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* Mass
mcg→mg→g→kg (÷ by 1,000)
mcg←mg←g←kg (x by 1,000)
EX: Convert 5,000mcg to mg
* Weight
lb→kg (÷ by 2.2)
lb←kg (x by 2.2)
EX: Convert 74.8lb to kg
* Volume
mcL→ mL→ L→ KL (÷ by 1,000)
* Time
min→ hr (÷ by 60)
min← hr (x by 60)
EX: Convert 5 hours to minutes
min← hr (x by 60)
5hrX60=300min
Dosage Calculations
Mass for mass questions
* Given an amount of mass per tablet, how many tablets do you require?
Formula: Ordered
--------------- = tablets required
Have
25mg
--------------- = 0.5 tablets
50mg
Primary IV- used when administering primary IV fluids. Tubing includes a drip
chamber, one or more injection ports, and a roller clamp. Can be regulated
manually using the roller clamp or by placing the tubing in a electronic infusion
pump.
Secondary IV- used when giving medications. Secondary tubing is shorter and
also contains a drip chamber and roller clamp. It is “piggybacked” into the
primary line. This gives access to the primary IV catheter with having to start
another IV. *IVPB is hung higher than primary IV to allow the secondary set of
medication to infuse first.
*Major complications associated with IV therapy:
Phlebitis-vein becomes irritated, red, or painful (warm and cordlike vein).
Infiltration-IV catheter becomes dislodged from the vein and IV fluid escapes
into subcutaneous tissue (cool and puffy skin).
Infection
Solution strength- expressed as a percent (%) indicates the number of g per
100mL. *The abbreviation letters indicate the solution components, and the
numbers indicate the solution strength or concentration of the components.
Example 1:
Calculate the amount of dextrose in 1000mL D5W.
5
------------- X 1000mL= 50g
100mL
Example 2:
Calculate the amount of Sodium Chloride in 2000mL NS.
*Recall that NS is 0.9% NaCl (Sodium Chloride)
0.9
----------- X 2000mL= 18g
100mL
Example 3:
Order: D5 ¼ NS 500mL IV q.6h
Calculate the amount of dextrose and sodium chloride in 500mL.
D5= Dextrose 5% (5g of dextrose per 100mL)
5g
----------- X 500mL= 25g of Dextrose
100mL
Example 1:
Infuse 250mL over the next 120 minutes by infusion pump.
First, convert 120 minutes to hours
min→ hr (÷ by 60)
120÷ 60=2hr
Next, plug in to formula
250mL
----------- = 125mL/hr
2hr
Example 2:
D5W 250mL IV over the next 2hr by infusion pump
250mL
----------- = 125mL/hr
2hr
Example 1:
Calculate the IV flow rate for 1200mL of NS to be infused in 6 hours. The
infusion set is calibrated for a drop factor of 15 gtts/mL.
First convert 6 hours to minutes
Min← hr (x by 60)
6hr x 60 = 360min
Next, plug numbers into formula
1200mL
--------------------- X 15 gtts/mL = 50 gtts/min
360min
Example 2:
Calculate the IV flow rate for 200mL of 0.9% NaCl IV over 120 minutes. Infusion
set has a drop factor of 20 gtts/mL.
200mL
--------------------- X 20 gtts/mL = 33 gtts/min
120min
3mg
--------------- X 1min= 3/2 min =1½ min
2mg
Example:
The nurse makes rounds and notes that the current IV bag contains
approximately 450 mL. The IV flow rate is 150 ml/hr. How long will it be
before the nurse must hang a new bag?
450mL
---------------- = 3hr
150mL/hr