The Treaty of Indonesia-Netherlands about surrender West Irian

The background of the return of West Irian

Before I start my discussion would love niih question, whether the West Irian
including parts of Indonesia? The answer is yes. Because if the terms of the political, that by
1896 an international treaty championed by Prof. Van Vollen Houven (customary law expert
Indonesia) agreed that "Indonesia" is a former Dutch East Indies. While the West Irian
although said by the Dutch in different tribal people of Indonesia, but legally the Dutch East
Indies.
If the terms of anthropology, that Indonesia is the original Homo sapiens Wajakensis
and Soloensis which has characteristics: black, curly hair (race austromelanesoid) which is a
characteristic feature of Aboriginal peoples (Australia) and negroid (Papua).
When viewed in terms of history, that the Round Table Conference was done to
organize the transfer of sovereignty Indonesia tinged with sly Dutch businesses that want to
continue to retain West Irian (New Guinea) by reason of ethnicity. KMB eventually decide
the settlement of the West Irian will be determined within one year after the transfer of
sovereignty through negotiations between the RIS with the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Is it true that the reason the Dutch retain West Irian as tribal problem? Apparently not!
The real reason is that at that time the Dutch were held exploration / research of
natural resources in Irian and managed to find the fact that in West Irian contained gold and
uranium mines in the world (now called Freeport which is a foreign company owned by the
Dutch) that will not be depleted in dig for 100 years.
Netherlands retain West Irian as a colony, and enter the territory of West Irian into its
Constitution on February 19, 1952. Thus, the Netherlands itself has violated the content of
the Round Table Conference agreed with RIS.

why the Indonesian nation struggling to seize West Irian? What happened with the
West Irian? In order for the above questions can be answered, you have to remember the
material contents of the RTC. What KMB contents concerning West Irian? Yes, the
Netherlands will hand over West Irian one year after the recognition of sovereignty. But until
more than two years the Netherlands has not been handed over West Irian. Stems from the
problem, then the Indonesian nation struggled mightily to regain West Irian. Any efforts taken
by the Indonesian government to seize West Irian? What was the reaction of the people of
West Irian and decisions about their future? Joined under the Indonesian government or
remain under the authority of the Netherlands?
"The return of West Irian become an important issue for the Indonesian government
since 1950, ie one year after the signing of the RTC. One of the contents of the agreement is
the Netherlands will hand over West Irian to Indonesia one year after the recognition of
sovereignty. The decision was never kept by the Netherlands. Therefore, the Indonesian
government struggled with all means to reclaim the West Irian from the Dutch ".

The struggle of the Indonesian government in the effort of liberation of West Irian
In section A has explained the reason the struggle for liberation of West Irian. In the
liberation effort, Indonesia use two ways. The first stage by means of diplomacy, both with
the Netherlands as well as in international forums. Being the second stage by means of either
confrontation confrontational political, economic, and military. The following will be
described in detail each these phases.

A. Seize the West Irian Struggle through Diplomacy

1. Diplomacy with Netherlands
West Irian efforts through negotiations with the Dutch has been done since the time Natsir
cabinet and cabinet-cabinet next. But the Netherlands still insists on control of West Irian,
even unilaterally Dutch incorporate West Irian to the Netherlands in August 1952
2. Diplomacy through the United Nations
Effort ever conducted by Indonesia through the UN Forum:
a. Tried to enter the West Irian every year on the agenda of the Security Council and the
Assembly of the UN General Assembly (foiled Netherlands).
b. Delivering the West Irian problem through the speech the President of the General
Assembly entitled "Building a New World"
c. Bring West Irian issue on the agenda KAA (Asia Africa Conference)
3. The establishment of West Irian
Coinciding with the 11th Anniversary of RI, August 17, 1956, the Cabinet Ali Sastroamijoyo
form a provisional government of West Irian thousands of cities in Soasiu. Its territory is
occupied territory of West Irian Netherlands, region Tidore, Oba, the Vedas, Patani, and
Wasile in North Maluku. His first governor Sultan Tidore, Zaenal Abidin Shah, were
inaugurated on 23 September 1956.
4. Dissolution of the Netherlands-Indonesian Union
In addition to businesses struggle through political field liberate West Irian also through
social and economic fields. Unilateral cancellation of the Netherlands-Indonesian Union by

the Government of Indonesia conducted in 1954, and the cancellation of the results of the
RTC on 3 May 1956. On 18 November 1957 general meeting held in Jakarta liberation of
West Irian, which is then followed up with:
a. Total labor strike by the Dutch company, December 2, 1957
b. Prohibit all distribution media and the Dutch-speaking films
c. Prohibits the Dutch aircraft landing and flying over the area RI
d. Closing the Dutch consular activities in Indonesia
e. Nationalization of assets and the Dutch company in Indonesia. There are 700 companies
that were nationalized Dutch belongs to Indonesia, among others:
- Printing "de Unie"
- Electric Company "Philips"
- "Nederlandsche Handel Maatschapij", which is now the "Bank Dagang Negara"
- Bank "Escompto"
- Shipping (KPM)
- Some plantation and mining companies

5. Termination of Diplomatic Relations

diplomatic rangkapemutusan with the Netherlands, dated February 10, 1958, the
government established FrontNasional West Irian Liberation. Termination of diplomatic
relations with the Netherlands officially carried out in the President's speech, entitled "The
Way We Like the Revolution Angel Down From the Sky" (abbreviated "Jarek"), on August
17, 1960.

6. Through the support of Countries of Asia and Africa

Fail through bilateral means, Indonesia also seeked regional diplomacy by seeking
support from Asian and African countries. Asian-African Conference held in Indonesia in
1955 and attended by 29 countries in Asia Africa, unanimously support Indonesian efforts to
reclaim Irian as a legitimate area of RI.
Dated January 20, 1965, Bung Karno pull Indonesia out of the UN's members. This is
because the UN does not run a good job of dealing with its members, including in relation to
the conflict between Indonesia and Malaysia. There are six reasons that can not be denied by
anyone, including the UN Secretary General himself, which is the basis for Indonesia to
withdraw from membership of the UN.
1) About the position of the United Nations in the United States. Bung Karno
criticized, in an atmosphere of cold war the United States and the Soviet Union complete with
a psychological war going on, then the headquarters of the United Nations should not even be
in one of the perpetrators of the cold war. Bung Karno proposed that the United Nations
headquartered in Geneva, or in Asia, Africa, or else a neutral area outside the United States
and the Soviet bloc.
2) The United Nations was born after the second world war, was intended to resolve
disputes between countries can be swift and decisive. But it is happening is the United
Nations is always tense and slow in responding to conflicts between states. Indonesia
experienced two times, ie, when liberation of West Irian, and Malaysia. In both cases, the
United Nations does not bring a solution, the only exception being the terrain of debate. In
addition, post-war, many new nations, newly freed from suffering the occupation, but the fact
of the charters were born or in its preamble, never mention the word colonialism. In
summary, the UN does not put countries newly independent proportionately.
3) The organization and membership of the Security Council reflects the economic
map, military and force in 1945, did not reflect the rise of the socialist countries and the
emergence of the fast development of the independence of the countries in Asia and Africa.
They are not accommodated because the veto only belong to America, Britain, Russia,
France, and Taiwan. Conditions were not actual anymore, but there is no single person who
tried to move to change it.

4) Problem secretariat which always held an American chief of staff. No wonder if the
results of many policies to accommodate the interests of the West, at least use the Western
system. Bung Karno can not high menunjung it with a basic system, "Imperialism and
colonialism is the biological child of the system of Western countries. As with the majority of
the UN members, I hate imperialism, and I was disgusted at colonialism.
5) Bung Karno UN considers confused by refusing representative of China, while
Taiwan sits on the Security Council who are not recognized by Indonesia. In the eyes of Bung
Karno, "With the exclusion of a great nation, a great and powerful nation in terms of
population, culture, ability, ancient cultural heritage, a nation full of strength and powereconomic, to the exclusion of the people, then the UN is very debilitating force and the ability
to negotiate precisely because he rejected membership in the world's largest nation.
6) The absence of equitable sharing between the UN personal in its institutions.
Former head of UNICEF was an American. Chairman of the Special Fund is American. The
UN Technical Assistance Agency chaired the UK. Even in disputes Asia as well as the
formation of Malaysia, the plebiscite organized by the United Nations failed, chaired by an
American named Michelmore. For some heads of state, the attitude out of the United Nations
considered daring attitude. Bung Karno not just come out of the UN. More than that, he
formed the New Power Conference (Conference of New Emerging Forces / CONEFO) as an
alternative to the unity of nations other than the United Nations.
The conference was originally held the end of 1966. The firm and courageous step
Sukarno immediately received the support of many countries, particularly in Asia, Africa, and
South America. Even most of Europe also mendukung.Sebagai Olympic match, Bung Karno
even organized Ganefo (Games of the New Emerging Forces) held in Senayan, Jakarta on 10
-22 November 1963.
The Games was followed by 2,250 athletes from 48 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe,
and South America, as well as some 500 foreign journalists covered. Bung Karno with
CONEFO and Ganefo, already show the world, that the organization of nations does not
necessarily have one, and only the United Nations.
But the voice of Asian-African nations in the UN still can not attract international
support in the UN General Assembly.

B. Tri Command of the People (Trikora)

Dutch action to establish the state of "Dolls" Papua was a challenging attitude to the
Indonesian nation to act quickly. Therefore, the government immediately take action to
liberate West Irian. On December 19, 1961, the President in a meeting in Yogyakarta giant
issued a command which is known as the Tri Command of the People (Trikora) whose
content is as follows.
1) thwarted the formation of the "State of Papua" homemade Dutch colonial.
2) hoist the Red and White in West Irian homeland of Indonesia.
3) Be prepared for a general mobilization in order to maintain the independence and
unity of the homeland and the nation.
With the issuance of a total confrontation Trikora then start against the Netherlands
and in January 1962 the government established West Irian Liberation Mandala Command
based in Makassar. The main task and the Mandala Command West Irian Liberation is the
development of military operations with the aim of developing the area of West Irian into the
power of the Republic of Indonesia. As Commander of the Mandala is Major General
Soeharto.
Before the Mandala Command perform the operation has been carried out incursions
into West Irian. No dated January 15, 1962 when the time shows at 21:15 in the sky were two
aircraft at an altitude of 3000 feet across the Navy patrol formation. It is estimated that the
aircraft is owned by the Dutch type of Neptune dam Firefly. Time was seen also two
destroyers were being fired at the ship Motor Torpedo Boat (MTB) in which also participated
in high-level officials and the Navy Headquarters that Commodore Yos Sudarso. In the
incident in the Aru Sea Chief of Naval Staff, First Admiral (Commodore) Yos Sudarso, joint
commander of KRI Leopard, Captain (Sea) Wiratno, and some Navy soldiers died as a hero.
Before the fall of Commodore Yos Sudarso could say the last message "inflaming spirit of
battle." As for the planned operations Mandala Command in West Irian is divided into three
phases, namely as follows
.

3. The struggle through confrontation

Indonesian government gradually began to take concrete steps in the liberation of

West Irian. Such steps are carried out through the confrontation of economic, political, and
military.
a. Economics confrontation
Since 1957 Indonesia staged confrontations in an effort to liberate West Irian. The
first confrontation path taken is confrontation economics. Form of economic confrontation
done with the following measures.
1) The nationalization de Javasche Bank to Bank Indonesia in 1951.
2) The Indonesian government banned the Dutch airline (KLM) make the flight and
landing in the territory of Indonesia.
3) The Indonesian government banned the circulation of the Dutch language
publications.
4) The strike of workers in total in firms Dutch in Indonesia, which culminated on
December 2, 1957.
5) All the representatives of the Dutch consulate in Indonesia suspended on December
5, 1957 At that time also made a takeover action
or nationalization unilaterally against the Dutch companies in Indonesia. These
companies include Handel Netherlandsche Maatscappij (NHM) into Bank Dagang Negara,
Bank Escompto, and printing de Unie.
Indonesian action which took over the entire capital and the Dutch company has
angered the Netherlands, even Western countries are very surprised on the Indonesian action.
As a result, Indonesian-Dutch relations increasingly strained, even the United Nations is no
longer included in the agenda of the West Irian issue since the 1958 session.

b. Political confrontation
In addition through economic confrontation, the GOI also perform a political
confrontation. In 1956 Indonesia unilaterally cancel the results of KMB as confirmed in Law
No. 13 of 1956. Then, to validate his rule over West Irian, then on August 17, 1956 the
Indonesian government established the Province of West Irian with its capital Soa Siu.

Covers the territory of the Netherlands as well as the area occupied Tidore, Oba, the Vedas,
Patani, and Wasile. The first governor was Zainal Abidin Shah. Further formed Unity Party of
Paradise with the aim to be able to immediately incorporate the territory of West Irian into
Indonesia.
On January 4, 1958 the government formed a National Front for the Liberation of
West Irian (FNPIB). The aim is to mobilize the masses in an effort to liberate West Irian.
Indonesian-Dutch tensions mounting when Indonesia broke diplomatic relations with the
Netherlands on August 17, 1960.
c. Military confrontation
1. TRIKORA
Because of the political and economic struggle through to force the Dutch did not
succeed, the Indonesian government launched a military road. However, in April 1961 the
Netherlands instead formed a "Council of Papua" for the people of West Irian, which is then
followed by the Dutch statement in the UN General Assembly in September 1961 which
announced the establishment of the State of Papua. To strengthen its military, Netherlands
bring the aircraft carrier Karel Doorman.
Responding to the action, dated December 19, 1961, the President announced TRIKORA (Tri
Command of the People) in Yogyakarta.
Fill TRIKORA namely:
a. Abort the establishment of the State of Papua dolls made in the Dutch Colonial
b. Hoist the Red and White in West Irian, homeland Indonesia
c. Be prepared for a general mobilization to defend freedom and the unity of the homeland
and the nation

2. Establishment of the Mandala Command

To implement Trikora, dated January 2, 1962 established West Irian Liberation
Mandala Command based in Makassar. Commander is Major General Suharto, who served:
a. Plan, prepare, and execute military operations

b. Develop the military situation in the province of West Irian

March to August 1962, Mandala Command perform the landing operation in West
Irian. Such operations include:
a. Operation Citadel palace, in the region of Fak-Fak and Kaimana
b. Operation Wolf, around Sorong and Teminabuan
c. Operation Dragon, in the area of Merauke
d. Jatayu operation, in the area of Sorong, Kaimana, and Merauke
3. Battle of Aru
January 15 and January 19, 1962 fighting Aru Sea, in West Irian dekatperairan
between Navy ships RI (Navy) with a Dutch warship. The events started with three Navy
ships (MacanTutul, Tiger, MacanKumbang) were patrolling around the Aru Sea, and was
suddenly attacked by a Dutch warship. Because the battle is unbalanced it, ship Ship Leopard
and troops burned and sank. Commodore Yos Sudarso (Deputy Navy Chief) and Captain
Wiratno fall along with 25 troops. They died as a hero TRIKORA

4. International World Reaction

International world began to know that the liberation of West Irian military operations
conducted by the Indonesian government could threaten world peace. Therefore, the US
cemented Netherlands to want to negotiate. Ellsworth Bunker a US diplomat appointed by the
UN secretary general, U Thant as a mediator. Bunker propose some things in the settlement
of the problem of West Irian. The proposal was called "Bunker Plan", which read:
a. The Netherlands will hand over West Irian to Indonesia through a UN agency called
UNTEA (United Nations Temporary Executive Authority)
b. Granting rights for the people of West Irian For, ememtukan People Opinions about the
status of West Irian
Under the plan, dated August 15, 1962 agreement was reached between Indonesia and the
Netherlands in New York (New York agreement). The signing of the agreement, Indonesia

was represented by Dr. Subandrio, and the Netherlands are represented by Van Royen. Fill the
New York agreement, among others:
a. The Netherlands had to surrender West Irian to UNTEA later than October 1, 1962
b. TNI troops in West Irian remained in West Irian and under the supervision of the UN
interim administration
c. Dutch Armed Forces gradually withdrawn and returned to the Netherlands
d. Flag fluttering in West Irian side by side with the UN flag
e. RI will accept West Irian from UNTEA later than May 1, 1963
f. In the Year 1969 will be held the Act of (Act of) the people of West Irian

The Process and Phase of PEPERA

Process
According to Article 17 of the New York Agreement, the plebiscite did not happen
until one year after the arrival of the UN representative Fernando Ortiz-Sanz in the region on
22 August 1968. However, after NASA announced flight schedule Apollo 11 landed on the
Moon in July, Indonesia proposed plebiscite conducted six weeks early during the month of
July 1969.
New York agreement stipulated that all men and women in Papua are no strangers
have the right to vote in the Act. General Sarwo Edhi Wibowo, not been 1025 Melanesian
people of an estimated population of 800,000 as a representative of West New Guinea to
sound. They chose public and unanimously support remaining with Indonesia. The UN noted
the results of the General Assembly Resolution 2504. According to Hugh Lunn, reporter from
Reuters, those selected for the sound it is squeezed into voting against independence under
threat of violence against their people [1] Contemporary diplomatic cables show. American
diplomats suspect that Indonesia could not win a fair voting, and also suspect that the noise
was not conducted freely, but diplomats see the event as a "foregone conclusion" and
"marginal to US interests"

Phases of PEPERA
As part of the New York Agreement, Indonesia before the end of 1969 are obliged to
implement the Act of West Irian. In early 1969, the Indonesian government began to organize
the Act. Implementation of the Act do the following three stages namely,
a. The first phase started on March 24, 1969. At this stage of the consultation with
the district deewan in Jayapura concerning procedures for the implementation of
the Act.
b. The second stage of the election held Consultative Council Act which ended in
June 1969.
c. The third stage of the Act implemented Merauke district and ends on August 4,
1969 in Jayapura.

Implementation of the Act was also witnessed by the UN envoy, messenger

messenger Australia and the Netherlands. It turns out the results of the Act shows people want
to join the West Irian Homeland. Results Act was brought to the UN General Assembly and
on 19 November 1969, the UN General Assembly accept and approve the results of the Act.

Implementation of the Act in West Irian (PEPERA)

Indonesian confrontation with the Netherlands over West Irian got the attention of the
world. The UN agency began to show his concern by sending Ellsworth Bunker (a US
diplomat) to mediate in disputes between Indonesia and the Netherlands. Bunker proposes to
complete the famous West Irian as the Bunker Plan (Bunker's Plan). Here are the contents of
the Bunker Plan.
1. The Netherlands surrender West Irian to Indonesia through UNTEA.
2. The people of West Irian must be given the opportunity to determine the opinion,
whether to secede or remain united with the Republic of Indonesia.
3. Implementation of the settlement of the West Irian completed within a period of
two years.
4. In order to avoid clashes between the disputing parties held the transitional period
under UN supervision for one year.

Indonesian government agreed with the proposal, but the Netherlands rejected it.
United States initially supported the position of the Netherlands, turned to press the Dutch to
want to negotiate with Indonesia. Finally, on August 15, 1962, the Netherlands was willing to
negotiate with Indonesia. The talks resulted in an agreement named the New York
Agreement.
Here are the contents of the New York Agreement.
1. Cessation of hostilities.
2. After approval was passed, no later than October 1, 1962 UNTEA accept West
Papua from the Netherlands. Since then, the Dutch flag was taken down and replaced with a
UN flag.
3. Indonesian troops remain in the status of West Irian under UNTEA.
4. The Dutch Armed Forces and civil servants gradually discharged and must be
completed no later than May 11, 1963.
5. The flag Indonesia began to waver December 31, 1962 in addition to the UN flag.
6. The Government of Indonesia receives government in West Irian on May 1, 1963.
7. In 1969 held the Act of (the Act). As a follow up of the Agreement of New York,
UN Secretary-General appoint Bennet Rolsz of Guatemala as Governor UNTEA concurrently
deputy UN chief in West Irian. Based on the Agreement of New York in 1962, in West Irian
organized "act of free choice" or the Act of (the Act). Deliberation Council Act unanimously
decided that West Irian remained a part of the Republic of Indonesia.

Agreements New York August 15, 1962, Early Human rights violations in Papua

New York agreement is an agreement initiated by the United States in 1962 for the
transfer of authority over West Papua from the Netherlands to Indonesia.
Dated August 15, 1962 is a very important day in the history of political development
and democracy and human rights in Papua, because at that date there has been a signing of an
agreement document between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the
Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands under the auspices of the United States
Government.
The agreement was signed by the Government of Indonesia, which was then
represented by Dr.Subandrio and pemerntah the Netherlands, represented by Mr.JHVan
Royen and Mr.C.Schurmann. For that reason, this agreement was later called by the name of
the New York Agreement (New York Agreement).
Document New York Agreement further provides, among others, and especially
regarding the procedures and mechanisms of transfer of administrative authority over the
administration of Papua from the Dutch government to the United Nations (UN), which was
then represented by UNTEA (United Nations Temporary Executive Authority) or the United
Nations Interim Administration ).
Where the process of transferring power from UNTEA to the Republic of Indonesia,
which is marked with red and white flag-raising in Papua on May 1, 1963 marked the start of
the period of the Indonesian government in Papua.
Also in the agreement document also contains about ways of organizing free choice
act or act of free choice is a process for realizing the right to self-determination (rights to selfdetermination) of the indigenous people of Papua when it.
As set forth in articles 16, 17 and 18 of the agreement, among others stated that the
action of free choice is done in a manner that meets international standards is one person, one
vote (one man one vote).
Nevertheless in fact, precisely the model applied by the Government of Indonesia at
that time (1969) referred to as the Act of (PEPERA) which, according to the data obtained
LP3BH Manokwari that all participants act of free choice is actually already in the "sterile" it
for less 2 months before D-day in a number of military headquarters in Merauke, the
consortium, Sorong, Manokwari, Biak, Nabire, Wamena and Jayapura.

During the sterile period, the participants admitted that they were indoctrinated in
order to be united with the Republic of Indonesia chose so that their souls saved.
Besides winning effort over the PEPERA results have also been carried out by the
military through intelligence operations and security operations, where a number of young
people and students of indigenous Papuans then arrested and tortured or even killed and
brutally eliminated.
Examples of cases in Manokwari on July 28, 1969 or the day prior to the date of July
29, 1969 will be held PEPERA moment, why the military to arrest and persecution to the
execution of lightning that killed about 50 civilians?
Why are students or youth who come and deliver his political aspirations to the
surrounding area PEPERA Building (now West Papua Governor's Office) at the time, to be
faced with a rifle, tortured to battered and then transported by means of thrown into trucks
and military police and then taken to the TNI headquarters in Arfay then persecuted again
even until there are dead.
New York agreement is an agreement document that always makes us together have to
remember that the results of the New York Agreement has been brought as a result of the
formulation until the signing of the Contract of Work First between Freeport Indonesia
Company with the Government of Indonesia in 1967.
Then from the New York Agreement was also the basis for the commencement of
military operations by the military and police in Papua that since 1962, 1963, 1965 and 1969
to 1970 to this day continue to occur violations of human rights that meet the weight
standards under section 7 of Law No. 26 Year 2000 regarding Human Rights Court in the
Land of Papua.
Thus, in my view that the New York Agreement could be referred to as a source of
evil that should be studied and debated back by the law.
Once recommended to the United Nations need to be studied in order to be reviewed
document the existence of the August 15, 1962. Is the New York Agreement is a source of
prosperity for the native Papua and their homeland as early disaster or whether the human
rights violations that continue to occur and are systematically from the beginning until today?

In terms of international law, I see that it is possible to document the New York
Agreement August 15, 1962 This material can be tested either legally or through internal
mechanisms and procedures of the UN.

Conclusion

The emergence of West Irian problem is motivated by differences in Indonesia and the
Netherlands in assessing the status of West Irian. Indonesia considers West Irian as an integral
abgia of Homeland naturally occurring da inviolable. it is based on common history and unity
of the region regardless of ethnic and racial differences. This is in contrast with the view that
considers the Dutch West Irian as a separate part of the independence of the Republic of
Indonesia. it is based on the racial differences between western Irian with the rest of
Indonesia which is often thrown in the mix Netherlands. The Netherlands is the main reason
to make this region as a state itself, and make a settlement of the Indo-Netherlands who do
not want to be under Indonesian rule. it is becoming an increasingly serious conflicts, and
formally debated at the Round Table Conference (RTC) in 1949.
Eforts made in resolving the problem of West Irian always strived through early
negotiations with consideration of safer and more peaceful. But the diplomatic efforts
undertaken since the formation of the United Indonesia-Netherlands bilateral basis to use the
help of an international forum such as the UN, still can not provide a positive outlet.
Indonesian efforts to liberate West Irian and return to the bosom of Homeland deliver a new
policy with The term "other jaln" preformance form of confrontation of a political, social,
economic, and military.
After Indonesia took back western Irian, Indonesia has shown the world to complete
the revolution Indonesia in all fields.
Furthermore, to sever ties with the Netherlands, compiled plan cancellation uni
legislation passed by the parliament. However, before they are applied first bill that
cancellations must be signed by the president.
Thus, the task performed by the government of Burhanuddin Harahap has been
successfully implemented. Then in March 1956 he returned his mandate to the president.
Furthermore, the responsibility of the dissolution of the Union between Indonesia and the
Netherlands handed over to the new government led by Prime Minister Ali Sastroamidjojo
inaugurated on March 24, 1956.

Comments

Liberation of West Irian is one of the duties and tasks of the nation and the Indonesian
government to eliminate imperialism and colonialism in the face of the earth.
Love Indnesia peaceful nation but more love Independence, the proof of
Representatives in West Irian through the stages from start peacefully with diplomacy,
political confrontation, the last confrontation with the economic and military confrontation.
Indonesia is a nation that is steadfast in the fight despite many failures
Turns Dutch West Irian insisted on maintaining for 14 years, because of the mineralrich West Irian.

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INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS

THE TREATY OF INDONESIA-NETHERLANDS ABOUT

SURRENDER WEST IRIAN

Compiled by :
Emha Ainun Rizal
(20140610512)

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA

FACULTY OF LAW
LAW SCIENCE STUDY PROGRAM
2015