Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________

Sex-Linked Genes (pages 592–593)

13. Genes on the X and Y chromosomes are called .

14. Why are males more likely than females to have a sex-linked trait that is

recessive?

15. Is the following question true or false? A carrier for colorblindness is

colorblind.

16. Why is a son who receives the allele for colorblindness from his mother

always going to be colorblind?

Pedigrees (pages 593–594)

17. A chart or “family tree” that tracks which members of a family have a

certain trait is called a(n) .

18. Is the following sentence true or false? On a pedigree, a circle represents

a male.

SECTION
Human Genetic Disorders
17–2
© Prentice-Hall, Inc.

(pages 595-599)

This section describes how changes in the DNA of some genes have affected certain
traits in humans.

Introduction (page 595)

1. An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or

chromosomes is called a(n) .

2. What causes genetic disorders?

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CHAPTER 17, Modern Genetics (continued)

Cystic Fibrosis (page 596)

3. What is cystic fibrosis?

4. Is the following sentence true or false? Cystic fibrosis is caused by a

mutation that is the dominant allele of a gene.

Sickle-Cell Disease (pages 596–597)

5. Circle the protein that is not normal in people with sickle-cell disease.
a. mucus b. hemoglobin
c. red blood cells d. clotting protein

6. The allele for the sickle-cell trait is with the

normal allele.

Hemophilia (page 597)

7. Is the following sentence true or false? Hemophilia is caused by a

dominant allele on the X chromosome.

8. Hemophilia occurs more often in .

9. How is hemophilia treated?

© Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Down Syndrome (page 598)

10. Circle the letter of the cause of Down syndrome.

a. recessive allele b. dominant allele
c. too many chromosomes d. too few chromosomes

11. Down syndrome most often occurs when fail to

separate properly during meiosis.

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Diagnosing Genetic Disorders (pages 598–599)

12. Complete the concept map to show some tools used by doctors to
detect genetic disorders.

Tools to diagnose
genetic disorders

include

13. What happens during amniocentesis?

14. A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell is a(n) .

Genetic Counseling (page 599)

15. How do genetic counselors help couples?

© Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Reading Skill Practice

A compare/contrast table organizes information that you have read. Make a table to compare
and contrast the four genetic disorders described in Section 17–2. The column headings should
be the names of the genetic disorders. The row headings should include descriptions and
causes of the disorders. For more information about compare/contrast tables, see page 688 in
the Skills Handbook of your textbook. Do your work on a separate sheet of paper.

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CHAPTER 17, Modern Genetics (continued)

SECTION
Advances in Genetics
17–3 (pages 602-608)

This section describes some of the research in genetic technology and how it can be used.

Introduction (page 602)

1. List the three methods that people have used to develop organisms with
desirable traits.

a. b. c.

Selective Breeding (pages 602–603)

2. The process of selecting a few organisms with the desired traits to serve

as parents of the next generation is called .

3. What is inbreeding?

4. Is the following sentence true or false? In hybridization, breeders cross

two individuals that are genetically identical.

5. What is commonly produced today by hybridization?

© Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Cloning (page 604)

6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about cloning.

a. A clone has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was
produced.
b. A cutting is one way to make a clone of an animal.
c. It’s easier to clone an animal than it is to clone a plant.
d. Dolly, the lamb, was the first clone of an adult mammal ever produced.

7. Is the following sentence true or false? Cloning can be done only in

animals.

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Genetic Engineering (pages 604–607)

8. In genetic engineering, genes from one organism are transferred into

the of another organism.

9. Complete this flowchart about genetic engineering in bacteria.

Genetic Engineering in Bacteria

Human DNA is spliced into the ,

which is a small ring of DNA in bacteria.

The takes up the

plasmid. It now contains the human gene.

The bacterial cell produces the

that the human gene codes for.

10. What is gene therapy?

DNA Fingerprinting (page 607)

© Prentice-Hall, Inc.

11. How are DNA samples similar to fingerprints?

12. DNA fingerprinting is being used to help solve .

The Human Genome Project (page 608)

13. All the DNA in one cell of an organism is a(n) .

14. What is the goal of the Human Genome Project?

Science Explorer Grade 8 Guided Reading and Study Workbook 223