Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
AbstractGlobally, solar cells use has been increasing 40% since 2000
and becomes a significant portion of long lasting renewable energy
fulfillment. Sun tracking solar system is needed in order that solar
cells can result in maximum power output. It can control the position
of the solar cells to always follow the direction and position of the sun.
In this paper a sun tracking solar system has been controlled using
four LDR sensors to detect the value of sunlight intensity coming to
the cells. Results have been processed using fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy
logic method, as it is known to be memory efficient. Calculation results
were then implemented on microcontroller ATMega 128 to drive a DC
motor using a rotary encoder sensor. The DC motor is used to move
the solar panel. Experiment results showed an increase of 0.067 volt
obtained using the traking solar system. It was also proven that the
use of Takagi-Sugeno method resulted in faster computation process as
it was than on the two motors at once not like using Tsukamoto
method where the computation had to be done on each motor.
Keywords Fuzzy logic, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Position of
DC Motor, Solar System, Takagi-Sugeno.
I. INTRODUCTION
Now electricity energy consumption can not be separated from
human life. It is all because of the decreassing of industry development
and telecommunication demand that not compatible with the resource.
The best solution of this problem is using sun energy, the greatest
resource of this planet [1].
The power generated by solar energy systems depends
fundamentally upon the amount of solar energy captured by the solar
panel. The angle of the solar panel facing sun is a key factor
determining the efficiency of solar power generation, thus the problem
of developing tracking schemes capable of tracking the sun throughout
the course of the day on a year-round basis is of great significance. In
general, by optimizing the tilt angle and orientation of the solar
panels, the amount of solar energy captured could be increased by
more than 40% compared to the case in which the solar panel was
fixed on a horizontal surface [2].
To develop and optimize sun tracking solar system, there are some
methods. They are Genetic Alghorithm, Fuzzy Logic, PID controller, etc.
In this research Fuzzy Logic chosen because Fuzzy Logic can easily
understand, flexible, give tolerance for datas that can change fast, and can
design non-linier functions. In this research LDR sensor utilization change
fastly following the sunlight intensity, so fuzzy logic can be used [4].
logic. The microcontroller will send a data to the H-bridge circuit DCmotor to ensure solar panel is predicular towards the Sun. Two motors will
be presented four way (rotate clockwise or anticlockwise), there are eastwest and north-south.
A.
HARDWARE SYSTEM
1.
CONSTRUCTION DESIGN
Mechanic design determined by instrument height, setting up of 2 DC
motors, 4 LDR sensors, 1 sensor LM 35, 2 rotary encoder sensors, 1 LCD
and 1 microcontroller ATMega 128. Mechanic design showed by Figure 2
[5].
B.
PROGRAMMING SYSTEM
1.
In case quotation for fuzzy logic design, there are some step that must
be done at first, such as :
Table 1 shows the spesification of sun tracking solar system model and
the number of component that used.
Table 1 shows the spesification of sun tracking solar system model
Design Aspect
Weight of Solar Cell
Size of Solar Cell
LDR
LM 35
Rotary Encoder
DC motor
LCD
Power Supply
2.
Specification
2 Kg
80 x 50 cm
4 Sensors
1 sensor
2 Sensors
2 Motors
1 piece
1 piece
Fuzzification
Quotation of membership function or LDR range value that will be
used for logika fuzzy calculation came from 10 days data observe from 2327 February 2014 until 01-05 March 2014. Solar cell position is LDR 3
toward east side, LDR 2 toward south side, LDR 1 toward south side, LDR
1 toward west side, LDR 4 toward toward north side.
The data testing for 10 days was done by taking the data from the LDR
sensor every half and hour in a day, started from 7 AM to 4 PM. Then the
data was being collected, and the lowest and the highest ones indicated by
the LDR sensor were recorded. The value of the highest and lowest data
would be used to find the median of the LDR sensors output. These
highest, lowest and median data will be used for the reference or LDR
range, which will be used as the membership function in fuzzy logic
calculation.
Data above showed get lowest LDR value is 3,30 volt and highest
LDR value is 5,00 volt, so we can determined LDR average value are
highest LDR value minus lowest LDR value and divide by two, the result
are LDR average value is 4,15 volt. So, we can make membership function
for each LDR with three range that is low, median, and high. It shows in
Figure 4.
1,
[x]= 0,
4,15-x
,
4,15-3,30
x3,30
x4,15
Z=
3,30<x<4,15
Median (M):
0 ,
x3,30 & or x5,00
x-3,30
3,30<x4,15
[ x ] = 4,15-3,30 ,
5,00-x
,
4,15<x<5,00
5,00-4,15
High (H):
1, x 5,00
0, x 4.15
[ x]=
x4.15
, 4,15< x <5,00
5,004,15
1 Z 1 ++ 81 Z 81
1+ + 81
= Fuzzification output
= Degree of membership function
Tsukamoto Method
Z=
Z
1 Z 1 ++ 81 Z 81
1+ + 81
= Fuzzification output
= Degree of membership function
The calculation of fire strength for output fuzzy logic (Z), Determined
by this formula, based on Takagi-Sugeno rule base for LDR 1 and LDR 3,
as shown in Figure 5.
{
{
1 , Z 600
0
, Z 1000
Pr decrease [Z ]=
1000Z
,600< Z <1000
1000600
0 , Z 600
1, Z 1000
Pr increase [Z ]=
Z600
, 600<Z <1000
1000600
The calculation of fire strength for output fuzzy logic (Z), Determined
by this formula, based on Takagi-Sugeno rule base for LDR 2 and LDR 4,
as shown in Figure 6.
2.
{
{
Pr decrease
1,
Z 400
0
,
Z
700
[Z] =
700 - Z
, 400<Z<700
700 - 400
Pr increase
0,
Z 400
1
,
Z 700
[Z] =
Z - 400
, 400<Z<700
700 - 400
IV. RESULT
From the Graphic above, explained the value of Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4
from fuzzy logic calculation. From the Figure above, it can be concluded
that the difference between two methods is the average of 43 pulse for Z1,
28 pulse for Z2, 40 pulse for Z3 and 23 pulse for Z4.
Table 2 shows the data of voltage between using fuzzy logic and
without using fuzzy logic (static) for a day. For static solar panel,
maximum voltage is 19.89 Volt respectively. Meanwhile, for solar tracker,
maximum voltage is 19.94 volt respectively.
Table 2 Vout Solar cells Sensor between static solar panel and tracking
solar panel
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]