fact, that
these principles*
made
so
little
They have
had the patronage and support of the proudest governintelligent portion of the Christian world.
ments on
is
nominal Christians.
communion of
Is
the
These exclusive
papal associations,
human mind
so dull
the
acknowledgement of
principles,
its
to
down
to the
p. 3 i.
161
At
least,
we
Must not
their
filled
by
their
own
instinctive vitality,
Unsustained, but
re-
faith,
and succession
to the
covenant
mercies of God.
But we
find no>
anywhere.*
any unusual
to the
no such
And Ave
adminis-
difficulties in their
common
fruits of their
way from
their hostility
They
life.
We
we do
and cramp
we
in
*
The
Church
at
the mill of
in the
East Indies
we
church principles,
in
intelligent
communities.
Nor can we
remain.
14*
at
easily
home, while
its
THE CHRISTIAN
162
The world
the Philistines.
strength,
and the
CITIZEN".
is
We
an exclusive system
strong attachment to
primitive Christianity
tions of the church,
unknown
to
grew
to eollossal greatness
amid ages
identity of
its
And
lament their
wonder
v/e
to its
wasting
We are
its
ruins.
High Church
In excom-
May
the
law of
may
love,
and the
of Christ
spirit
all
life
communion of
everlasting
the saints,
remote and
and
We
\o
should esteem
it
liberty,
and hail as
and
it
free-
would be the
common Redeemer.
And whatever
to the
honor
obstructs or
163
The
enlightened and
state of
man.
commercial community
claim,
and
her
man-
Of the
kind.
morality of this,
universal brotherhood of
fer of salvation
no separating walls
ritories,
all truth is
we approach
ciples,
gion, in love
expansion
error has
prin-
free
With these
all
And
of this
we
We
know
there
is
racy,"
as
resemblance
to the
may now
It
be seen
of the "
fifth
England.
We
we
in
democracy"
in the state
but
any form.
spirit of
wisdom without
also, as
vio-
we
THE CHRISTIAN
164
CITIZEN".
look even in
its
But
It
it
has not
may
secure
What
is
it
in
We seek, we
In Scotland, but
common
we may
"
citizenship,
same
sentiments, the
The
And we have
Reforma-
tion,
English persecution,
spirit of
at the
is
that,
extravagant Independents
same
And though
ters
con-
may
we
shall see
away
the
wa-
order, beauty
in the pro-
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