CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
MirrorLink is a device interoperability standard that offers integration between a smartphone and a
car's infotainment system. MirrorLink transforms smartphones into automotive application platforms
where apps are hosted and run on the smartphone while drivers and passengers interact with them
through the steering wheel controls, dashboard buttons and touch screens of their car's In-Vehicle
Infotainment (IVI) system.[1]
MirrorLink utilizes a set of well-established, non-proprietary technologies such as IP, USB, WiFi, Bluetooth, Real-Time Protocol (RTP, for audio) and Universal Plug and Play(UPnP).[2] In addition,
MirrorLink uses Virtual Network Computing (VNC) as the baseline protocol to display the user
interface of the smartphone applications on the infotainment system screens and to communicate
user input back to the mobile device.

HISTORY
MirrorLink started out as a research project. Researcher Jrg, from Nokia Research Center in Palo
Alto, US, took results from the noBounds! projectinvented by researcher Bernd Steinke from the
Nokia Research Center in Bochum, Germanyand applied them to the automotive domain.
MirrorLink turns the promise of the connected car into reality. Simply connect any MirrorLink-enabled
smartphone to any MirrorLink-enabled vehicle, and take advantage of easier and more responsible
access to navigation, music and phone apps while you drive. The apps run on the smartphone, but
you see them on the dashboard display and hear the audio via the car's speakers.
With MirrorLink, huge icons make apps easy to use and you can control navigation, music and more
as easily as turning on a blinker. Designed for maximum interoperability between a wide range of
cars and smartphones, MirrorLink makes connected driving easier, safer and more enjoyable.
MirrorLink is the leading industry standard for car-smartphone connectivity. It is already available on
more cars and smartphones around the world than any other method of connectivity.

BEGINNING
[edit]

MirrorLink started out as a research project. Researcher Jrg Brakensiek, from Nokia Research
Center in Palo Alto, US, took results from the noBounds! projectinvented by researcher Bernd
Steinke from the Nokia Research Center in Bochum, Germanyand applied them to the automotive
domain.
The initial approach[3] applied by Bernd Steinke contained three specialised sub-protocols for optimal
power efficiency: 2D, 3D and Media. Support for 2D graphics composition via X11 mirroring was only
needed by the requirements of the chosen source device, a Nokia N800 mobile Linux device, and
the desire to speed up demo availability to show mirroring use cases. OpenGL ES was used for fast
3D graphics and alpha based Porter-Duff compositing for shine-through 2D effects. To make this
future relevant approach available on the limited N800 Mesa 3D was used[4] for local playback. High
Definition Media streaming was implemented via OpenMAX, RTP and a timed sideband control to
allow synchronous displayed streaming[5] of the original video file without transcoding. The Initial
implementations have remoted the GUI, Games and media content of an NokiaN800 and later
an N810 mobile Linux device. This demonstration of, at that time, not expected capabilities of mobile
devices, was widely reported.[6]
In parallel, a member of a CE4A company, who had seen the same initial results, contacted Nokia
and the collaboration between Nokia and CE4A started. First ideas have been published and
demonstrated using a Nokia N810 Internet tablet at IEEE CCNC 2009 conference.[7] Together with
two other researchers, Raja Bose and Keun-Young Park, from Nokia Research Center in Palo Alto,
and in close collaboration with the Consumer Electronics for Automotive (CE4A) group of German
car manufacturer, the original Terminal Mode concept has been created. The name Terminal Mode
originated from the name of the Expert Group within the CE4A, which created a Positioning Paper.[8]
Nokia, together with Magneti Marelli, publicly demonstrated a first Terminal Mode concept, during a
Navteq Connection event, in conjunction with the Frankfurt International Auto Show (IAA) in
September 2009.[9] A first car integration was shown at Geneva Auto Show in March 2010, using
a Nokia N97 prototype implementation of Terminal Mode, integrated into a Valmet concept car.[10] A
draft 0.9 specification version[11] was released in March 2010.[12] In July 2010 the Terminal Mode was
presented, integrated to a VW Passat at MobileBeat 2010. [13] A first real live demonstration can be
seen in[14] from September 2010, shortly before the Terminal Mode specification became public on 6
October 2010.[15] Early adopters included Continental,[16] Alpine,[17] and Clarion.[18]
The collaboration between Nokia and CE4A on Terminal Mode led to the formation of the Car
Connectivity Consortium. The Car Connectivity Consortium brought together major players in the
automotive and mobile device industries including a large number of Tier-I suppliers and even a few
network providers. On 12 September 2011, Terminal Mode was renamed as MirrorLink and became
a commercial trademark owned by the Car Connectivity Consortium.[19] As of May 2012, the Car
Connectivity Consortium had 56 members, and included almost all major automobile and mobile
device manufacturers in the world.

GLOBAL STANDARD
The Car Connectivity Consortium, made up of various auto and electronic manufacturers, has joined
together to establish an industry standard for certifying apps and devices that are both safe and
useful for drivers, called MirrorLink. The joint effort by car manufacturers and phone makers is aimed
at developing open standards to define operations of smartphones linked to cars. [1]
A unique element of MirrorLink is its ability to show the smartphone interface from a variety of
mobile OS platforms on the audio head-unit display.[20]

MIRROR LINK IMPLEMENTATION

MirrorLink currently works with Symbian phones (only Nokia Belle phones, not S60v5 phones from
many manufacturers), Samsung Galaxy series (on Android Lollipop (5.0)), and Sony Xperia
Z series Android phones.[21] Sony audio has launched two audio head units in 2012 Q2, which are
MirrorLink compliant.[20] Phone maker Motorola and audio head unit maker Alpine are also members
of the group supporting MirrorLink. Alpine will offer MirrorLink based aftermarket systems in the US
in 2013.[22] VW will offer MirrorLink based infotainment systems starting with its 2nd generation MIB
infotainment hardware starting in 2014 with the new Polo. In India Maruti
Suzuki Ciaz, SCross Ertiga andBaleno hatchback car models also have infotainment system with
MirrorLink feature.

WORKING