List of Content

Content

Pages

Chapter 1 : Introduction
1.1 Title
1.2 Objective
1.3 Introduction
Chapter 2 : Literature Review
2.1 Gates and Flip Flops
2.2 Altera Board
Chapter 3 : Methodology
3.1 State Diagram
3.2 State Table
3.3 Block Diagram
3.4 K-Map
3.5 Schematic Design
Chapter 4 : Result & Discussion
Chapter 5 : Conclusion
Chapter 6 : Recommendation
Chapter 7 : Appendix

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4
5
7
7-11
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13
14
15
18
18-20
21-22
23-24
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26
27-28

List of Figures
Content

Page

Figure 2.1 D Flip Flop

Figure 2.2 Altera Board

Figure 3.1 Flow Chart of Work Planning

Figure 3.2 State Diagram

Figure 3.3 Present State and Input Condition

11

Figure 3.4 Condition and Output Operation

11

Figure 3.5 Block Diagram Of Eggs Grading Machine

11

Figure 4.1 Input Output Schematic Circuit Diagram

16

List of Table
Content
Table 1.1 Project input and output

Page
2

Table 2.1 Truth table for Not Gate

Table 2.2 Truth Table for AND Gate

Table 2.3 Truth Table for OR Gate

Table 2.4 Truth Table for NAND Gate

Table 2.5 Truth table for a positive edge-triggered D flip-flop

5
6

TITLE :
Auto-Massage Chair

OBJECTIVE :
1) To develop a brand new advanced product that can satisfy human needs such as less
time-consumption, cheaper price.
2) To introduce a device that able to save time and energy without exercising and
portable (easy to be brought to home).
3) To introduce a technology-helping device for reducing strain injuries and relieve
stress.
4) To improve humans health and to be a medium for users to cure sore muscles

INTRODUCTION :

This project is aspired based on the massage machine that is specially design to apply
pressure and relaxation to muscle. As a human being, some people spend most of their time
working in an office, sitting down on a chair for 8 hours or so instead of exercising. To
overcome such problem we have come out with a solution that is to invent a special massage
chair that contain internal electronic motors designed to massage when a person sitting on it.
Basically this auto-massage machine is focused on the main parts of human body that
contain numbers of muscle cell which is neck, legs, and shoulder. It will helps user to
massage body to loosened tense muscle and lower body pressure ensuring relaxation and
relieve stress. The advantage of this chair is to improve blood circulation, relieve muscle
tightness and reduce repetitive strain injuries.
To go deep about the project, equipment that will be use is switch button (to press
time button), power supply (to supply power), DC motor (to convert electrical energy to
mechanical energy), chair completed with comfortable features (to provide comfortable
seating for user), sensor (to sense parts of head and body to be massaged) and USB timing
control board supply. As stated from the previous proposal, a function that performs massage
based on users time preferences (either by choice or by our default setting) is available.

Massage time

Body parts

<5 min

Head

<15 min

Body

Unlimited

Head and body

Table 1.1 : Project input and output

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
In this mini project, there are many components are used. Such as,

NOT Gate

Inputs
0
1

Outputs
1
0
Table 2.1 Truth table for Not Gate

 AND Gate

Inputs

Outputs

Table 2.2 Truth Table for AND Gate

 OR Gate

Inputs
A

Outputs
X

1
1
Table 2.3 Truth Table for OR Gate

 NAND Gate

Inputs
A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1
Table 2.4 Truth Table for NAND Gate

Outputs

X
1
0
0
0

10

 D Flip-Flop

Figure 2.1 D Flip Flop

Table 2.5 Truth table for a positive edge-triggered D flip-flop

11

 Altera Board

Figure 2.2 Altera Board

Miscellaneous
Clock: The triggering input of the flip flop.
Clear: An asynchronous input to reset a flip flop.
Counters: Classified as two parts: which is asynchronous and
synchronous. Asynchronous counter is one in which the entire flip flop
in the counter do not change states at exactly the same time because they
do not have a common clock. While synchronous counter is the one
which all the flip flop in the counter are clocked at the same time by a
common clock.
State diagram: A graphic depiction of a sequence of states or values.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

12

Below is the flow chart of the work plan.

Figure 3.1 Flow Chart of Work Planning

13

Elements that need to have when constructing digital project:

State Diagram
State Table
Block Diagram
Karnaugh Map
Schematic Design
Waveform

State Diagram

Figure 3.2 State diagram

14

PRESE
NT
STATE
Q1
Q0

00
NONE

01
( HEAD )

10
( BODY )

11
(ALL
PART)

INPUT

A
Un
li
mi
te
d
M
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

B
<
15
M

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

NEXT
STATE

OUTPUT

Q1+

X
LED 1
(red)

Y
LED 2
(yellow)

Z
LED 3
(green)

0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1

0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1

0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1

<5
M

0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1

Q0

State table

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Table 3.1 State table

Condition

Output
x

A (all part)

B(body)

C(head)

None

Table 3.2 Conditions and output

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Figure 3.3 Block diagram

Karnaugh Map for massage chair

ABC

000

001

011

010

100

101

111

110

Q1Q2

00

01

11

10

Equation Q1+= AC + AB + BC

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ABC

000

001

011

010

100

101

111

110

Q1Q2

00

01

11

10

111

110

Equation Q0+ = AB + B|C + A|C

ABC

000

001

011

010

100

101

Q1Q2

00

01

11

10

101

111

110

Equation X : AB|C + ABQ0 + ABQ

ABC

000

001

011

010

100

Q1Q2

00

01

11

10

Equation Y : |Q0 BC +|ABC + AB|C + Q1BC

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ABC

000

001

011

010

100

00

01

101

111

110

11

10

Q1Q2

Equation Z : Q1 |Q0|C + A|C + B|C + AB

19

Figure 3.4 Schematic Design

20

Figure 3.5 Circuit in Form of Block Symbol

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CHAPTER 4
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
ANALYSIS RESULT
To get the waveform - refer to the Boolean Equation.
Inputs - A, B, and C and outputs - X,Y,Z.

Figure 4.1 Output Transaction

22

DISCUSSION
Based on this project, it has three inputs and three outputs. The inputs are time that
has been set for massaging purpose (which will be presented by timer) and outputs are the
body parts of user (which will be presented by sensor). To implement this design into Altera
board, switch will represent timer (SW0, SW1 and SW2), and LED will represent sensor
(LED1, LED2, LED3). For the operation, the input A will be equal to <5 minutes, input B
will equal to <20 minutes and input C will be the unlimited time. If none of the inputs turned
on, no sensor will triggered and therefore nothing will happen, even though the button that
indicates <5 minutes because the whole process will not start for <5 minutes only. If only
one of the buttons are pressed without pressing the unlimited button, (input 011, 101),
LED3 will be turned on. This is due to the simple state diagram and state table that has been
set that if one of the inputs (expect the MSB bit), any previous state will go to its next state
which allows head massaging). If two of the buttons are pressed, body sensors will triggered
due to the same explanation above. The only different here is when the unlimited is pressed.
It will automatically triggers all of the sensors (all LEDs will turn on) and allow full body
massage.

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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
As for conclusion, engineers can develop a brand new advanced product that can
satisfy human needs such as less time-consumption, cheaper price by adding a (or some) new
function that is user-friendly. Since the marketing target is for office workers, a 5-minute light
massage and 20-minute full body massage is beneficial. This product, if were designed with
putting eco-friendly, simple, cheap and useful concept, a massage chair that able to save time
and energy without exercising and portable (easy to be brought to home) is no longer a
dream. Since the Whole Body Vibration is a new advancing technology breakthrough for this
kind of product, introducing a technology-helping device for reducing strain injuries and
relieve stress as well as are able to improve humans health and to be a medium for users to
cure sore muscles will no longer out of reach.

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CHAPTER 6
RECOMMENDATION
Massage chair can be symbolize as a luxury for those who worked hard by sitting at one
place for a long time, office workers for example. Less people are afford to buy such product
for their own work efficiency, thus can cause backache, migraine or headache. As for future
recommendation, use simpler logic implementation can help to reduce the price.
Some companies like Ogawa invented a public massage chair by inserting some RM
notes for a few minute massage, but for those who need longer massage than just a few
minutes, approximately RM30 will be spend for 30 minutes massage, while that RM30 is
sufficient to buy food for 5 days. That is one of the proof that massage chair is a luxury less
people can afford. Although those who akin for a massage chair is usually did not make a fuss
about money, having cheap price with good features will attract more buyers.
Besides that, adding the features for massaging purpose has been prove as a good idea
for a massage chair. A chair made by Sanyo Electric Co. can sense how tense a persons
muscles are by reading data on the users perspiration, heartbeat and skin temperature. It then
provides the user with the most suitable massage based on its findings.

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CHAPTER 7

Appendix I List of group members, contribution

State Diagrams, State Table, K-Map by:

Edzahanfarihin bin Tamin
Mohamad Zulfazrin bin Mohd Nasir
Siti Nurhidaya binti Abdul Ghaib

Logic Circuit Design (Using Quartus II software) by:

Muhammad Firdaus bin Azman
Zulhelmi bin Hemaran

Paperwork (Proposal and Report) by:

Edzahanfarihin bin Tamin
Mohamad Zulfazrin bin Mohd Nasir
Muhammad Firdaus bin Azman
Siti Nurhidaya binti Abdul Ghaib
Zulhelmi bin Hemaran

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Appendix II References
i.

Internet
Bouchez, C. (2007). Passive Exercise-Whole Body Vibration and More. WebMD.
Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/passive-exercise-whole-

body-vibration
Cespedes, A. (2015). Benefits of Seated Chair Massage. Livestrong. Retrieved
from http://www.livestrong.com/article/174679-definition-of-chair-massage/

Laskowski, E. R. (2015). Expert Answers about Whole Body Vibration. Healthy

Lifestyle: Fitness. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthylifestyle/fitness/expert-answers/whole-body-vibration/faq-20057958

ii.

Books

Mano, M. M, Ciletti M. D. (2008) Digital Design, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.

Ltd.

Feynman R. P. (1996) Lectures on Computations, Penguin Books

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