734 .

minda 2009
Mathematic form 2
By Lam Bai.
Salam sejahtera and very good morning to all Minda Pelajar readers.
This week we will continue our discussion on the topic algebraic term.
Multiplication and division of algebraic terms in two or more unknowns and
operations. And the algebraic expression
Learning objective:1. Understand the concept of algebraic expressions
2. Perform computations involving algebraic expressions.

Learning outcome:After this session student should be able to:

1. Write an algebraic expressions for given situations using letter symbol
2. Recognise algebraic expressions in two or more unknowns
3. determine the number of terms in given algebraic expressions in two or
more unknowns
4. Simplify algebraic expression by collecting like terms
5. evaluate expressions by substituting numbers for letters
6. Multiply and divide an algebraic expression by a number
7. perform
a) addition
b) subtraction
involving two algebraic expressions.
8. simplify algebraic expressions.

Do you still remember an algebraic terms in two or more unknowns?

2010pmr is an algebraic term in three unknowns
( 2010 is a number and is called the coefficient of the unknown and
p, m and r is unknowns)
2010pmr is the product of 2010 p m r
The number 2010 is written first
The multiplication symbol is not written.
The unknowns are usually written in alphabetical order

A . Algebraic expressions.
We know that an Algebraic expression is a combination of two or more algebraic
terms with addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
An algebraic expression contains one or more algebraic terms. These terms are
separated by plus or minus sign.
15p has one unknown only p.
8x + 12y has two unknowns : x and y
64 10pmr has three unknowns : p, m and r
jkl 8h + g has five unknowns : j, k , l , h and g.

Example 1
Write an algebraic expression for each of the following statements.
( writing algebraic expressions for given situations using letters)
i.
add 44 to p
ii.
subtract 33 from the product of p and 9.
iii.
Divide the sum of p and m by 9k
iv.
Multiply 24 to half of rmk.
v.
If a pen costs 8k sen. Find the cost of a dozen pens.
solution
We can write the algebraic term by using letter symbols for any given situation.
i.
ii.
iii.

44 + p ( form the instruction add 10 to m)

9p 33. (multiply 9 and p first)
pm ( pm is the product of p m)
9k

iv.

24 (

v.

8k 12 = 96k ( 1 dozen = 12 units)

1
rmk) ( no need to simplify, just follow the instruction)
2

An algebraic expression in two or unknowns is an expression which consists of at

least two unknowns

Example 2:State the number of unknowns in each of the following algebraic expressions.
i.
42x + 9y
ii.
2009 26pmr.
iii.
165spm + 13stpm 157pmr
solution
i.
ii.
iii.

42x + 9y has two unknowns ; x and y ( 42 and 9 are constant).

2009 26pmr has three unknowns; p, m and r.
165spm + 13stpm 157pmr has 5 unknowns; s , p , m , r and t
An algebraic expression can have only one term.
( 165spm is an algebraic expression with one term)
( but different unknowns : s , p , and m)
A Number can be considered a term
44ptk 24 is an algebraic expression with two terms.
44ptk is consider one term 24 also is consider one term.

Example 3 :Determine the number of terms in each of the following algebraic expressions.
i. 12m2k + 17pk
ii. 3ab 5abc + 7bc
iii. 213mkn3 66mk + 22mk + 77
iv. 23ab + 12mn + 7ab 9mn.
v. 2mcr 3 + 5tmk 8rm + 18.
Solution.
i.
2 terms (12m2k and 17pk)
ii.
3 terms ( 3ab, 5abc and 7bc)
iii.
3 terms (213mkn3 , 44mk , and 77)
iv.
2 terms (30ab and 3mn)
v.
4 terms (2mcr, 5tmk , 8rm and 15)
( a number can be considered a term)
Algebraic expression can be simplified by collecting like terms.

Example 4:Simplify the following

i.
26mn 29ab 22mn + 2ab.
ii.
28abc 5mc + 9abc + 12mc 6mn 17abc.
iii.
9mab2 + 8 mb 12amb2 3mb
iv.
8ban + 13mn + 16abn + 7nab 12nm.
Solution.
(when simplifying an algebraic expression, only like terms can be added or
subtracted)
i.
26mn 9ab 22mn + 2ab
= (26mn 22mn) + (29ab +2ab)
= 4mn 27ab
( two terms but 4 unknowns a, b , m, n )
ii.

28abc 4mc + 9abc + 12mc 6mn -17abc .

=( 28abc + 9abc 17abc) +(5mc+12mc) +(6mn)
= 20abc + 7mc 6mn
(three terms but 5 unknowns a, b , c, m, n ) .

iii.

9mab2 + 3mb 2amb2

= (9mab2 12mab2) + (8mb 3mb) (rearranged the terms)
= 3mab2 + 5mb

iv.

8ban + 3mn + 16abn + 7nab 12nm

= ( 8ban + 16ban + 7ban ) + ( + 3mn 12mn)
(rearranged the terms)
= ( 31ban 9mn)

B . Finding the product of two or more algebraic terms

When multiplying two or more algebraic terms,
1. multiply the numbers
2. multiply the unknowns
3. write the number followed by the unknowns (letters) in alphabetical
order

Example 5
Find the product of the following
1. 12mn (4mk) 2k2 a
1
pq 36pk4 4km2
3
2
3. 18wg 3w3k ( gk)
3

2.

solution
1. (12)( 4)(2) m m n k k k a (multiply the numbers)
= 96ak3 m2n (write the number followed by the unknowns in alphabetical order)
2. (

1
) (36)(4) p p q k4 k m2
3

= 48k5m2p2q
3. (18)(3)(

2
) g g k k w w3
3

= 36g2k2w4 ( -ve -ve = + )

C . Finding the Quotient of two or more algebraic terms
When dividing two or more algebraic terms, follow the step below:
Write the terms as a fraction
Simplify by cancelling numbers and unknowns that appear in both
numerator and denominator.
(Reduce to the lowest terms)
Example 6
Find the quotient of the following
a) p4k2m (4 mpk)
b) 8x4y2 6xy 4x2ym
c) 10tm3 5ptk 3t2km
Solution
3
a) p4k2m
4mpk
1 3
1
p k or
kp3
4
4

b) 8x4y2 6xy
4x2ym
= 2x2 6x

m
= 12x3
m
c)

or 12x3m-1

10tm3 5ptk 3t2km

= 210 tm3 3t2km
5 ptk
= 6m4t2
p

or 6m4t2p-1

home work.
Paper 1.
1. 8m (12m 6m) =
A. 2m
B. 4m
2. 9k 3( k 3) =
A. 6k 9
B. 6k + 9

C. 14m

D. 18m

C. 12k 9

D. 12k + 9

3. Which of the following is not correct?

A. 3pm = 3 p m
B. 3m2k = m m k 3
1
1
pmr =
pmr2
4
4
1
1
D.
ptk =
ptk2
2
4

C.

4. The coefficient of 6ur in the term 6upsr is

A. 6usr
B. 6ps
C. ups

D. sp

5. Which of the following is unlike term of 5spm

A. 5pm
6. 7(3x + 4)=
A. 21x + 4
7.

5( 2k 7m)=
A.. 7k 7m

8. 8p 9(p 7) =
A. 17p 63

B. 0.8spm
B. 10x + 28
B. 10k + 35m
B. 17p 63

C. spm
C. 21x + 28
C. 7k + 35m

C. 17p + 63

D.

1
spm
5

D. 10x + 11
D. 10k 35m.
D. 17p + 63

9. The number of terms in 46pm 18(5pm + 2k + 4r 1) is

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
10 . 32 k 128m =
8
A. 4k 16m

B. 4k 16m

D. 5

C. 4(2k + 4)

D.4k + 16m

11. The length of a lawn bowl court is (4w 7) m and its width is (3w +3 )m.
the perimeter of the court in meter is
A. 14w 8
B. 12w + 6
C. 10w 14
D. 25w + 8
12. Simplify 43x + 5y 6(x + 3y).
B. 37x 13y

A. 49x + 8y

C. 46x + 3xy

D. 37x + 4y

Paper 2.
1. 8(3 + b) + 5b + 9 =
2. 12 k 8(4 k) =
3. 7(3m + n) + 12 m 5n =
4. 9mnp + (13mnp) + 14pmn =
5. . subtract 8pmr 16spm 19mk from 13spm + 2pmr 7mk.
6. Calculate the area of the triangle below.
P
10xy cm
M

(6x + 8)cm

7. Find the perimeter of the diagram below.

M

R
10xy cm

6x cm

8y cm

8. Simplify 6km2 4mb + 7bm

9. A piece of square cardboard has a length of (8mn 2p2) m. the perimeter, in
meter of the cardboard is.
10.

(4p + 7k)cm

(8p k)cm

(3p + 5k)cm
The diagram shows a triangle. The perimeter, in cm, of the triangle is
A.
Answer.
Paper 1 1. A 2. D 3. C 4.D 5. A 6. C. 7. B 8. D. 9.C
Paper 2
1. 24 8b + 5b + 9
= 15 3b
2. 12 k 32 + 8k
= 20 + 7k
3. 21m + 7n +12m 5n
= 33m + 2n
4. 9mnp 13mnp + 14mnp
= 8mnp
5. (13spm + 2pmr 7mk ) (8pmr 16spm 19mk)

10.D. 11. A 12. B

29spm 6pmr + 12mk

6.

1
(10xy)(6x + 8) cm2
2

= (30x2y + 40xy)cm2.
7. (18x + 8y + 10xy)cm
8. 6km2 + 3bm
9. 4( 8mn- 2p2)cm
= (32mn 8p2)cm
10. 15p + 11k.