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DOI 10.1007/s10681-007-9564-6
Received: 24 February 2007 / Accepted: 28 August 2007 / Published online: 18 September 2007
Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007
Introduction
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop that
serves as a major carbohydrate source for nearly half
of the worlds population. Although a large number
of rice varieties have been released for different agroecosystems in India, only a few are widely grown.
Rice variety BPT5204, popularly known as Samba
Mahsuri, is one of the rice varieties, which is very
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412
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413
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414
Table 1 Microsatellite
markers that are
polymorphic between
SS1113 and Samba Mahsuri
The number of
polymorphic markers/
chromosome and their
RM#s are indicated in
parentheses
Chromosome locus
Total # of markers
analyseda
# of Polymorphic
markersb
16
14
3
4
13
10
1 (RM 16)
3 (RM 335, 317, 280)
10
11
13
12
11
10
10
11
11
12
Total # of markers
139
G = [(X + 1/2Y) 100] N
where
N = total number of parental polymorphic markers screened
X = number of markers showing homozygosity for
recurrent parent allele
Y = number of markers showing heterozygosity
for parental alleles
Assessment of BB resistance
The pyramided lines were evaluated for their reaction
to BB under glass house conditions using seven
isolates of Xoo obtained from different geographical
locations in India. Individual lines were grown in
plastic pots (17 cm diameter 15 cm height) under
flooded conditions with a mixture of soil and farmyard
manure (3:1 ratio). The pots were fertilized with N: P
@ 100:50 kg/ha with P applied as basal dose and N
applied both as basal dose and top dressing at 25 DAS
(days after sowing). Forty-day old plants were clip
inoculated (Kaufmann et al. 1973) with bacterial
suspensions of 109 cfu/ml. Approximately 1520
leaves were inoculated/pot and lesion lengths were
evaluated 15 days after inoculation.
Evaluation of grain quality characteristics
The grains of the pyramided lines were evaluated
(three months after harvest at 1214% moisture
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Results
Introduction of BB resistance genes into Samba
Mahsuri background
The SS1113 rice variety (donor of the BB resistance
genes Xa21, xa13 and xa5) was crossed to Samba
Mahsuri with the former as the male parent. The F1
plants were confirmed for their heterozygosity for the
R gene linked markers and were backcrossed using
Samba Mahsuri as a female parent. The resulting
BC1F1 lines were first checked for presence of the
marker linked to Xa21 resistance allele in a heterozygous condition. All of the plants that were
415
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416
Table 2 Number of triple R gene heterozygotes identified and estimation of recurrent parent genome contribution
# of plants
scoreda
BC1F1
145
BC2F1
126
BC3F1
BC4F1
Generation
Estimated maximum %
contribution of recurrent
parent genome to selected
backcross plantc
Expected % contribution
of recurrent parent genome
to selected backcross plantd
11
72
75
10
80
87.5
120
89
93.754
80
96
96.875
At each backcross generation, genomic DNA was isolated from derivative lines and genotyping was performed using primers that
are tightly linked to R genes as described in Materials and methods
At each backcross generation, fewer than expected triple heterozygotes were obtained. This is due to the fact that some of the
putative backcross progeny were obtained by inadvertent selfing of Samba Mahsuri (the female parent in these backcrosses)
At each backcross generation, genomic DNA was isolated from derivative lines that are triple heterozygotes for R gene linked
markers. Microsatellite markers that are polymorphic between the parental lines were then used, as described in Materials and
Methods, to identify the plant with maximum recurrent parent genome contribution
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417
Gene combinations
Line numbers
3
4
4
2
B-136, 184
A total of 320 BC4F2 plants were genotyped with R gene linked markers as described in Materials and Methods. As per
Mendelian ratios, the expected number of BC4F2 plants for each genotype listed above is 5 as these genes are independently inherited
(they are non-linked)
obtained from the experimental farm of the Directorate of Rice Research. The three-gene pyramid lines
were highly resistant to all six strains of Xoo with
average lesion lengths being \2 cm.
traits with Samba Mahsuri. Particularly, the pyramided lines showed a desirable alkali spreading value
of 5.0, which is identical to Samba Mahsuri and
different from SS1113 (7.0). In a panel test for taste
conducted by the grain quality-testing laboratory at
the Directorate of Rice Research, the pyramided lines
are indistinguishable from Samba Mahsuri.
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418
Table 4 Grain quality parameters of the three-gene pyramid lines of Samba Mahsuria,b
Variety
Alkali
Amylose
spreading content (%)
value
B197
71.5
68.1
5.00
1.73
2.89 MS
Absent
5.0
24.60
B189
70.5
66.5
4.86
1.83
2.66 MS
Absent
5.0
24.89
B226
69.7
65.6
5.06
1.84
2.75 MS
Absent
5.0
24.68
B170
24.39
71.3
67.8
4.87
1.94
2.51 MS
Absent
5.0
66.7
4.89
1.86
2.63 MS
Absent
5.0
24.21
SS1113
69.4
6.57
1.95
3.37 LS
24.81
71.3
The grain quality parameters were determined as described in Materials and Methods
Discussion
Samba Mahsuri is a premium rice variety whose
popularity lies in its high yield and exceptional grain
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Non-significant
d
Each entry into the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme is given a unique IET (Initial Evaluation Trial) number
Grain yield of entries given in Kg/ha Standard error; values given are mean of three replications
The location average includes the yield data of the lines mentioned in the table as well as one local check line which varied depending on the location
c
50
0.9
18.2
NS
NS
7.5
19.6
NS
868
7.6
13.6
NS
672
12.9
2.0
5.4
CV%
208
440
NSd
4487
LSD (P \ 0.05)
8.7
3085
1896 21
3907 36
3732
4166
3981 26
5303 200
5284
6455
6931 504
3508 218
4229
2937
2043 179
6382 58
5709
6593
4159 55
4608
Location averagec
6766 563
4665
419
SS1113
4739
4574
3939 12
3628 15
4420 198
3504 59
3888 120
4444 41
4797 290
5050 333
6031 458
6111 351
3903 400
4250 281
2551 87
2825 138
5851 100
4546 33
6200 252
Samba Mahsuri
6465 495
4870 109
4945 182
IET19590 (B170)
4727
4667
3749 19
2696 38
3651 172
3432 479
4259 57
3611 115
6313 333
5050 333
5793 153
6560 318
4946 387
4946 263
2688 24
2784 33
5460 67
5319 100
4686 161
IET19046 (B226)
6561 273
4719 155
IET19045 (B189)
6713 231
4597
2723 23
3223 385
4259 88
5797 467
5846 88
4270 319
3155 77
5780 88
5294 72
IET19026 (B197)
6627 435
Mean
Maruteru
Hyderabad
Nawagam
Karjat
Raipur
Cuttack
Bhubaneswar
Kaul
Ludhiana
Pant Nagar
Varietyb
Table 5 Grain yield of three-gene pyramid lines along with donor and recipient lines as recorded in Advanced variety trial 1-NIL of All India Coordinated Rice Improvement
Programmea
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420
Table 6 Effect of bacterial blight (BB) on yield of Samba Mahsuri and three-gene pyramid lines
Line
Lesion length
(cm)#
% of yield reduction
due to BB
Samba Mahsuri
6850 403
5250 296
24.66 2.87
23.36
B170
6613 451
6432 498
2.20 0.29
2.72
B189
7205 623
6913 447
2.20 0.57
4.05
B197
6932 455
6731 405
1.95 0.72
2.89
B226
6695 432
6525 393
2.21 0.32
2.54
*Experiments conducted in 10 m plots in three replications as described in Materials and Methods. Yield of 10 m2 plots extrapolated
to per ha yield (1 ha = 10,000 m2)
#Average lesion length for 25 leaves/plot measured 15 days after inoculation
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